•^ 


a 


1919 


SECOND  PAN  AMERICAN  SCIENTIFIC  CONGRESS 

HELD  IN  THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 

DECEMBER  27,  1915-JANUARY  S,  1916 


THE  REPORT 

OF  THE 

SECRETARY  GENERAL 


PKEPARED  BY 

JOHN  BARRETT,  Secretary  General 

and 

GLEN  LEVIN  SWIGGETT,  Assistant  Secretary  General 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1917 


SECOND  PAN  AMERICAN  SCIENTIFIC  CONGRESS 

HELD  ;N  the  city  OF  WASHINGTON  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 

DECEMBER  27,  1915-JANUARY  8,  1916 


THE  REPORT 

OF  THE 

SECRETARY  GENERAL 


PREPARED  BY 

JOHN  BARRETT,  Secretary  General 

and 

GLEN  LEVIN  SWIGGETT,  Assistant  Secretary  General 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1917 


i/ 


excMANae 


CONTENTS. 

p»gt. 

Introductory  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  State 3 

Preliminary  organization 9 

Draft  of  report  of  the  provisional  committee  appointed  by  the  First  Pan  Amer- 
ican Scientific  Congress 15 

The  sections  and  general  program 17 

Letters  of  appointment  and  invitations •     19 

American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 24 

The  Nineteenth  International  Congress  of  Americanists 27 

American  Institute  of  International  Law 27 

Promotion  of  interest  in  Congress 28 

Details  of  the  organization '. 34 

Latin  American  participation 41 

Latin  American  representation 44 

Reception  of  delegates 45 

Inaugural  plenary  session 48 

Pan  American  hymn 49 

Address  of  welcome  by  the  Hon.  Thomas  R.  Marshall,  Vice  President  of 

the  United  States 51 

Address  of  welcome  by  the  Hon.  Robert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State 55 

Address  of  the  president  of  the  congress,  his  excellency  the  ambassador  of 

Chile,  Sr.  D.  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica 59 

Responses  by  the  chairmen  of  the  official  delegations: 

Argentina ■  64 

Bolivia 67 

Brazil 68 

Chile .  68 

Colombia •. 69 

Costa  Rica 70 

Cuba 71 

Dominican  Republic 73 

(Message  from  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  United  States). ...  74 

Ecuador 74 

Guatemala. 76 

Haiti 77 

Honduras 77 

Nicaragua 79 

Paraguay 82 

Peru 83 

vSalvador 84 

Uruguay 85 

Venezuela 87 

48192—17 1  I 


4G0454 


'^Z:  '"..•,••;  :      ;    ,',    '   '•  CONTENTS. 

Taw. 

Executive  committee  of  the  congress 89 

Officers  of  the  congress 90 

Second  plenary  session 9a 

Opening  remarks  of  the  president  of  the  congress 93 

The  address  of  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  United  States 94 

Third  plenar\-  session 99 

Resolutions  and  recommendations 100 

Adoption  of  the  same 115 

Selection  of  Lima,  Peru,  as  meeting  place  of  Third  Pan  American  Scien- 
tific Congress 1 15 

Introduction  of  special  resolutions. 116 

Telegrams  of  congratulation.  .  ^. 1 19 

Final  address  of  the  president  of  the  congress 125 

Fourth  plenar>'  session 128 

Introductory  remarks  by  the  presiding  officer,  the  honorable  Secretary-  of 

State 128 

Address  of  his  excellency  the  president  of  tlie  congress 129 

Address  of  the  chairman  of  the  United  States  delegation 131 

Address  of  his  excellency  the  Costa  Rican  minister  of  foreign  affairs 135 

Address  of  his  excellency  the  minister  of  Bolivia 136 

Address  of  Dr.  James  Brown  Scott 138 

Address  of  Secretary  General  Barrett 140 

Concurrent  senate  resolution  on  Pan  American  Day 142 

Views  on  the  congress  of  Panama 142 

Social  program 144 

Special  visits 1 53 

The  tour 1 54 

Itinerary 1 54 

Entertainment  program 155 

Description  of  the  tour 157 

Departure  of  the  delegates 174 

Financial  statement 175 

Appendix  A 176 

Appendix  B 195 

Appendix  C , . .  238 


INTRODUCTORY  LETTER  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF 

STATE. 


Hon.  Robert  Lansing, 

Secretary  of  State,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  covering  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  held  in  Washington,  December  27, 
1915-January  8,  1 91 6,  of  which,  at  the  request  of  the  Department  of 
State  and  the  executive  committee  of  organization,  and  by  permission 
of  the  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  I  served  as  secretary 
general. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  report  I  have  been  greatly  aided  by  the 
assistant  secretary  general,  Dr.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  late  professor  of 
romance  languages  in  the  University  of  Tennessee,  who  resigned  from 
that  position  to  devote  his  time  to  this  congress,  and  I  wish  to  take 
advantage  of  this  opportunity  to  express  my  appreciation  of  his  faithful 
and  efficient  service. 

I  desire  also  to  emphasize  that  the  success  of  the  congress  was  largely 
brought  about  by  the  excellent  advice  and  unremitting  cooperation  which 
I  constantly  received  from  Hon.  William  Phillips,  then  Third  Assistant 
Secretary  of  State  and  chairman  of  the  executive  committee;  Dr.  James 
Brown  Scott,  secretary  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 
Peace;  and  the  other  members  of  the  executive  committee,  who  were 
ex  officio  chairmen  of  the  different  sections  of  the  congress,  as  follows: 
Dr.  P.  P.  Claxton,  Brig.  Gen.  W.  H.  Bixby,  Surg.  Gen.  William  C.  Gorgas, 
Dr.  William  H.  Holmes,  Hennen  Jennings,  Dr.  Leo  S.  Rowe,  George  M. 
Rommel,  and  Dr.  Robert  vS.  Woodward. 

The  particular  interest  which  the  President  of  the  United  States  mani- 
fested in  the  congress  from  the  time  that  he  was  first  approached  on  the 
subject  by  the  Secretary  of  State  was  a  strong  and  permanent  factor  in 
making  the  congress  an  occasion  of  historical  and  international  im- 
]wrtance.  He  manifested  his  interest  through  advice  to  the  committee, 
the  selection  of  high-class  delegates  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment, and  his  own  participation  in  the  proceedings  and  in  the  social 
entertainment  of  the  delegates.  The  address  he  delivered  at  a  plenary 
session  of  the  congress  was  epoch  making  in  its  significance,  and  the 

3 


4  INTRODUCTORY. 

reception  which  he  gave,  graciously  assisted  by  Mrs.  Wilson,  at  the 
White  House  was  the  most  brilliant  functioii  of  the  entire  social  side  of 
the  congress. 

The  Latin  American  diplomatic  representatives  in  Washington  were 
always  willing  to  take  any  consistent  step  that  would  lead  to  the  success 
of  the  congress,  and  they  played  a  part  in  working  it  out  which  was 
important  and  effective. 

It  is  not  possible  in  this  brief  introduction  to  go  into  detailed  reference 
to  all  those  who  were  in  some  way  associated  with  the  making  of  this 
extraordinary  gathering  one  to  be  long  remembered,  but  due  mention 
has  been  made  in  some  part  of  the  general  text  of  the  report  of  all  those 
connected  with  it.  There  are,  however,  a  few  additional  references 
which  I  desire  to  include.  The  first  is  the  help  which  the  congress  and 
the  executive  committee  received  in  the  active  and  practical  cooperation 
of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace  in  inviting  a  large 
number  of  Latin  American  statesmen,  scientists  and  scholars  to  attend 
the  congress  as  its  guests.  Credit  is  due  to  Mrs.  Robert  Lansing,  Mrs. 
Charles  R.  Crane,  Mrs.  Louis  F.  Post,  Mrs.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  and  a 
considerable  group  of  women  from  Washington  and  elsewhere,  who 
either  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Conference,  of 
which  a  special  report  has  been  made  by  Mrs.  Swiggett,  or  assisted  in 
the  entertainment  of  the  Latin  American  guests  during  their  stay  in 
Washington. 

The  secretary  general  will  always  feel  indebted  to  the  public-spirited 
group  of  young  women  and  men  who  acted  as  social  aides  to  the  Latin 
American  delegates.  They  were  untiring  in  their  efforts  to  care  for  the 
foreign  guests  and  had  much  to  do  with  the  success  of  the  social  enter- 
tainment. 

The  Washington  newspapers  and  the  press  associations  showed  a 
helpful  and  practical  interest  in  the  congress,  which  was  proved  by  the 
large  amount  of  space  which  they  daily  gave  to  its  sessions  and  by  the 
number  of  men  they  detailed  to  cover  the  various  meetings.  The  inter- 
est manifested  not  only  in  Washington  but  throughout  the  country  in 
the  Congress  and  the  desire  to  show  hospitality  to  the  Latin  American 
delegates  was  most  gratif5dng. 

The  Latin  American  delegates  to  the  congress  were  nearly  all  quar- 
tered at  the  New  Willard  Hotel,  where  were  also  the  chief  offices  of  the 
congress.  During  this  occupation  of  the  hotel,  the  manager,  F.  S. 
Hight,  and  the  members  of  his  staff  were  unremitting  in  their  efforts  to 
make  both  the  delegates  and  the  staff  thoroughly  comfortable. 


INTRODUCTORY.  5 

In  studying  the  record  of  this  congress,  it  is  well  to  bear  in  mind  that 
it  was  the  most  nutncrously  attended  official  international  conference  ever 
held  upon  the  Western  Hemisphere  and  the  largest  Pan  American  Confer- 
ence that  has  assembled  in  any  American  Republic.  Over  two  hundred 
and  ten  delegates  came  to  Washington  from  the  twenty  Latin  American 
Republics,  while  over  a  thousand  delegates  attended  from  the  United 
States.  The  membership  was  indeed  of  a  high  grade  and  represented 
the  best  in  the  scientific,  educational,  professional,  and  political  circles 
of  the  countries  represented.  The  scope  of  the  congress  was  so  broad 
and  it  was  characterized  by  so  many  sections  that  the  published  pro- 
ceedings will  give  to  the  world  a  most  useful  and  valuable  collection  of 
up-to-date  information,  which  will  be  prized  by  libraries  and  individuals 
alike.  In, other  words,  this  congress  was  a  notable  milestone  in  the 
history  of  modern. progress  and  civilization. 

As  to  the  benefits  of  this  congress,  national  and  international,  there 
can  be  no  question.  It  undoubtedly  was  a  most  powerful  and  fortunate 
influence  in  promoting  that  kind  of  practical  Pan  Americanism  which 
appeals  to  the  representative  men  of  every  American  Republic.  The  free 
discussion,  the  frank  expressions  of  opinion,  the  suggestions  of  new  ideas, 
and  the  sincere  spirit  of  friendly  interest  and  cooperation,  which  featured 
the  congress  undoubtedly  were  most  productive  of  lasting  Pan  American 
acquaintance  and  mutual  understanding.  The  coming  together,  more- 
over, and  the  intimate  association  of  a  large  group  of  the  best  men  of  the 
Latin  American  RepubHcs  with  men  of  similar  kind  from  the  United 
States  resulted  in  all  the  delegates  returning  to  their  respective  homes 
mibued  with  a  new  and  truer  spirit  of  international  amity  and  intercourse. 

Since  the  congress  adjourned  in  January,  1916,  the  Pan  American 
Union,  the  official  international  organization  of  all  the  American  Republics 
devoted  to  good  .understanding,  friendship,  intercourse,  and  commerce 
among  them,  of  which  I  have  the  honor  to  be  the  executive  officer,  has 
had  constant  evidence  of  the  interest  which  the  congress  aroused  and  of 
the  good  which  it  accomplished.  The  correspondence  daily  pouring  into 
the  Pan  American  Union  from  educators,  scholars,  scientists,  financiers, 
commercial  leaders,  and  statesmen,  who  were  inspired  to  greater  interest 
in  Pan  Americanism  by  the  congress,  has  proved  that  its  labors  were  not 
in  vain.  There  has  been,  moreover,  a  remarkable  demand  from  every 
part  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  for  the  detailed  record  or  report  of  the 
proceedings  of  its  many  sections,  which,  at  this  writing,  are  being  edited 
under  the  supervision  of  the  assistant  secretary  general.  Dr.  Glen  Levin 
Swiggett. 


6  INTRODUCTORY. 

In  this  Report  of  the  Secretary  General  the  chief  effort  has  been  to 
make  a  simple  and  accurate  record  of  what  took  place  from  the  first 
organization  of  the  executive  committee,  following  the  first  Pan  Ameri- 
can Scientific  Congress,  held  in  Santiago  in  1908,  until  the  adjournment 
of  this  second  congress  in  January,  191 6.  The  delay  in  the  actual  pub- 
lication of  this  report  and  of  the  proceedings  has  been  due  to  the  neces- 
sity of  carefully  comparing  and  editing  all  the  data.  It  has  been  neces- 
sary to  send  speeches  and  papers  to  delegates  in  far-off  Latin  American 
countries  and  to  have  them  corrected  before  they  could  be  published. 
Even  with  these  precautions,  however,  some  errors,  mistakes,  and  over- 
sights have  been  unavoidable.  For  these  the  secretary  general  and  the 
assistant  secretary  general  ask  the  indulgence  of  persons  who  may  dis- 
cover them  or  feel  that  they  have  been  overlooked  or  in  the  least  degree 
slighted.  Omissions,  mistakes,  and  errors,  if  found,  are  entirely  acci- 
dental and  unintentional.  When  it  is  considered  that  the  preparation 
of  the  proceedings  has  required  the  reading  in  different  languages  of 
several  millions  of  words,  the  difficulties  confronting  the  executive 
officers  can  be  appreciated. 

The  delay,  however,  in  the  publication  of  this  report  and  the  pro- 
ceedings has  been  compensated  in  a  measure  by  the  distribution  of  the 
volume,  entitled  The  Final  Act  and  Interpretative  Commentary  Thereon, 
which  was  prepared  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  James  Brown  Scott, 
reporter  general  of  the  congress.  This  is  a  discussion  of  practical  value 
and  should  be  read  and  studied  by  all  those  who  wish  to  fully  understand 
and  appreciate  the  work  of  the  congress.  It  also  contains  useful  and 
valuable  appendices  and  other  data  prepared  under  the  direction  of 
Assistant  Secretary  General  Swiggett.  Copies  of  it  can  be  obtained  by 
addressing  the  Director  General  of  the  Pan  American  Union. 

The  full  report  of  the  proceedings,  covering  all  nine  sections  of  the 
congress,  is  now  being  printed  at  the  United  States  Government  Printing 
Office.  It  wall  probably  occupy  eleven  volumes,  with  all  the  pap)ers 
presented  at  the  congress  in  the  language  in  which  they  were  delivered. 
Many  of  these  papers  will  be  appropriately  illustrated.  These  proceed- 
ings will  be  distributed,  under  certain  restrictions,  to  the  actual  readers 
and  senders  of  papers,  to  a  selected  list  of  libraries,  and  to  high  Govern- 
ment officials.  They  will  be  obtainable  in  due  time  and  under  certain 
conditions  from  the  Director  General  of  the  Pan  American  Union. 

The  report  of  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Conference,  carefully  prepared 
by  Mrs.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  is  a  comprehensive  review  of  the  proceed- 
ings and  papers  of  that  conference  which  was  organized  under  the  initia- 
tive of  the  executive  committee  in  order  to  interest  the  women  who 


INTRODUCTORY.  7 

were  in  attendance  at  the  congress,  and  also  to  prepare  the  way  for  greater 
interest  among  the  women  of  all  the  American  countries  in  Pan  Ameri- 
can matters.  Copies  of  this  can  also  be  obtained  from  the  Director 
General  of  the  Pan  American  Union  or  from  the  executive  secretary  of 
the  Women's  Auxiliary  Committee,  Mrs.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett. 

Mrs.  Charles  R.  Crane  generously  contributed  $2,000,  and  Mrs.  J.  C. 
Breckenridge  $100  for  expenses  connected  with  the  Women's  Auxiliary 
Conference,  which  could  not  be  covered  by  the  official  appropriation. 

It  is  now  my  hope  that  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Conference  may  be 
enlarged  into  a  more  important  gathering  for  the  Lima  congress  in  1921. 
There  is  some  suggestion  that  then  there  might  be  held  there  a  real  Pan 
American  conference  of  women,  which  would  undoubtedly  be  of  great 
cooperative  benefit  in  making  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Con- 
gress a  notable  occasion  in  the  history  of  Pan  Americanism. 

Finally,  I  feel  it  my  duty  to  urge  preparation  by  the  United  States 
Government,  in  cooperation  with  the  scientists,  educators,  scholars,  and 
engineers  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Third  Pan  American  Scientific 
Congress,  which  will  be  held  in  Lima,  the  capital  of  Peru,  in  192 1.  In 
view  of  the  large  number  of  Latin  Americans  who  came  to  the  United 
States  for  the  Washington  congress,  there  should  be  a  large  official  and 
unofficial  delegation  from  the  United  States  at  Lima.  The  papers  pre- 
sented there  from  the  United  vStates,  moreover,  should  represent  the  very 
best  thought  of  the  day  and  be  a  credit  to  this  land.  The  Government 
and  people  of  the  United  States  can  not  show  too  much  interest  in  that 
congress  in  return  for  the  interest  shown  by  Latin  America  in  the  last 
congress,"  and  in  order  to  promote  practical  Pan  Americanism. 

The  total  expense  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  to 
the  United  States  Government  was  approximately  $127,000,  of  which  a 
summarized  statement  is  given  in  the  concluding  part  of  the  following 
report.  Considering  the  extraordinary  attendance,  not  only  from  Latin 
America  but  from  the  United  States,  the  success  of  every  feature  of  the 
congress,  and  the  good  results  for  Pan  Americanism  which  have  resulted, 
this  sum  can  certainly  be  considered  as  having  been  most  advantageously 
utilized. 

In  the  Appendix  of  the  Report  of  the  Secretary  General  will  be  found 
three  most  interesting  records.  These  give  a  list  of  the  members  of  the 
congress  from  the  Latin  American  countries,  a  list  of  all  the  papers  read 
or  submitted  to  the  congress,  classified  alphabetically  according  to  sec- 
tions, and  an  alphabetical  list  of  all  the  societies  which  participated  or 
sent  delegates.  The  alphabetical  list  of  delegates  is  not  given  because  it 
is  included  in  the  "Final  Act." 


8  INTRODUCTORY. 

In  conclusion,  I  beg  to  take  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to  thank 
you,  Mr.  Secretary,  for  the  great  interest  which  you  and  your  predecessor, 
Hon.  William  J.  Bryan,  showed  in  the  congress  and  for  the  advice  and 
cooperation  which  you  always  gladly  gave  the  executive  committee  and 
myself. 

Yours,  very  respectfully, 

John  Barrbtt. 
June  i,  1917. 


THE  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 


PRELIMINARY  ORGANIZATION. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  held  in  the  city  of 
Washington  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
with  the  official  sanction  and  direction  of  the  Department  of  State, 
convened  in  solemn  plenary  session  in  Memorial  Continental  Hall  Monday, 
December  27,  1915,  at  10.30  a.  m.  The  plenary  session  of  adjournment 
was  held  in  the  same  place  Saturday  morning,  January  8,  1916,  at  11 
o'clock. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  appropriated  money  for  the  conduct 
of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  as  follows: 

1.  Diplomatic  and  Consular  appropriation  act  for  1915. $35,  000 

2.  Diplomatic  and  Consular  appropriation  act  for  1916 15, 000 

3.  Public  Resolution  No.  3 — Sixty-fourth  Congress  (urgent  deficiency  bill), 

approved  Dec.  17,  1915 ; .     35,000 

Acting  on  behalf  of,  and  in  cooperation  with,  the  permanent  executive 
committee  of  organization,  the  executive  officers  of  that  committee,  the 
secretary  general  and  the  assistant  secretary  general,  organized  the 
congress,  arranged  and  carried  out  its  program,  social  and  deliberative, 
published  the  reports  of  the  reporter  general  and  the  secretary  general 
of  the  congress,  and  assisted  in  the  publication  of  the  report  of  the 
Women's  Auxiliary  Conference. 

The  report  of  the  reporter  general,  Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  is  called 
the  Final  Act  and  Interpretative  Commentary  Thereon,  with  appendices. 
These  seven  appendices  contain  the  following  chapters : 

1.  Organization  and  rules. 

2 .  Topics  for  Pan  American  conferences. 

3.  The  three  plenary  sessions. 

4.  Program  of  the  nine  sections  of  the  congress. 

5.  List  of  learned  societies,  educational  institutions,  private  organizations,  and 

governmental  bureaus. 

6.  List  of  the  members  of  the  executive  committee  and  other  committees  of 

organization,  and  the  cooperating  committees  in  Republics  other  than  the 
United  States. 

7.  List  of  the  honorary  members,  members  of  societies,  institutions,  and  com- 

mittees, and  writers  of  papers. 

This  report  has  been  printed  in  two  editions,  in  English  and  in  Span- 
ish,  at   the   Government   Printing   Office,   Washington,    D.    C.     Eight 

9 


lO  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

thousand  copies  of  the  English  edition  have  been  printed,  2,000  of  which 
were  ordered  for  private  distribution  by  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for 
International  Peace.  Three  thousand  copies  of  the  Spanish  edition  have 
been  printed.  A  copy  of  the  Final  Act  has  been  mailed  in  the  appro- 
priate language  to  all  high  officials  of  Government,  to  all  members  of 
the  congress,  and  to  the  libraries  of  the  leading  commercial,  learned,  and 
scientific  organizations  and  educational  institutions  in  the  21  participat- 
ing countries.  The  report  of  the  Women*s  Auxiliary  Conference,  pre- 
pared by  the  organizing  secretary,  Mrs.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  has  been 
likewise  printed  in  two  editions,  English  and  Spanish,  and  is  being 
distributed  throughout  the  different  countries  of  the  Pan  American 
Union  by  an  international  committee  that  is  now  being  appointed  for 
that  purpose. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  had  its  origin  in  a  series 
of  anterior  scientific  congressies  held  in  South  America.  The  first  of 
these,  called  the  First  Latin  American  Scientific  Congress,  was  held  in 
Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  April  10-20,  1898,  in  commemoration  of  the 
silver  jubilee  of  the  Argentine  Scientific  Congress.  The  second  and 
third  were  held,  respectively,  in  Montevideo,  March  20-31,  1901,  and 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  August  6-16,  1905.  Through  the  generous  action  of 
the  executive  committee  of  organization  of  the  Fourth  Latin  American 
Scientific  Congress,  held  in  Santiago  de  Chile,  December  25,  1908,  to 
January  5,  1909,  the  Government  of  the  United  States  was  invited  to 
participate  and  the  name  of  the  congress  was  changed  to  the  First  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress.  The  Government  of  the  United  States 
accepted  this  invitation  and  named  the  following  official  delegate^: 

Leo  S.  Rowe,  Chairman.  Wiluam  H.  Holmes. 

Paul  S.  Reinsch,  \'icc  Chainnan.  Bernard  Moses. 

Hiram  Bingha?».  George  M.  Rommel. 

Archibald  Cary  Coolidge.  William  R.  Shepherd. 

William  C.  Gorgas.  W.  B.  Smith. 

Secretaries : 
Clarence  L.  Hay. 
Charles  G.  Neumann. 
Huntington  Smith. 

The  official  report  of  this  delegation  was  presented  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  April  23,  1909.  This  report  was  printed  at  the  Government 
Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C,  1909,  under  the  title  Report  of  the 
Delegates  of  the  United  States  to  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 
held  at  Santiago,  Chile. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  II 

The  growth  in  these  scientific  congresses  is  indicative  of  the  scientific 
progress  and  the  increasing  mutual  good  will  of  the  Republics  of  the 
Western  Hemisphere.  Eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight  papers  were  pre- 
sented to  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  the  total  mem- 
bership of  which  was  2,566.  The  Reseiia  General  of  the  First  Pan  Ameri- 
can Scientific  Congress  contains  the  following  statistics  for  the  four 
anterior  congresses : 


Member- 
ship. 


Papers 
presented. 


First  Latin  American  Scientific  Congress . . . 
Second  Latin  American  Scientific  Congress. 
Third  Latin  American  Scientific  Congress . . 
Fourth  Latin  American  Scientific  Congress  . 


552 

839 

863 

2,238 


121 
302 
120 
742 


Immediately  on  the  adjournment  of  the  congress  at  Santiago  de  Chile, 
which  had  selected  the  capital  of  the  United  States  as  the  place  of  meeting 
for  the  next  congiess  in  19 12,  the  provisional  committee  of  the  United 
States,  appointed  by  the  scientific  congress,  endeavored  to  secure  an 
appropriation  from  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  necessary  to  the 
work  of  organization,  and  rendered  further  such  services  as  could  be 
performed  in  anticipation  of  this  appropriation.  The  members  of  this 
provisional  committee  were: 

Leo  S.   Rowe,  Head  Professor  of  Political  Science,  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

John  Barrett,  Director  General  of  the  Pan  American  Union. 

P.  P.  Claxton,  the  Commissioner  of  Education  of  the  United  States. 

William    H.   Holmes,'  Head  Curator  National   Museum,   Smith- 
sonian Institution. 

George  W.  Rommel,  Chief  Animal  Husbandry  Division,  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Through  no  lack  of  interest  on  the  part  of  its  members  nor  failure  on 
the  part  of  the  Government  or  people  of  the  Umted  States  to  realize 
fully  the  importance  of  holding  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific 
Congress  at  the  tmie  designated  and  approved  by  a  resolution  of  the 
preceding  congress,  the  provisional  committee  was  unable  to  perfect 
plans  for  1912.  Many  insurmountable  difficulties  confronted  this  com- 
mittee and  it  became  necessary  to  postpone  the  inauguration  of  the 
congress  from  191 2  to  1914.  The  following  circular  letter  from  the 
honorable  Secretary  of  State  was  sent,  under  date  of  May  23,  1911,  to 
the  diplot^tic  representatives  of  the  United  States  accredited  to  the 
Latin  American  countries: 


12  report  of  the  secretary  general,. 

Department  of  State, 

Washington,  May  23,  ipii. 
To  the  Diplomatic  Officers  of  the  United  States  in  Latin  America. 

Gentlemen:  At  its  session  of  January  4,  1909,  the  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress  at  Santiago,  Chile,  designated  the  city  of  Washington 
as  the  next  place  of  meeting  and  recommended  that  the  meeting  be  held 
during  the  year  191 2. 

The  American  managers  of  the  proposed  congress  at  Washington  have 
requested  this  department  to  inform  the  Governments  of  Latin  America  in 
their  behalf  that  it  has  not  been  found  possible  to  make  suitable  arrange- 
ments for  the  holding  of  the  congress  in  Washington  in  191 2,  and  that 
the  time  of  meeting  has  consequently  been  postponed  until  the  year 
1914. 

You  may  inform  the  Government  to  which  you  are  accredited  in  the 
above  sense. 

T  am,  gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

P.  C.  Knox. 

It  became  necessary  in  the  course  of  arrangements  to  postpone  again 
the  opening  of  the  congress  to  December  27,  1915,  at  which  time  the  Con- 
gress convened  in  Washington,  as  has  been  stated.  In  accordance  with 
the  wishes  of  the  provisional  committee  on  organization  expressed  at  the 
time  of  its  appointment  by  the  congress  in  Santiago,  the  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States  appointed,  June  17,  191 4,  a  permanent  execu- 
tive committee  of  organization  in  the  United  States.  A  copy  of  the 
official  letter  of  appointment  follows: 

APPOINTMENT  AS  MEMBER  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

Department  of  State, 

Washington,  June  17,  1914. 
Sir:  Being  aware  of  your  interest  in  the  cultivation  of  closer  relations 
between  the  United  States  and  the  Latin  American  Republics,  it  gives 
me  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  I  shall  be  glad  to  have  you  serve  on  an 
executive  committee  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 
which  is  to  meet  in  Washington  in  October,  191 5.  This  committee  is 
purely  advisory  in  character  and  is  created  for  the  purpose  of  formulating 
preliminary  plans  for  the  congress,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Department  of 
State  before  they  are  communicated  to  the  various  nations  interested  in 
the  congress. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI^.  1 3 

There  is  no  remuneration  in  connection  with  the  service  of  this  com- 
mittee, and  it  is  understood  that  the  members  of  the  committee,  as  such, 
are  not  delegates  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  to  the  congress. 

Hoping  that  the  department  may  be  fortunate  enough  to  avail  itself  of 
your  assistance, 
I  am,  etc., 

W.  J.  Bryan. 

The  members  appointed  on  June  17  were: 

Wiivi/iAM  Phillips,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 

John  Barrett,  Director  General,  Pan  American  Union. 

Philander  P.  Claxton,  Commissioner  of  Education. 

William  H.  Holmes,  Head  Curator  National  Museum,  Smithsonian 

Institution. 
William  C.  Gorgas,  Surgeon  General,  United  States  Army. 
Georg^  M.  Rommel,  Chief,  Animal  Husbandry  Division,  Bureau  of 

Animal  Industry,  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Leo  S.  Rowe,  Head  Professor  of  Political  Science,  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 
.  James  Brown  Scott,  Secretary,  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Interna- 
tional Peace. 
By  April,  1915,  the  committee  had  been  enlarged  through  the  appoint- 
ment by  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  following  members: 

W.  H.  BixBY,  Brigadier  General,  United  States  Army,  retired. 

Hennen  Jennings,  mining  engineer. 

Dr.  William  H.  Welch,  pathologist,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Johns 

Hopkins  University. 
Robert  S.  Woodward,  President,  Carnegie  Institution. 
John  Barrett,  director  general  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  and  Glen 
Levin  Swiggett,  professor  of  romance  languages.  University  of  Tennessee, 
were  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  State  in  March,  191 5,  to  act,  respec- 
tively, as  secretary  general  and  assistant  secretary  general  of  the  congress. 
The  permanent  executive  committee  of  organization  as  finally  consti- 
tuted was  as  follows : 

Executive  Committee. 

William  Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  Chairman 
ex  officio. 

James  Brown  Scott,  Secretary,  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Interna- 
tional Peace,  Vice  Chairman  and  Reporter  General. 

William  H.  Welch,  former  President,  National  Academy  of  Sci- 
ence, Honorary  Vice  Chairman. 


14  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

John  Barrett,  Director  General,  Pan  American  Union. 

W.  H.  BixBY,  Brigadier  General,  United  States  Army,  retired. 

Philander  P.  Claxton,  Commissioner  of  Education. 

William  C.  Gorgas,  Surgeon  General,  United  States  Army. 

William  H.  Holmes,  Head  Curator  National  Museum,  Smithsonian 
Institution. 

Hennen  Jennings,  former  President,  Ivondon  Institution  of  Mining 
and  Metallurgy. 

George  M.  Rommel,  Chief,  Animal  Husbandry  Division,  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  Department  of  Agriculture. 

h.  S.  RowE,  President,  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science. 

Robert  S.  Woodward,  President,  Carnegie  Institution  of  Wash- 
ington. 

Organization  Officers. 

John  Barrett,   Director  General  of  the   Pan  American  Union, 

Secretary  General. 
Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  Assistant  Secretary  General. 

The  honorable  Secretary  of  State  sent,  on  July  lo,  1914,  the  following 
communication  to  the  diplomatic  corps  of  Latin  America  in  Washing- 
ton, informing  the  ambassadors  and  ministers  of  these  republics  of  the 
invitation  to  participate  in  the  congress  on  the  part  of  their  governments 
that  had  been  extended  through  chiefs  of  missions  of  the  United  States 
in  their  respective  countries: 

Department  op  State, 
Washington,  July  10,  1914. 

Sir:  The  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  which  held  its  ses- 
sions at  Santiago,  Chile,  in  1908-9,  designated  the  city  of  Washington  as 
the  place  of  meeting  for  the  second  congress.  This  unsolicited  and  volun- 
tary action  of  the  first  congress,  evidencing,  as  it  did,  on  the  part  of  its 
members  a  desire  to  cultivate  closer  intellectual  and  cultural  relations 
with  the  United  States,  gave  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
intense  gratification ;  and  the  scientific  gentlemen  who  attended  the  first 
congress  as  delegates  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  greatly 
impressed  with  the  cordial  reception  and  hospitable  treatment  that  had 
been  accorded  to  them  at  Santiago,  were  glad  to  interest  themselves  in 
arranging  for  the  second  congress.  These  gentlemen  having  determined 
that  an  appropriate  time  for  the  holding  of  this  congress  would  be  in  the 
month  of  October,  191 5,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in  the  diplo- 
matic and  consular  appropriation  act  approved  June  30,  1914,  has  been 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL,,  1 5 

pleased  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  State  to  invite  the  Governments  of 
the  American  Republics  to  be  represented  thereat  by  delegates,  and  has 
made  suitable  provision  for  the  expenses  of  the  congress  and  for  the 
entertainment  of  the  delegates. 

By  virtue  of  this  authority,  it  has  given  me  much  pleasure  to  instruct 

the  American  minister  at to  extend  to  the  Government  of 

an  oflicial  invitation  to  be  represented  by  delegates  in  the  Second  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress,  to  meet  at  Washington  in  October,  191 5, 
and  to  express  the  pleasure  with  which  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  would  learn  of  the  acceptance  of  the  invitation  and  of  the  intention 

of  the  Government  of to  appoint  delegates  to  represent  it  in  the 

deliberations  of  the  congress  which  it  is  confidently  hoped  will  mark  an 
important  step  in  the  development  of  closer  intellectual  ties  between  the 
United  States  and  the  Republics  of  Latin  America. 

In  furtherance  of  this  purpose  I  have  appointed  the  following-named 
gentlemen  as  an  executive  committee  charged  with  the  duty  of  formu- 
lating the  program  of  the  congress  and  the  perfecting  of  arrangements 
preparatory  to  the  assembling  of  the  congress :  * 

I  shall  be  extremely  obliged  if  you  will  give  the  invitation  your  support. 
Accept,  sir,  etc., 

W.  J.  Bryan. 

Prior  to  the  appointment  of  the  permanent  executive  committee, 
the  provisional  committee  had  prepared  and  circulated  in  mimeograph 
copy  a  tentative  draft  of  the  purposes  of  the  congress  and  the  prelimi- 
nary program  bases.  This  report  of  the  provisional  committee  of 
organization  follows : 

DRAFT  OF  REPORT  OF  THE  PROVISIONAL  COMMITTEE 
APPOINTED  BY  THE  FIRST  PAN  AMERICAN  SCIENTIFIC 
CONGRESS,  HELD  DECEMBER,  1908. 

The  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  held  in  Santiago,  Chile,  in  De- 
cember, 1908,  was  preceded  by  a  series  of  three  Latin  American  scientific 
congresses,  the  first  being  held  in  Buenos  Aires  in  1898,  the  second  in 
Montevideo  in  1901,  and  the  third  in  Rio  Janeiro  in  1905. 

It  has  become  the  established  custom  at  these  congresses  to  designate 
not  only  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  next  succeeding  congress,  but  also 
the  personnel  of  the  permanent  organization  committee.  The  delegation 
of  the  United  States  to  the  Santiago  congress  succeeded  in  modifying  this 
tradition  to  the  extent  of  having  the  congress  limit  itself  to  the  appoint- 

'  Names  of  members  of  executive  committee  given  on  p.  13. 
48192—17 2 


1 6  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

ment  of  a  temporary  committee,  thus  leaving  to  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  complete  freedom  of  action  in  determining  the  personnel 
of  the  permanent  committee. 

The  Santiago  congress  designated  the  12th  of  October,  191 2,  as  the 
date  for  the  assembling  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress. 
The  designation  of  Washington  as  the  next  place  of  meeting  was  intended 
by  the  representatives  of  the  Latin  American  countries  to  emphasize  the 
solidarity  of  intellectual  interests  with  the  United  States.  The  cable- 
gram of  the  Secretary  of  State,  expressing  the  satisfaction  of  the  United 
States  Government  at  the  designation  of  Washington,  was  received  with 
much  enthusiasm,  and  it  was  felt  by  all  those  attending  the  Santiago 
congress  that  the  Washington  meeting  would  mark  an  important  step  in 
the  development  of  closer  intellectual  ties  between  the  United  States  and 
the  Republics  of  Latin  America. 

The  provisional  committee  has  held  a  number  of  sessions  in  Washing- 
ton, and  has  carefully  gone  over  the  situation  with  a  view  of  presenting 
to  the  department  tentative  suggestions  with  reference  to  the  preUminary 
arrangements  for  the  forthcoming  congress. 

In  furtherance  of  this  purpose  the  provisional  committee  begs  to  rec- 
ommend : 

First.  That  an  executive  committee  of  seven,  with  power  to  appoint 
subcommittees,  be  appointed.  This  committee  is  to  be  intrusted  with 
all  the  arrangements  preparatory  to  the  assembling  of  the  congress. 

Second.  That  a  general  committee,  composed  of  one  representative 
from  each  of  the  associations  indicated  on  the  accompanying  list  be 
appointed. 

Third.  That  Canada  be  invited  to  participate  in  the  Second  Pan  Amer- 
ican Scientific  Congress. 

Fourth.  That  the  permanent  executive  committee  be  appointed  as  soon 
as  possible  in  order  that  the  necessary  arrangements  may  be  made  for 
the  issuance  of  invitations  and  for  the  formulation  of  the  program  of  the 
conference. 

One  of  the  difficulties  confronting  previous  congresses  has  been  the 
failure  to  secure  the  preparation  of  papers  well  in  advance  of  the  meet- 
ing of  the  congress. 

The  hope  was  also  expressed  at  the  Santiago  congress  that  it  would  be 
possible  to  concentrate  the  attention  of  the  various  sections  of  the  con- 
gress on  comparatively  few  questions  in  order  to  bring  to  bear  on  these 
questions  the  results  of  the  best  scientific  thought  and  investigation 
from  all  sections  of  the  continent.  In  furtherance  of  this  purpose  the 
provisional  committee  begs  to  submit  for  the  consideration  of  the  de- 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 7 

partment  the  desirability  of  organizing  the  next  Pan  American  Scientific 
Congress  in  the  form  of  a  series  of  international  conferences,  of  which  a 
list  will  be  submitted  in  due  time. 

THE  SECTIONS  AND  GENERAL  PROGRAM. 

The  permanent  executive  committee  of  the  congress  prepared  and 
published  in  the  spring  of  191 5  a  preliminary  program.  This  program 
contained  the  rules  and  regulations  in  respect  to  organization,  member- 
ship in  the  congress  and  presentation  of  papers,  and  the  topics,  stated  in 
general  terms,  that  were  proposed  for  discussion  in  the  nine  sections. 
These  rules  and  topics  may  be  found  printed  in  the  report  on  the  Final 
Act,^  English  edition,  pages  17-26  and  155-158.  The  executive  com- 
mittee distinctly  expressed  the  hope  in  the  preliminary  program  that  the 
Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  might  partake  of  the  charac- 
ter of  a  series  of  international  conferences,  and  requested  all  writers  of 
papers  to  concentrate  attention  upon  those  questions  which  would  be  of 
greatest  interest  to  all  American  Republics.  The  nine  main  sections  of 
the  program  of  the  congress,  with  the  names  of  the  chairman  in  charge 
of  each  section,  were  as  follows: 

I.  Anthropology,  William  H.  Holmes. 

II.  Astronomy,    Meteorology,    and    Seismology,     Robert    S. 
Woodward. 

III.  Conservation  of  Natural  Resources,  Agriculture,  Irrigation, 

and  Forestry,  George  M.  Rommel. 

IV.  Education,  P.  P.  Claxton. 
V.  Engineering,  W.  H.  Bixby. 

VI.  International  Law,  PubHc  Law,  and  Jurisprudence,  James 

Brown  Scott. 
VII.  Mining  and  Metallurgy,  Economic  Geology,  and  Applied 

Chemistry,  Hennen  Jennings. 
VIII.  Public  Health  and  Medical  Science,  WilHam  C.  Gorgas. 
IX.  Transportation,  Commerce,  Finance,  and  Taxation,  L.  S. 
Rowe. 
The  chairmen  of  these  sections  were  assisted  in  the  preparation  of 
this  general  program  by  distinguished  men  of  science,  representing  the 
scientific  bureaus  of  the  Government  and  scientific  societies.     Valuable 
services  were  rendered  in  this  respect  particularly  by  representatives  of 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers,  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  American  Insti- 

'  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C,  1916. 


1 8  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

tute  of  Electrical  Engineers,  American  Society  of  Naval  Architecture  and 
Marine  Engineers,  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Sciences, 
and  National  Academy  of  Sciences.  This  program  was  distributed 
throughout  the  2 1  Republics  from  the  office  of  the  secretary  general  in  the 
Pan  American  Union.  It  was  printed  in  English,  Portuguese,  and  Span- 
ish. Copies  were  sent  to  educational  institutions,  learned  and  scientific 
societies,  and  individuals  in  the  several  countries.  The  cooperating 
committees  appointed  at  the  request  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  by  the  Governments  of  the  different  Republics  assisted  likewise 
in  the  distribution  of  this  program.  These  committees,  the  members  of 
which  may  be  found  in  the  Final  Act,  pages  323-329,  rendered  further 
most  valuable  assistance  in  securing  proper  representation  of  their  respec- 
tive countries  at  the  congress  by  the  appointment  of  delegates  and  in  the 
selection  of  writers  of  papers.  They  cooperated  also  with  the  executive 
committee  of  the  United  States  in  maintaining  the  Pan  American  character 
of  the  congress. 

This  distinctive  Pan  American  character  was  further  greatly  enhanced 
through  the  special  group  conferences  held  at  the  time  of  the  con- 
gress by  the  dififerent  sections  and  subsections.  Special  topics, 
called  Pan  American  themes,  were  chosen  and  submitted  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  summer  through  official  channels  to  the  different 
countries.  In  addition  to  the  diplomatic  representatives.  Government 
officials  and  cooperating  committees,  individuals  in  the  different  coun- 
tries, to  whom  the  executive  committee  now  acknowledges  gratefully 
its  indebtedness,  assisted  in  the  distribution  of  these  themes.  Papers 
were  presented  by  the  leading  specialists  of  the  several  Republics.  On 
account  of  the  timely  and  scientific  interest  of  the  topics  the  papers 
grouped  around  them  were  profitably  discussed  in  stimulating  conferences 
by  representatives  from  the  larger  part  of  the  RepubUcs  participating  in 
the  congress.  These  Pan  American  themes  may  be  found  printed  in  the 
report  of  the  Final  Act,  English  edition,  pages  159-162. 

There  were  five  orders  of  membership  in  the  congress:  Official  dele- 
gates; delegates  of  societies,  institutions,  etc.;  honorary  members; 
members  of  committees;  and  writers  of  papers.  Official  delegates  were 
appointed  in  the  customary  manner  of  the  different  countries.  Dele- 
gates of  societies,  institutions,  etc.,  and  honorary  members  were  ap- 
pointed by  the  Secretary  of  State.  Formal  invitations  to  writers  of 
papers  and  members  of  committees  were  extended  by  the  secretary 
general  or  assistant  secretary  general  on  behalf  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee on  organization.  The  invitations  extended  were  of  the  following 
character : 


REPORT  Olf  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  19 

APPOINTMENT  OF  OFFICIAL  DELEGATE. 

Department  of  State, 
Washington,  Novetnber  6,  191 5. 
Sir:  The  department  has  issued  a  certificate  of  appointment  desig- 
nating you  as  a  delegate  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  to  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  to  be  held  at  Washington  December  27, 
1 91 5,  to  January  8,  191 6.     The  certificate  is  transmitted  herewith. 
I  am,  etc., 

William  Phillips, 
Third  Assistant  Secretary. 


Department  of  State. 

To  all  to  whom  these  Presents  shall  come,  Greeting: 

I  certify  that has  been  designated  a  delegate  on  the  part 

of  the  United  States  to  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 
to  be  held  at  Washington,  December  27,  1915,  to  January  8,  1916. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I,  Robert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name  and 
caused  the  seal  of  the  Department  of  State  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  city  of  Washington,  this  30th  day  of  October,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  191 5,  and  the  one  hundred  and  fortieth  year  of  the 
Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

[seal.]  Robert  Lansing. 

INVITATION  TO  SOCIETIES,  INSTITUTIONS,  ETC. 

To  the  President  of . 

Dear  Sir:  By  virtue  of  the  authority  conferred  upon  me  by  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  of  America,  I  have  the  pleasure  to  extend  to 

a  cordial  invitation  to  participate  by  one  or  more  delegates  in  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  to  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  at  the  city  of  Washington  from  De- 
cember 27,  1915,  to  January  8,  1916,  inclusive. 

Assuring  you  that  representatives  from  the  [ ]  will  be  most 

heartily  welcomed,  I  am,  my  dear  sir, 
Very  truly,  yours, 

W.  J.  Bryan, 

Secretary  of  State. 
Department  of  State, 

Washington,  February  12,  1915. 


20  RBPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

APPOINTMENT  AS  HONORARY  MEMBER. 

Department  of  State, 
Washington,  December  27,  1913. 

Dear  Sir:  As  you  are  doubtless  aware,  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress  will  meet  in  the  city  of  Washington  from  December 
27,   1915,  to  January  8,   1916. 

Not  only  are  leading  institutions  of  learning  throughout  Central  and 
South  America  sending  representatives  to  attend  this  congress,  but  the 
governments  of  the  several  Latin  American  countries  are  sending  dis- 
■  tinguished  men  of  learning  as  official  delegates.  In  addition  to  the  for- 
eign delegates,  there  will  be  more  than  500  delegates  from  colleges  and 
other  institutions  throughout  the  United  States. 

I  am  deeply  impressed  with  the  great  importance  of  this  gathering, 
and  I  am  confident  that  in  bringing  together  so  notable  an  assembly  of 
men  of  learning  this  meeting  will  be  what  is  desired — the  greatest  inter- 
national conference  of  an  educational  nature  ever  held  in  the  United 
States. 

It  is  also  believed  that  by  the  character  of  the  attendance  at  the  com- 
ing scientific  congress  not  only  will  there  be  an  increased  fund  of  scientific 
knowledge,  but  more  intimate  relations  will  be  estabUshed  throughout 
the  Americas  on  the  basis  of  a  common  interest  in  science,  culture,  and 
economic  progress. 

Confident  that  your  presence,  your  knowledge  of  the  subject  before 
the  meeting,  and  your  cooperation  in  the  entertainment  of  the  delegates 
will  add  greatly  to  the  success  of  the  congress,  I  have  the  honor  to  extend 
to  you  a  cordial  invitation  to  attend  the  sessions  in  the  quahty  of  an 
honorary  member  of  the  congress. 
I  am,  etc., 

For  the  Secretary  of  State: 

Frank  l>.  Polk, 

Counselor. 

APPOINTMENT  AS  MEMBER  OF  COMMITTEE. 

May  29,  1915. 
Dear  Commissioner  Finley:  Dr.  Philander  P.  Claxton,  Commissioner 
of  Education  of  the  United  States,  member  of  the  executive  committee 
and  ex  officio  chairman  of  Section  IV  on  Education,  of  the  Second  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress,  meeting  in  Washington,  D.  C,  December 
27,  1915,  to  January  8,  1916,  has  appointed  you  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  that  has  charge  of  the  section  on  education.     Dr.  Claxton  not  only 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL-  21 

requests  that  you  honor  the  congress  by  serving  as  chairman  of  the  sub- 
section committee  in  charge  of  elementary  education,  but  begs  to  suggest 
as  well  that  you  designate  not  to  exceed  three  members  to  serve  with 
you  on  your  subcommittee.  The  secretary  general  takes  exceeding 
pleasure  in  approving  your  appointment  and  begs  to  express,  with  Dr. 
Claxton,  the  hope  that  you  will  accept. 

It  is  highly  desirable  that  the  members  of  your  subsection  committee 
be  selected  at  your  earliest  convenience,  as  the  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion hopes  to  call  a  meeting  before  June  14  of  the  educational  section 
of  the  congress.  Your  designations  may  be  sent  direct  to  the  secretary 
general  who  is  authorized  by  the  executive  committee  to  formally  ap- 
prove all  appointments. 

Anticipating   with   exceeding   pleasure,    on   behalf   of   the   secretary 

general  and  Dr.  Claxton,  your  own  acceptance,  I  am, 

Very  faithfully  yours, 

Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 

Acting  Secretary  General. 
Commissioner  John  H.  Finley, 

Albany,  N.  Y. 

INVITATION  TO  WRITERS  OF  PAPER. 

October  29,  1915. 

Dear  Mr.  Bard:  It  gives  me  pleasure  to  state  that  the  committee  in 
charge  of  the  subsection  on  university  education,  of  which  President 
James,  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  is  chairman,  requests  that  you  be 
invited  to  prepare  a  paper  for  that  subsection  on  "Things  which  interest 
university  students  in  the  United  States  as  compared  with  the  interests 
of  similar  students  in  Europe  and  Latin  America." 

I  have  the  honor,  therefore,  as  acting  secretary  general  of  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  to  invite  you  on  behalf  of  the  executive 
committee  to  prepare  this  paper.  All  papers  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
the  secretary  general  not  later  than  December  10.  The  inclosed  circular 
statement  to  contributors  will  be  of  interest  to  you. 

Begging  to  express  the  hope  that  you  will  honor  the  congress  with  thf 

acceptance  of  this  invitation,  I  am, 

Very  faithfully  yours. 

Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 

Acting  Secretary  General. 
Harry  Erwin  Bard, 

Secretary  Pan  American  Society  of  the  United  States, 

15  Broad  Street,  New  York  City. 


22  REPORT   OP'  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

The  report  of  the  Final  Act,  English  edition,  contains  the  names  of 
the  official  delegates,  pages  7-16 ;  list  of  learned  societies,  institutions,  etc., 
pages  293-308;  list  of  committees  appointed  in  all  countries,  pages 
309-329;  honorary  members,  pages  331-336;  and  an  alphabetical  list 
of  the  names  of  the  delegate  members  of  societies  and  institutions,  mem- 
bers of  committees  -and  writers  of  papers,  pages  336-502.  This  Report 
of  the  Secretary  General  reprints  with  different  arrangement,  as  Appendix 
C,  page  238,  the  names  of  the  adhering  societies,  institutions,  and 
organizations  and  their  delegate  members  of  the  congress.  The  program 
for  the  45  subsections  of  the  congress  was  framed  by  the  sectional  com- 
mittees as  a  whole  or  by  subsection  committees.  This  program  as  pre- 
sented and  actually  carried  out  at  the  time  of  the  congress,  with  the 
names  of  the  presiding  officers  and  the  time  and  place  of  meeting  of  the 
different  sessions,  is  printed  in  the  report  of  the  Final  Act  as  a  special 
Appendix,  pages  167-291.  This  arrangement,  however,  does  not  permit 
one  to  see  at  a  glance  the  important  and  valuable  scientific  contribution 
in  papers  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  The  titles  of 
these  papers,  arranged  in  the  order  of  sections  and  subsections,  are,  there- 
fore, printed  as  Appendix  B,  page  195,  of  this  report.  Joint  sessions 
were  frequently  held  between  the  different  sections  or  subsections  of  the 
congress.  Several  notable  sessions  were  held  in  addition  by  special  invi- 
tation of  the  executive  committee  between  certain  sections  and  leading 
scientific  and  learned  societies  of  the  Urited  States  that  were  meeting  in 
Washington  at  the  time  of  the  congress.  A  copy  of  the  letter  of  invita- 
tion to  these  associations  and  the  names  of  those  affiliating  for  th*^ 
purpose  in  question  follow : 

LETTER  OF  INVITATION  TO  AFFILIATED  SOCIETIES. 

July  24,  1915. 

Gentlemen  :  I  have  the  honor  as  secretary  general  of  the  Second  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress  to  formally  invite  your  association  on  behalf 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  congress  to  participate  in  the  program 
of  the  congress  in  one  or  more  joint  sessions,  and  to  state  that  the  chairmen 
of  the  various  program  sections  of  the  congress  have  been  authorized  to 
arrange  for  such  joint  sessions  with  the  duly  appointed  officials  of  these 
national  associations  with  the  subject  matter  of  which  their  own  is  in 
accord. 

The  assistant  secretary  general  of  the  congress  has  been  in  conference 
with  representatives  of  these  national  associations  and  understands  that 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  for  these  joint  sessions  can  be  made. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI^.  23 

Anticipating  with  pleasure  the  meeting  of  your  association  in  Washing- 
ton at  the  time  of  the  scientific  congress,  I  am, 
Very  faithfully,  yours, 

John  Barrett, 
Secretary  General. 
President  and  Officers  American  Historical  Association 
(Care  Dr.  W.  G.  Iceland,  1140  Woodward  Building), 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Institutions  Accepting. 

American  Anthropological  Association, 

Secretary,  George  Grant  MacCurdy,  Yale  University,  New  Haven, 
Conn. 
American  Association  of  University  Professors, 

Secretary,  Prof.  A.  O.  I^ovejoy,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Balti- 
more, Md. 
Archaeological  Institute  of  America, 

Secretary,    Dr.    Mitchell   Carroll,  George   Washington   University, 
Washington,  D,  C. 
Arnerican  Folk-Lore  Society, 

Secretary,  Charles  Peabody,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 

Secretary,  L.  O.  Howard,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 
American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation, 

Secretary,  John  B.  Andrews,  131  East  Twenty- third  Street,  New 
York  City. 
American  Civic  Association, 

Secretary,  Richard  B.  Watrous,  Union  Trust  Building,  Washington, 
D.  C. 
American  Economic  Association, 

Secretary,  AUyn  A.  Young,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
American  Historical  Association, 

Secretary,  Waldo  G.  Leland,  11 40  Woodward  Building,  Washington, 
D.  C. 
American  Political  Science  Association, 

Secretary,  Chester  Lloyd  Jones,  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison, 
Wis. 
American  Psychological  Association, 

Secretary,  R.  S.  Woodworth,  Columbia  University,  New  York  City. 
A  merican  Sociological  Society, 

Secretary,  Scott  E.  W.  Bedford,  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago.  111. 


24  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

American  Statistical  Association, 

vSecretary,  Carroll  W.  Doten,  491  Boylston  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
American  Society  for  the  Judicial  Settlement  of  International  Disputes, 

Secretary,  Tunstall  Smith,  The  Preston,  Baltimore,  Md. 
American  Anthropological  Association, 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 
American  Society  of  International  Law, 

Secretary,  James   Brown   Scott,   Carnegie   Endowment  for   Inter- 
national Peace,  Washington,  D.  C. 

THE   AMERICAN   ASSOCIATION   FOR  THE   ADVANCEMENT 

OF  SCIENCE. 

In  view  of  the  distinguished  services  in  the  field  of  science  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Pan  American  Congress  invited  this  association  to 
hold  a  special  meeting  at  some  time  suitable  to  its  pleasure  during  the 
second  week  of  the  congress  and  subsequent  to  the  adjournment  of  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  association  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  Copies  of  the 
correspondence  in  question  follow: 

October  5,  191 5. 
Dear  Dr.  Howard: 

I  beg  to  inclose  herewith  twelve  copies  of  the  communication  addressed 
to  the  president  and  officers  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science,  prepared  with  the  hope  that  the  same  would  be  pre- 
sented at  the  meeting  in  San  Francisco.  In  order  that  there  may  be 
speedily  accomplished  the  object  which  we  so  earnestly  desire,  may  I 
beg  you  to  use  the  inclosed  copies  in  the  manner  so  generously  suggested 
by  you  at  our  recent  interview? 

With  cordial  regards,  I  am, 

Very  faithfully  yours. 

Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 

Assistant  Secretary  General. 
Dr.  L.  O.  Howard, 

Chief  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Department  of  Agriculture, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

July  26,  1915. 

Gentlemen:  In  accordance  with  the  resolutions  of  the  First  Pan 

American  Scientific  Congress,  held  in  Santiago,  Chile,  December  25,  1908, 

to  January  5,  1909,  a  second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  will  meet 

in  the  city  of  Washington  in  the  month  of  December,  191 5.     The  congress 

will  open  on  Monday,  December  27,  191 5,  and  adjourn  on  Saturday, 

January  8,  191 6. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  25 

This  congress  had  its  origin  in  the  scientific  congresses  that  had  been 
held  by  the  RepubHcs  of  Latin  America  prior  to  the  congress  in  Santiago, 
which  was  organized  with  the  generous  conviction  that  the  United  States 
should  share  in  their  undertaking.  This  conviction  was  splendidly  shown 
in  the  unsolicited  and  voluntary  action  of  the  Santiago  Congress  in  the 
selection  of  Washington,  D.  C,  as  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  second 
congress  which,  it  is  confidently  hoped,  will  mark  an  important  step  in  the 
development  of  closer  intellectual  ties  among  the  participating  countries. 
The  general  purposes  of  the  congress  are  the  presentation  and  discussion 
of  subjects  of  scientific  interest,  especially  those  that  are  most  important 
or  useful  to  Pan  American  countries  in  general,  and  the  formation  of 
personal  acquaintances  among  representatives  of  the  American  Republics. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  this  second  congress  is  to  be  held  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  it  is  highly  desirable 
that  our  foremost  scientists,  learned  societies,  and  educational  institu- 
tions cooperate  in  order  to  insure  the  success  of  this  congress,  which  is 
established  with  the  object  of  increasing  the  exchange  of  knowledge  and 
bringing  about  a  better  understanding  of  the  ways  in  which  the  several 
Republics  can  work  to  the  advancement  of  science,  the  increase  of 
culture,  and  the  promotion  of  trade,  commerce,  and  mutual  helpfulness. 

The  congress  will  be  divided  into  nine  sections,  as  follows: 

I.  Anthropology. 
II.  Astronomy,  meteorology,  and  seismology. 

III.  Conservation  of  natural  resources,  agriculture,  irrigation, 

and  forestry. 

IV.  Education. 
V.  Engineering. 

VI.  International  law,  public  law,  and  jurisprudence. 
VII.  Mining   and   metallurgy,    economic   geology,   and   applied 

chemistry. 
VIII.  Public  health  and  medical  science. 
IX.  Transportation,  commerce,  finance,  and  taxation. 

The  executive  committee  of  the  scientific  congress  begs,  therefore,  to 
extend  to  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
meeting  in  San  Francisco  August  2  to  6,  1915,  the  greetings  of  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  and  to  express  the  hope  that  this  great 
association  will  honor  the  scientific  congress  by  arranging  to  attend  and 
participate  in  the  sessions  of  the  latter  on  the  adjournment  of  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  association  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  the  last  week  of  December, 
1 91 5.     It  will  be  the  pleasure  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Pan 


26  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

American  Scientific  Congress  to  arrange  in  every  way  possible  to  carry 
the  members  of  the  association  to  Washington,  to  receive  them  in  a 
body  and  to  emphasize  during  the  second  week  of  the  congress,  January 
3  to  8,  such  parts  of  the  program  of  the  latter  as  will  offer  the  greatest 
interest  to  the  members  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science. 

On  behalf  of  the  executive  committee, 
Faithfully  yours, 

Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 

Acting  Secretary  General. 

President  and  Officers  of  the  American  Association 
FOR  THE  Advancement  of  Science. 
(Care  of  the  Permanent  Secretary,  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  Washington,  D.  C.) 

Monday  night,  January  the  3d,  was  selected  by  the  permanent  secretary 
of  the  association  as  the  date  of  meeting.  The  members  of  the  congress 
met  with  the  association  as  guests  of  the  latter,  8  p.  m.,  in  Memorial 
Continental  Hall.  Dr.  Robert  S.  Woodward,  president  of  Carnegie  Insti- 
tute and  past  president  of  the  association,  presided  on  this  occasion. 
The  secretary  general  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 
made  a  short  address  of  welcome  on  behalf  of  the  congress.  He  empha- 
sized the  high  character  of  the  class  of  scholars  and  scientists  from  Latin 
America  who  were  attending  the  congress,  and  said  that  intellectual  Pan 
Americanism  was  necessary  to  promote  political  Pan  Americanism. 

The  secretary  general  was  followed  by  Dr.  Ernesto  Nelson,  inspector 
general  of  education  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  member  of  the 
Argentina  delegation  to  the  congress,  who  made  a  brief  address  on  behalf 
of  the  Latin  American  delegates.  He  pointed  out  what  Argentina  and 
other  Latin  American  countries  were  doing  for  astronomy. 

The  president  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  Dr.  William  M.  Campbell,  director  of  the  Lick  Observatory  and 
member  of  the  official  delegation  of  the  United  States,  delivered  a  special 
presidential  address  in  honor  of  the  congress  on  the  Evolution  of  the 
Stars.  Two  sessions  were  further  held  by  the  association  Tuesday,  Jan- 
uary 4,  in  the  New  National  Museum.  The  following  program  was 
given : 

10  A.  M. 

C.  H.  EigEnmann  :  Some  Phases  of  the  Origin  and  Evolution  of  the  South 

American  Fresh-Water  Fishes. 
J.  N.  Rose:  Botanical  Explorations  in  South  America. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  27 

F.  M.  Chapman  :  The  Distribution  of  Life  in  Colombia. 
Thomas  Barbour:  Zoological  Collecting  in  Cuba,  in  Special  Reference  to 
the  Origin  and  Relationships  of  the  Fauna  of  the  Island. 

2  p.  M, 

Wilfred  H.  Osgood:  Crossing  the  Peruvian  Andes. 

T.  Wayland  Vaughan  :  The  Corals  and  Coral  Reefs  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 

and  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
H.  S.  Washington:  The  Distribution  of  Igneous  Rocks  in  South  America. 

The  Nineteenth  International  Congress  of  Americanists  met  likewise 
in  Washington  at  the  time  of  the  congress,  holding  several  joint  sessions 
with  the  first  section  of  the  scientific  congress  and  various  national 
societies  of  pertinent  investigating  interests  like  the  American  Folk-I^ore 
Society,  American  Anthropological  Association,  Archaeological  Institute 
of  America,  etc.  The  program  of  these  joint  sessions,  forming  a  part  of 
the  program  of  Section  I,  is  given  in  the  report  on  the  Final  Act,  pages 
167-181. 

AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW. 

It  is  eminently  fit  that  one  should  mention  at  this  point  the  American 
Institute  of  International  Law,  the  founding  of  which  at  the  time  of  the 
congress  was  referred  to  as  a  Pan  American  event  of  international 
import. 

Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  secretary  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment,  and 
Dr.  Alejandro  Alvarez,  of  Chile,  conceived  the  idea  of  founding  this 
institute.  They  were  ably  assisted  by  publicists  in  the  2 1  Pan  American 
Republics.  In  conjunction  with  the  American  Society  of  International 
Law,  representatives  of  similar  bodies  from  the  other  countries  assembled 
in  Washington,  December  29,  191 5,  formally  inaugurated  the  institute 
under  the  honorary  presidency  of  Hon.  Elihu  Root  and  the  actual 
presidency  of  Dr.  James  Brown  Scott.  Many  distinguished  publicists, 
including  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  State  Robert  Lansing,  Hon.  Robert 
Bacon,  His  Excellency  the  Ambassador  from  Chile  Sr.  Eduardo  Sudrez 
Mujica,  took  part  in  the  proceedings. 

The  officers  of  the  institute  are  as  follows:  Honorary  president,  Mr. 
Elihu  Root;  president,  Mr.  James  Brown  Scott;  secretary  general, 
Mr.  Alejandro  Alvarez,  of  Chile;  treasurer,  Mr.  Luis  Anderson,  of 
Costa  Rica. 

The  members  of  the  institute  representing  the  United  States  are: 
Hon.  Robert  Lansing;  Hon.  Robert  Bacon;  Prof.  John  Bassett  Moore, 
of  Columbia  University;  Prof.  LEO  S.  RowE,  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania; and  Mr.  James  Brown  Scott, 


28  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI.. 

PROMOTION  OF  INTEREST  IN  CONGRESS. 

Early  efiforts  were  made  through  formal  communications  to  learned 
and  scientific  associations  and  through  circular  letters  to  the  press  of  the 
three  Americas  to  create  and  promote  a  real  interest  in  the  purposes  of 
the  congress.     Copies  of  these  communications  follow : 

To  the  officers  and  members  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences: 

I  am  permitted  by  your  distinguished  president,  member  and  honorary 
vice  chairman  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  to  formally 
acquaint  you  this  morning  with  the  fact  that  this  congress  will  be  held 
in  Washington,  December  27,  1915,  to  January  8,  1916.  In  view  of  the 
fact  that  such  a  congress  affords  the  opportunity  of  not  only  advancing 
science,  but  of  establishing  more  intimate  relations  among  the  republics 
of  the  Western  Hemisphere,  the  Secretary  of  State  by  act  of  Congress 
is  given  authority  to  officially  provide  for  proper  representation  at  the 
congress.  The  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  of  which  the 
Secretary  of  State  is  ex  officio  chairman,  has  authorized  the  use  of  its 
handsome  building  for  the  offices  and  sessions  of  the  congress. 

The  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  was  held,  as  you  know,  in 
1908,  in  Santiago,  Chile.  This  congress  was  the  outgrowth  of  several 
scientific  congresses  that  had  been  held  in  the  Latin  American  Republics. 
With  the  generous  conviction  that  the  United  States  should  participate 
in  an  undertaking  of  this  character,  the  Chilean  congress  was  enlarged 
in  order  to  include  our  country,  which  was  represented  on  the  occasion 
of  the  Chilean  congress  by  official  delegates  chosen  from  among  our 
leading  scientists  and  scholars  and  representatives  from  learned  societies 
and  educational  institutions.  The  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Con- 
gress highly  expressed  its  appreciation  of  our  participation  by  desig- 
nating, in  a  manner  entirely  voluntary  and  unsolicited,  the  capital  of 
our  country  as  the  next  place  of  meeting.  In  view  of  this  generous 
interest,  it  is  most  desirable  that  this  nation  show  its  appreciation  of  the 
same  in  the  earnest  efforts  of  our  leading  scientists  to  cooperate  with  the 
executive  committee  in  charge  of  the  congress,  its  officers  and  committees, 
to  make  this  congress  the  greatest  of  all  Pan  American  gatherings. 

This  congress  will  be  of  particular  importance  to  the  field  of  science  in 
general  through  the  industrial  and  economic  implications  which  the 
discussion  of  the  larger  questions  of  the  congress  seems  to  suggest. 
Important  scientific  contributions  therefore  will  be  made  by  those 
who  take  part  in  its  proceedings  on  account  of  the  application  of  pure 
science  to  matters  of  practical  Pan  American  interest. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  29 

On  the  adjournment  of  the  Chilean  congress  in  1908,  certain  visiting 
delegates  from  the  United  States  were  designated  to  act  as  a  preliminary 
executive  committee  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Congress.  The 
executive  committee  now  comprises  twelve  men,  with  the  Hon.  William 
Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  as  ex  officio  chairman. 
The  organization  officers  of  the  congress  consist  of  a  secretary  general 
and  an  assistant  secretary  general.  Certain  members  of  the  executive 
committee  have  been  designated  to  act  as  chairmen  of  the  nine  program 
sections  of  the  congress.  These  sections  are  as  follows : 
I.  Anthropology. 
II.  Astronomy,  meteorology,  and  seismology. 

III.  Conservation  of  natural  resources,  agriculture,  irrigation, 

and  forestry. 

IV.  Education. 
V.  Engineering. 

VI.  International  law,  public  law,  and  jurisprudence. 
VII.  Mining  and  metallurgy,   economic   geology,   and   applied 

chemistry. 
VIII.  Public  health  and  medical  science. 
IX.  Transportation,  commerce,  finance,  and  taxation. 
In  cooperation  with  the  secretary  general  the  organization  of  these 
sections  is  now  being  perfected  in  the  participating  countries,  and  ar- 
rangements are  being  made  for  proper  representation  at  the  congress. 

In  conclusion,  I  beg  to  state  that  this  brief  presentation  as  to  the  nature 
and  importance  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  is  made 
to  you  in  the  belief  that  so  honored  a  body  as  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences  should  be  early  apprised  in  this  formal  way  of  this  great  gather- 
ing of  scientists,  sincerely  trusting  that  your  cooperation  as  a  body  and 
as  individuals  will  be  given  whenever  requested  by  those  who  are  duly 
authorized  to  request  the  same. 

Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 
Assistant  Secretary  General. 

President,  officers,  and  members  of  the  Am-erican  Institute  of  Criminal  Law 
and  Criminology  and  of  the  American  Bar  Association. 
Gentlemen  :  I  am  permitted,  through  the  courtesy  of  the  secretary  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology,  to  convey  to 
your  distinguished  associations  the  greetings  of  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress,  which  will  convene  in  Washington  next  December, 
begirming  its  sessions  Monday,  December  27,  191 5,  and  concluding  the 
same  Saturday,  January  8,  191 6. 


30  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERA^. 

This  congress  has  been  signally  honored.  Through  the  opportunity  it 
affords  of  advancing  science  and  of  establishing,  with  its  emphasis  upon 
international  law,  public  law,  and  jurisprudence,  more  intimate  relations 
among  the  republics  of  the  Western  Hemisphere,  the  Secretary  of  State 
by  act  of  Congress  is  given  authority  to  officially  provide  for  proper  repre- 
sentation at  the  Congress.  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  Hon.  Wiluam 
PhiIvIvIPS  is  chairman  ex  officio  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Scientific 
Congress.  The  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  of  which 
the  Secretary  of  State  is  ex  officio  chairman,  hg.s  permitted  Director 
General  John  Barrett  to  accept  the  responsible  commission  of  secretary 
general  of  the  congress,  and  has  authorized  the  use  of  its  handsome 
building  for  the  offices  and  sessions  of  the  congress. 

The  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  was  held  in  Santiago.Chile, 
in  1908.  This  congress  was  the  outgrowth  of  several  scientific  congresses 
that  had  been  held  in  the  Latin- American  RepubHcs.  With  the  generous 
conviction  that  the  United  States  should  participate  in  an  undertaking  of 
this  character,  the  Chilean  Congress  was  enlarged  in  order  to  include  the 
United  States.  Our  country  was  represented  on  this  occasion  by  official 
delegates  chosen  from  among  our  leading  publicists,  scientists,  and 
scholars.  The  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  expressed  its 
appreciation  of  this  participation  by  designating  in  a  manner  entirely 
voluntary  and  unsolicited  the  capital  of  the  United  States  as  the  next 
place  of  meeting.  In  view  of  this  generous  interest,  it  is  most  desirable 
that  we  show  now  our  appreciation  of  the  same  by  our  earnest  efforts  to 
cooperate  with  the  executive  committee  in  charge  of  the  congress,  its 
officers  and  committees,  to  make  this  congress  the  greatest  of  all  Pan 
American  gatherings. 

Particular  importance  attaches  itself  at  this  time  to  a  deliberative 
congress  df  this  character.  The  present  European  war  has  precipitated 
many  problems,  the  solution  of  which,  in  every  respect  satisfactory  to  the 
United  States,  depends  upon  the  earnest  and  immediate  concern  of  the 
publicists  of  our  country.  While  science  is  most  broadly  defined  by  the 
congress,  including  under  its  nine  main  divisions  such  subjects  as  anthro- 
pology, meteorology,  engineering,  commerce,  and  finance,  the  main  inter- 
est in  the  congress  to  your  associations  will  be  in  Section  VI  on  interna- 
tional law,  public  law,  and  jurisprudence,  of  which  Dr.  James  Brown 
Scott,  secretary  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace, 
and  member  of  the  executive  committee,  is  chairman.  The  leading  Pan 
American  scientific  and  learned  associations  and  educational  institutions 
have  been  invited  to  be  represented  by  delegates  and  writers  of  papers. 


REPORT  OF  THB  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  3 1 

Nineteen  participating  Governments  are  perfecting  at  this  writing  their 
organizations. 

It  is  singularly  fortunate  at  this  time  that  Washington  is  to  be  the 
meeting  place  of  this  congress.  The  Pan  American  Union,  to  which  the 
United  States  as  a  participating  member  looks  with  pride,  makes  Wash- 
ington in  a  sense  the  capital  of  Pan  America.  I  beg,  therefore,  in  con- 
clusion, in  presenting  this  brief  statement  concerning  the  nature  and 
importance  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  to  your 
honored  bodies,  to  express  the  hope  that,  as  associations  and  as  indi- 
viduals, you  will  lend  your  highly  valued  cooperation  whenever  requested, 
in  order  that  this  Pan  American  meeting  of  scientists  and  publicists  may 
create  through  their  labors  a  rational  and  practicable  Pan  Americanism 
that  should  prove  mutually  beneficial  to  all  of  the  Republics  that  are  now 
sincerely  striving  to  establish  relations  of  commerce  and  culture  based  on 
solid  ties  of  friendship  and  esteem. 

Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 
Assistant  Secretary  General. 

CIRCULAR  LETTER  TO  THE  PRESS. 

[Prepared  by  Dr.  GlEN  Levin  Swiggett,  Assistant  Secretary  General.] 

The  Republics  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  present  to-day  in  relation  to 
each  other  a  very  interesting  spectacle,  even  to  disinterested  persons. 
Apparently  novel  situations  and  conditions  have  arisen  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  European  war.  Men  of  business  are  talking  through- 
out this  Western  World  of  a  Pan  American  solidarity.  They  speak  of  it 
as  if  it  were  something  that  had  sprung  at  birth,  like  Minerva  or  Venus, 
into  the  full  power  of  life,  incident  to  the  outbreak  of  this  war.  Public 
men  and  scholars,  however,  of  this  Western  World,  students  of  the 
history  of  these  countries,  know  that  events  have  been  shaping  them- 
selves for  years,  even  for  centuries,  in  the  Americas,  for  the  creating  of 
a  new-world  message,  the  source  of  which  is  in  the  self-consciousness  of  a 
new- world  group;  of  a  group  of  young  nations  with  their  sacred  duty  of 
repairing  through  union  exercised  with  patience,  zeal,  and  sympathy  the 
ravages  wrought  by  war  in  the  fields  of  commerce  and  science. 

Pan  Americanism  is  no  longer  the  dream  of  a  Monroe  or  a  Bolivar,  to 
whom  the  beginnings  of  this  new  alliance  were  foreshadowed  by  Destiny 
in  the  interlaced  gropings  and  wanderings  along  the  coasts  and  in  the 
interior  of  the  two  continents,  of  splendid  conquistadores  like  Pinzon  y 
Solis,  Narvaez,  Cabeza  de  Vaca,  De  Soto,  Balboa,  Cortez,  and  Pizarro 
The  publicists,  scholars,  and  scientists  of  these  Western  Republics,  con 
48192—17 3 


33  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

scious  of  a  new  birth,  must,  with  the  men  of  business,  commerce,  and 
finance,  observe  things  from  a  larger  viewpoint,  from  the  vantage  of  a 
new  internationalism.  A  larger  comity  of  commerce  and  culture  will 
ensue  from  this  through  the  natural  increase  of  the  same  in  the  participat- 
ing republics.  Actuated,  perhaps,  at  first  by  egoistic  motives,  the  sense 
of  mutual  service  in  international  relations  will  spur  these  countries  on  to 
offer  some  day  to  a  larger  unit,  perhaps  a  unit  that  may  comprise  all  the 
nations  of  the  world,  the  lessons  that  they  will  now  learn  as  members  of 
the  young  and  novel  Pan  American  group. 

If  this  be  true,  too  great  emphasis  can  not  be  put  upon  the  importance 
of  the  Pan  American  conferences  that  are  taking  place  this  year;  and 
particularly  upon  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  that  will 
convene  in  Washington,  the  capital  of  the  United  States,  beginning 
December  27,  191 5,  and  concluding  its  sessions  on  January  8,  191 6. 
Through  the  splendid  cooperation  of  the  Latin  American  countries  the 
Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  to  be  held  under  the  auspices 
of  the  United  States  Government  through  the  Department  of  State,  bids 
fair  to  be  not  only  thus  far  the  greatest  Pan  American  congress  but  the 
most  important  international  scientific  gathering  ever  held  in  the  United 
States.  The  first  congress  of  this  name  was  held  in  Santiago,  Chile,  in 
1908.  It  had  its  origin  in  earlier  Latin  American  scientific  congresses; 
and  at  the  time  of  the  Santiago  Congress  was  enlarged  through  the 
generous  action  of  the  Latin  American  countries  to  include  the  United 
States.  This  congress  was  well  attended  by  visiting  delegates  from  the 
United  States.  On  its  adjournment,  entirely  unsolicited  on  the  part  of 
the  latter,  Washington  was  designated  as  the  place  of  meeting  of  the 
second  congress. 

This  congress  should  have,  at  this  time,  a  singular  appeal  to  the  Pan 
American  Republics;  it  does  have  to  the  United  States  through  the  honor 
conferred  in  designating  Washington  as  the  place  of  meeting.  As  men- 
tioned above,  the  present  European  war  has  brought  the  Western  Hemi- 
sphere suddenly  face  to  face  with  grave  economic  problems  that  invite 
the  serious  attention  of  scientists  and  experts  in  the  various  fields  of 
applied  science.  The  Scientific  Congress  will  concern  itself  with  the  con- 
structive discussion  of  these  as  well  as  with  contributions  in  the  domain 
of  pure  science,  wherein  great  advance  has  been  made  since  the  last 
congress  in  Santiago.  Science  is  comprehensively  defined  by  the  con- 
gress and  includes  under  nine  heads  such  main  subjects  as:  Anthropology; 
astronomy,  meteorology,  and  seismology;  agriculture  and  natural  re- 
sources; education;  engineering;  international  and  public  law;  mining, 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERA!,,  33 

geology,  and  chemistry;  public  health  and  medical  science;  and  transpor- 
tation, commerce,  and  finance. 

The  significance  of  the  congress,  through  the  importance  of  the  above 
subjects,  is  greatly  enhanced  through  the  reputation  of  the  persons 
chosen  to  arrange  for  the  program  of  its  different  sections,  many  of 
whom  have  an  intimate  acquaintance  as  well  with  the  local  resources, 
development,  and  scientific  interest  of  the  various  Pan  American  coun- 
tries. The  executive  committee  of  the  congress  is  made  up  largely  of 
the  distinguished  delegates  from  the  United  States  to  the  First  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress.  Among  those  chosen  to  share  in  its  labors 
of  organizing  and  arranging  for  the  congress,  and  of  making  adequate  prep- 
arations for  representation  by  delegates  and  writers  of  papers  are  Wii,- 
LiAM  Philups,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  and  John  Barrett,  Direc- 
tor General  of  the  Pan  American  Union.  Mr.  Barrett  has  also  generously 
accepted  the  active  commission  of  secretary  general  of  the  congress, 
the  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union  having  permitted  him 
to  serve  the  congress  in*  this  capacity  at  the  request  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States  and  the  Secretary  of  State.  Dr.  GlEn  Levin  Swig- 
GETT,  student  of  Latin  American  affairs,  was  given  leave  of  absence  by 
his  university  to  accept  the  post  of  assistant  secretary  general.  The 
governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union  showed  further  its  great 
interest  in  the  success  of  the  congress  by  authorizing  the  use  of  the 
beautiful  Pan  American  Union  building  for  the  offices  and  general  ses- 
sions of  the  Congress.  A  small  staff  has  been  busily  engaged  since  last 
March  in  perfecting  plans  for  the  congress.  The  executive  committee, 
cooperating  with  the  Department  of  State  and  the  Pan  American  Union, 
have  authorized  a  procedure  more  or  less  common  in  all  of  the  partici- 
pating RepubUcs,  modified  naturally  by  exigencies  peculiar  to  the  various 
countries.  In  addition  to  the  official  delegates  to  be  appointed  to  rep- 
resent the  different  Governments,  the  leading  learned  and  scientific  so- 
cieties and  educational  institutions  have  been  invited  to  be  represented 
at  this  congress  by  delegates,  writers  of  papers,  etc.  All  writers  of 
papers  and  members  of  committees  are  to  be  considered  likewise  mem- 
bers of  the  congress.  The  executive  committee,  through  the  Depart- 
ment of  State,  has  requested  each  of  the  participating  countries  to  ap- 
point a  committee  to  cooperate  with  it  in  securing  a  large  and  able  dele- 
gation. These  cooperating  committees  in  all  of  the  countries  are  urged 
to  select  immediately  topics  from  the  preliminary  program  of  the  con- 
gress, issued  in  English,  Portuguese,  and  Spanish,  and  distributed 
throughout  Pan  America,  and  to  designate  writers  for  the  same  to  the 


34  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

executive  committee  through  the  secretary  general  of  the  congress.  It 
is  earnestly  hoped  that  these  committees  as  they  are  appointed  will 
speedily  convey  to  the  secretary  general  lists  of  writers  for  all  of  the 
special  Pan  American  topics  which  the  congress  hopes  to  discuss  in  a 
series  of  Pan  American  conferences.  Each  country  is  asked  to  name 
some  one  to  discuss  each  of  the  topics.  There  will  be  at  least  one  topic 
for  each  of  the  nine  sections  of  the  congress,  and  in  some  sections  one 
for  each  of  the  subsections. 

The  executive  committee  and  the  Department  of  State  of  the  United 
States,  through  the  organization  officers,  are  seriously  engaged  in  mak- 
ing adequate  preparations  to  make  this  scientific  congress  worthy  of 
the  participating  countries,  whose  scholarly  interest  in  the  arts  and  sci- 
ences of  peace  is  singularly  felicitous  at  this  writing.  Time  and  place 
are  in  happy  conjunction.  Washington  will  offer  unusual  advantages  for 
a  congress  of  this  nature.  It  enjoys  an  enviable  reputation  among  the 
world  capitals  for  the  keen  scientific  interest  and  investigation  in  its 
various  Federal  bureaus,  the  varied  and  extensive  nature  of  its  libraries 
and  museums,  the  beauty  of  its  buildings  and  the  growing  importance 
of  detached  but  semiofficial  institutions  and  bureaus  engaged  in  work  of 
international  scope.  Among  these  none  occupies  a  position  of  greater  im- 
portance than  the  Pan  American  Union,  whose  building  is,  in  a  sense,  the 
Capitol  of  Pan  America;  of  which  institution  one  may  be  permitted  to 
say  that  it  has  doubtless  done  more  than  any  other  one  American  in  the 
establishment  of  commercial  comity  among  the  republics  of  the  western 
world;  whose  good  fortune  it  has  also  bieen  to  see  through  the  seeming 
accident  of  war  the  potential  promise  of  its  great  work  becoming  realized 
so  soon. 

DETAILS  OF  THE  ORGANIZATION. 

The  labors  of  organization  of  the  Scientific  Congress  were  carried  on 
by  the  executive  officers  at  the  Pan  American  Union.  A  small  staff, 
consisting  of  two  stenographers,  two  clerks,  and  a  messenger,  served 
the  assistant  secretary  general  in  charge  up  to  November  15.  After  that 
date  the  staff  of  clerks  and  translators  increased  rapidly.  Abstracts 
of  over  half  of  the  papers  presented  were  made  and  translated  into 
Spanish  or  English.  Five  hundred  copies  of  each  abstract  were  printed 
for  distribution  at  the  time  of  the  congress.  Many  complete  sets  of 
abstracts,  remaining  on  hand  at  the  time  of  adjournment,  have  since 
been  mailed  to  leading  public,  association,  and  college  libraries  in  the 
different  countries  and  will  be  found  of  great  value  in  lieu  of  the  posses- 
sion of  a  set  of  the  printed  proceedings.     On  the  eve  of  the  congress 


REPORT  OF  THB   SBCRETARY  GENERAL.  35 

there  had  been  likewise  prepared  for  print  and  distribution  handsome 
programs  of  the  different  sections  of  the  congress,  information  circulars, 
lists  of  the  personnel  and  adhering  institutions,  etc.  Revised  editions 
of  these  several  publications  were  issued  at  various  times  during  the 
sessions  of  the  congress.  Final  and  corrected  lists  are  now  published  in 
the  Report  of  the  Final  Act  and  the  Report  of  the  Secretary  General. 

The  Scientific  Congress,  owing  to  its  magnitude  and  international 
character,  was  compelled  to  engage,  beginning  with  December  i,  the 
services  of  a  very  large  staff.  This  staff  included  assistant  secretaries 
and  corresponding  or  assistant  section  secretaries,  representing  the  assist- 
ant secretary  general  in  charge,  social  aides,  publicity  staff,  financial 
agent,  information  bureau  service,  translators,  interpreters,  reporting 
and  clerical  stenographers,  typists,  messengers,  etc.  Prior  to  the  time 
of  engaging  this  large  force  of  more  than  200  persons,  certain  members  of 
the  staff  of  the  Pan  American  Union  and  of  the  Department  of  State 
generously  contributed  their  services  and  ably  assisted  the  work  of 
organization. 

The  names  of  the  assistant  secretaries  appointed  on  the  eve  of  the 
congress  and  the  respective  duties  to  which  they  were  assigned  are : 
Harry  Erwin  Bard,  secretary  Pan  American  Society  of   the  United 

States,  in  charge  of  translators  and  interpreters. 
J.  D.  Fitz-Gerald,  assistant  professor  romance  languages,  University  of 

Illinois,  in  charge  of  stenographic  staff. 
Stedman  Hanks,  Department  of  State,  in  charge  of  social  entertainments. 
John  Vavasour  Noel,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  charge  of  printing  and 

editor  in  chief  of  the  Daily  Bulletin. 
Maddin  Summers,  State  Department,  in  charge  of  reception  of  Latin 

American  delegates. 
Benito  Javier  PeJrEz-Verdia,  Pan  American  Union,  in  charge  of  regis- 
tration of  Latin  American  delegates. 
Lorimer  C.  Graham,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  charge  of  meeting  places. 
Woodson  P.  Houghton,  instructor  of  romance  languages,  Washington 
and  Lee  University,  Lexington,  Va.,  in  charge  of  pages  and  mes- 
sengers. 
The  names  of  the  corresponding  secretaries  and  the  sections  to  which 
they  were  assigned  are  as  follows: 
Section  I-H.  AngEL  Ce;sar  Rivas,  Pan  American  Union,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
Section     IH.  Charles  W.  Sutton,  consulting  civil  engineer,  80  Maiden 
Lane,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


36  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Section     IV.  Guii^lERMo    A.    Sherwell,    33    Schermerhorn    Street, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Section       V.  Alberto  Smith,  Banco  Nacional,  La  Habana,  Cuba. 
Section     VI.  A.  Gonzales  Lamas,  1337  L  Street  NW.,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
Section    VII.  Antonio  Llano,  104^  Park  Avenue,  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Section  VIII.  Dr.  A.  L.  Guerra,  The  Albemarle,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Section     IX.  H.  N.  Branch,  2233  Eighteenth  Street  NW.,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
Efficient  and  invaluable  services  were  rendered  at  the  time  of  the  con- 
gress by  the  ladies  and  gentlemen  acting  as  social  aides.  The  members 
of  this  staff  were  subdivided  into  delegation  aides  for  men  and  delegation 
aides  for  women.  Their  names,  with  their  respective  chief  and  directress, 
follow : 

Delegation  Aides  (Men). 

Boaz  W.  Long,  chief  of  aides. 

Belden,  Perry,  aide  to  the  Haitian  and  Nicaraguan  delegations. 

Belfort,  E.,  aide  at  large. 

Chamberlain,  George  A.,  aide  to  the  Brazilian  delegation. 

Chandler,  Charles  L.,aide  to  the  Uruguayan  delegation. 

CoRONADO,  J.  M.,  aide  at  large. 

CosTiGAN,  Ignatius  J.,  aide  to  the  Peruvian  delegation. 

Davis,  R.  B.,  aide  at  large. 

Dawson,  William,  Jr.,  aide  to  the  Argentine  delegation. 

Eder,  Phanor  J.,  aide  at  large. 

Griffin,  William  V.,  aide  at  large. 

GuYER,  George  V.,  aide  to  the  Mexican  delegation. 

HazeltinE,  Ross,  aide  to  the  Venezuelan  delegation. 

Heath,  John,  aide  to  the  Bolivian  and  Panamanian  delegations. 

Heimke,  William,  aide  to  the  Guatemalan  and  Salvadorian  delegations. 

Henderson,  John  B.,  aide  to  the  Chilean  and  Paraguayan  delegations. 

HoNAKER,  Samuel  W.,  aide  to  the  Brazilian  delegation. 

Johnson,  Stewart,  aide  to  the  Dominican  delegation. 

Klein,  Julius,  aide  to  the  Nicaraguan  delegation. 

Martin,  Mahlon  C,  Jr.,  aide  to  the  Colombian  delegation. 

Robertson,  William  H.,  aide  to  the  Argentine  delegation. 

Rodgers,  James  L.,  aide  to  the  Cuban  delegation. 

ScheelER,  I.  F.,  aide  at  large. 

Snyder,  Alb  an  G.,  aide  to  the  Honduran  delegation. 

Starrett,  Henry  P.,  aide  at  large. 


REPORT   OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  37 

Thompson,  Arthur  R.,  aide  to  the  Cuban  delegation. 
Van  Dyke,  Harry  W.,  aide  to  the  Costa  Rican  delegation. 
Wilcox,  Walter  D.,  aide  to  the  Chilean  delegation. 

Delegation  Aides  (Women). 

Mrs.  Francisco  J.  YanES,  directress,  the  Oakland,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  EsTrella  Amores,  1 531  I  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  C.  L.  G.  Anderson,  the  Marlborough,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Teresa  Long  Anderson,  1725  H  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  Catherine  Birney,  8  East  Kirk  Street,  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

Miss  Amelia  C^spEdes,  the  Burlington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  Hortensia  Coronado,  the  Albemarle,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  IsAURA  Cortina,  1417  K  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  Bertha  Cuervo,  the  Burlington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  T.  C.  Dawson,  181 6  Nineteenth  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  Mercedes  Godoy,  1715  Q  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Joseph  Hampson,  the  Dresden,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Alfredo  Monsanto,  the  Oakland,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Ely  Palmer,  10  Bradley  Lane,  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

Miss  AdELA  M.  RivERO,  1334  Columbia  Road,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  Adrana  Sariol,  the  Burlington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miss  Maude  J.  Scruggs,  the  Marlborough,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Robert  VoreELD,  the  Wyoming,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Harold  Walker,  8  East  Kirk  Street.  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

Mrs.  Maddin  Summers. 

The  following  members  comprised  the  official  interpreting  staff : 
Alva,  Martinez  de,  chief  of  staff.  Catholic  University,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Borba,  Joao,  Hyattsville,  Md. 
Chevalier,  Alejander,  164  West  One  hundred  and  twenty-second  Street, 

New  York,  N.  Y. 
Ealcolner,  Ronald,  McAlpin  Hotel,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Guardia,  Jaime  de  la,  370  Manhattan  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Gutierrez  Canedo,  Francisco. 
Gutierrez  Canedo,  Luis. 

Hoctor,  Frank  A.,  1698  Third  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Iturralde,  Santiago,  601  West  One  hundred  and  sixty-eighth  Street,  New 

York,  N.  Y. 
Kroll,  Robert  B.,  Livingston  Hall,  Columbia  University,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Lacalle,  Luis  Moreno,  Brookland,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Molina,  Alfredo,  Catholic  University,  Washington,  D,  C. 


38  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Molina,  P.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Moraes,  Jose  C,  Hyattsville,  Md. 

Osmena,  Mariano,  care  New  York  Steam  Co.,  140  Cedar  Street,  New 

York,  N.  Y. 
Passarelli,  Luis  A.,  Columbia  University,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Rivero,  Horace  M.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Santoni,  Pierre  J.,  St.  James  apartment,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Tartt,  P.  B.,  Leonia,  N.  J. 
Tinoco,  Arturo,  425  West  One  hundred  and  eighteenth  Street,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
Wright,  Leavitt  Olds,  600  West  One  hundred  and  twenty-second  Street, 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  translating  stafif  of  the  congress  comprised  the  following: 
Alvarez  del  Vayo,  Julio. 
Amaud,  Leopold. 

Baralt,  Luis  A.,  Jr.,  Har\'^ard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Barbarrosa,  Mercedes,  212  West  Eighty-fifth  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Cajigas  Moreu,  Tomds,  905  Thirteenth  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Concepci6n,  S.,  906  Twelfth  Street  NW.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Corley,  A.  H.,  815  Orange  Street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Coronado,  Enrique,  The  Albemarle,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Cowen,  Maurice,  872  East  One  hundred  and  eighty-first  Street,  New 

York,  N.  Y. 
Cruchaga  Ossa,  Enrique,  Pan  American  Union,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Ellas,  Alfredo,  544  West  One  hundred  and  fifty-seventh  Street,  New 

York.  N.  Y. 
Feijoo,  Antonio,  735  West  Saratoga  Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Gonzalez,  Avelino. 

Guerra,  Gustavo,  The  Albemarle,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Gutierrez  Canedo,  E.,  735  West  Saratoga  Street,  Baltimore,  Md.' 
Lacalle,  Julian  M.,  United  States  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 
Lara,  Javier,  2025  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Lockey,  Joseph  B.,  2940  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Meza,  Jos^  A.,  2523  Fourteenth  Street  NW.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Rojas,  F.  V. 

Rivera  Rosas,  Luis,  Dunsmere,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Stand  Ximenes,  Fernando,  353  West  One  hundred  and  twenty-third 

Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Viera,  Rafael,  care  of  La  Prensa,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  scientific  congress  published  during  its  sessions  a  daily  record  of  its 
proceedings,      "the  Daily  Bulletin,  as  it  was  called,  was  printed  in  11 


REPORT  Olf  Tim   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 


39 


issues.  The  editor  in  chief,  John  Vavasour  Noel,  was  ably  assisted  by 
Earl  Hamilton  Smith  and  J.  Moreno  Lacalle.  The  Daily  Bulletin,  hand- 
somely printed  and  illustrated,  was  issued  in  both  English  and  Spanish. 
The  publicity  department  of  the  congress  was  in  charge  of  T.  H.  Simpson, 
representing  the  National  Organization  News  Service  of  Washington. 
This  news  service  employed  its  own  staff.  The  disbursing  and  purchas- 
ing agent  of  the  congress  was  Miss  Virginia  H.  Wood,  of  the  Pan  Ameri- 
can Union.  Miss  Wood  was  assisted  by  Capt.  H.  E.  Mitchell,  of  the  Pan 
American  Union  and  L.  M.  Snowden,  chief  clerk  and  disbursing  officer  of 
the  International  (Canadian)  Boundary  Commission.  The  latter  served 
during,  and  for  a  short  period  subsequent  to  the  adjournment  of,  the 
congress.  The  contract  for  official  reporting  was  made  with  the  Florence 
Fisher  Co.  Miss  Fisher  was  in  charge  of  her  own  privately  engaged  staff. 
The  information  bureau,  established  in  the  Red  Room  of  the  New  Willard 
Hotel  at  the  time  of  the  congress,  was  in  charge  of  W.  U.  Hutterly,  of 
the  Division  of  Accounts,  Department  of  State. 

The  following  list  comprises  the  names  of  members  of  the  staff  engaged 
for  a  varying  period  of  service  and  for  the  customary  office  service  not 
otherwise  mentioned : 


Ashbridge,  Edith. 
Ashton,  Arthur  E. 
Bartlett,  Ada  M. 
Bathon,  Wingrove. 
Beall,  Dorothy. 
Becker,  Morris. 
Bendz,  Florence. 
Bernard,  Helena. 
Bocock,  Annabelle  H. 
Bollinger,  Helen. 
Branch,  Benjamin. 
Branch,  Millicent. 
Bright,  Elsie  A. 
Brown,  E.  P. 
Castillo,  Domingo. 
Clark,  Ethel. 
Connor,  Mary  A. 
Com)ai,  J.  H. 
Coronado,  Daniel. 
Couch,  Emma. 
Davis,  Ethel. 


Davis,  James. 
Delaney,  Amanda  Fay. 
Doleman,  Clarence. 
Doss,  J.  B. 
Edwards,  Bland. 
Ehrlich,  J.  E. 
Ehrlich,  Samuel. 
Eichelberger,  Caroline  H. 
Evans,  Hope. 
Fenwick,  John  E. 
Finney,  Mary  C. 
Fuller,  B.  L. 

Gaver  [ ]. 

Greene,  Lucy  A. 
Griffith,  Harry  B. 
Guasp,  Felipe. 
Harrington,  Helen. 
Hirschman,  George  F. 
Horgan,  C.  J. 
Home,  Helen. 
Hunter,  Mary. 


40 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAl,. 


Kerper,  Earl. 
Klapp,  D.  C. 
Kolb,  WiUiam  J. 
Lamore,  Burton  H. 
Maus,  Lester  A. 
McCeney,  Mrs.  Sidney. 
McDonough,  Anna. 
McElhone,  Mary  E. 
Milne,  Elise. 
Moore,  EHzabeth  B. 
Monahan,  Elizabeth  C. 
Morais,  S.  C. 
Mundell,  Blanche. 
Pegg,  Nina  E. 
Pellett,  M.  E. 
Phillips,  Ann  M. 
Phillips,  Gertrude  G. 
Prieto,  Manuel,  jr. 
Randolph,  John. 
Reed,  Daisy. 
Roy,  Helen  M. 
Routledge,  Grady. 


Sharp,  Jessie  B. 
Smeltzer,  Robert  H. 
Smith,  Catharine. 
Soter,  George  F.,  jr. 
Stevens,  Edith  M. 
Sweet,  Harriet  M. 
Tammero,  Elizabeth. 
Taylor,  W.  R.  P. 
Thompson,  Alice  C. 
Thonvarth,  Estella. 
Thorwarth,  Laura. 
Thorwarth,  Viola. 
Tunstall,  F.  Marie. 
Tunstall,  John  L. 
Tyree,  Victor. 
Vitan,  A. 
Ward,  Mary. 
Weaver,  Harry. 
Wells,  Leora. 
W^hitney,  Mildred. 
Wright,  M.  S. 


A  corps  of  uniformed  cadets  from  the  Central  High  School  of  Wash- 
ington served  as  special  pages  under  the  command  of  Maj.  Wood.  These 
pages  were  stationed  during  the  session  of  the  congress  at  the  various 
hotels  and  meeting  places.  The  names  of  this  company  of  young  cadets 
are  as  follows:  « 


Maj.  Karl  D.  Wood. 
Capt.  Herbert  M.  Jones. 
Capt.  J.  M.  Belcher. 
Capt.  L.  W.  Turoff. 
Capt.  W.  K.  Wilbur. 
First  Lieut.  H.  H.  Dewhirst. 
First  Lieut.  R.  L.  Faris. 
First  Lieut.  W.  J.  Flood. 
First  Lieut.  Douglas  Starr. 
Second  Lieut.  W.  C.  Bennett. 
Second  Lieut.  Lewis  Greenberg. 
Second  Lieut.  F.  J.  Harbaugh. 
First  Sergt.  J.  H.  Alden. 
First  Sergt.  D.  R.  Tallman. 


Second  Sergt.  W.  E.  Shoults. 
Second  Sergt.  W.  R.  Stokes. 
Second  Sergt.  H.  S.  Torbert. 
Second  Sergt.  L.  L.  Siegel. 
Third  Sergt.  H.  Cissel. 
Third  Sergt.  R.  K.  Day. 
Third  Sergt.  Isaac  Lord. 
Third  Sergt.  Silvan  Reichgut. 
Fourth  Sergt.  R.  V.  Moore. 
Fourth  Sergt.  Raymond  Stein. 
Fourth  Sergt.  K.  W.  Clark. 
Fifth  Sergt.  V.  Beauchamp. 
Fifth  Sergt.  L.  C.  Randall. 
Fifth  Sergt.  T.  L.  Stimson. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  4 1 

UST  OF  SUBSTITUTES. 

Corpl.  H.  H.  Hendricks.  Corpl.  M.  Wiegand. 

Corpl.  M.  Protas.  Corpl.  R.  E.  Meeds. 

Corpl.  M.  Wolfe.  Corpl.  R.  Turoff. 

Corpl.  T.  A.  Tekofsky.  Corpl.  J.  M.  England. 

Corpl.  P.  Bickford.  Corpl.  E.  G.  Smith. 
Corpl.  J.  G.  Sharf. 

The  official  headquarters  of  the  scientific  congress  were  established  at 
the  time  of  the  congress  in  the  New  Willard  Hotel.  The  several  sections 
had,  in  addition,  sectional  headquarters  as  follows: 

Section        I.  New  National  Museum. 

Section      II.  Carnegie  Institution. 

Section     III.  Raleigh  Hotel. 

Section     IV.  New  Willard  Hotel. 

Section       V.  Raleigh  Hotel. 

Section     VI.  Shoreham  Hotel. 

Section   VII.  Raleigh  Hotel. 

Section  VIII.  The  New  Ebbitt  Hotel. 

Section     IX.  New  Willard  Hotel. 
The  members  of  the  congress  had  at  their  disposal  private  postal, 
express,  banking,  telegram,  and  telephone  service  at  the  official  head- 
quarters. 

The  editorial  office  of  the  Daily  Bulletin,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Noel;  the 
information  bureau,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Hutterly;  the  bureau  of  registra- 
tion of  delegates  from  the  United  States,  in  charge  of  Mrs.  Emma  Couch 
and  Miss  Mary  Ward,  were  located  in  the  red  room.  The  registration 
of  delegates  from  Latin  America,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Perez-Verdia,  took 
place  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  general  and  the  assistant  secretary 
general  in  the  blue  room.  The  quarters  of  the  executive  committee  of 
organization,  the  executive  committee  of  the  congress,  and  the  official 
delegation  of  the  United  States  were  established  on  the  first  floor.  On 
this  floor  in  adjoining  rooms  were  also  located  the  offices  of  the  organ- 
izing secretary  of  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Conference,  the  assistant  secre- 
taries in  charge  of  social  entertainment  and  reception  of  Latin  American 
delegates  and  other  bureaus. 

LATIN  AMERICAN  PARTICIPATION. 

The  postponement  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 
necessary  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  created  naturally  some 
embarrassment  to  the  Latin  American  countries  in  the  matter  of  the 


42  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

appointment  of  the  official  delegates  to  represent  these  countries.  Active 
preparations  for  the  congress  to  open  December  27,  1915,  however,  were 
immediately  begun  by  the  Department  of  State  and  the  executive 
committee  of  organization  on  the  appointment  of  the  secretary  general 
and  the  assistant  secretary  general  in  March,  1915.  April  19,  the  hon- 
orable Secretary  of  State  sent  the  following  communication  to  the 
diplomatic  representatives  of  the  United  States  in  the  Latin  American 
countries: 

Department  of  State, 

Washington,  April  ip,  1915. 
To  the  diplomatic  officers  of  the  United  States  accredited  to  Latin  American 

countries. 

Gentlemen:  You  have  received  previous  communications  from  the 
department  in  re  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  which  is 
to  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  Government  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  December  27,  19 15,  to  January  8,  1916.  The  first 
congress,  meeting  in  Santiago,  Chile,  in  1908,  highly  honored  this  Gov- 
ernment by  the  generous  and  unsolicited  act  of  designating  Washington 
as  the  meeting  place  of  the  next  congress.  It  is  desirable,  therefore, 
that  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  the  United  States  to  the  par- 
ticipating foreign  countries  do  all  in  their  power  to  assist  in  making  this 
second  congress  what  it  promises  to  be — a  great  Pan  American  gathering — 
where  not  only  scientific  matters  of  Pan  American  interest  will  be  dis- 
cussed by  the  leading  scientists  of  these  countries,  but  where,  through 
the  character  of  the  persons,  societies,  and  institutions  designated  to 
represent  them,  will  be  established  more  intimate  relations  on  the  basis 
of  a  common  interest  in  science,  culture,  and  economic  progress. 

The  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  in  designating  Washington 
as  the  next  place  of  meeting,  appointed  certain  visiting  delegates  from 
the  United  States  members  of  the  executive  committee,  charged  with  the 
organization  and  procedure  of  the  second  congress.  These  gentlemen, 
with  certain  others  elected  by  them,  constitute  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  The  Hon. 
William  Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  is  chairman  ex 
officio  of  the  executive  committee.  This  executive  committee,  among 
other  duties,  will  appoint  the  honorary  presidents  and  vice  presidents, 
who  are  to  be  selected  from  the  participating  countries.  The  Director 
General  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  Mr.  John  Barrett,  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee,  has  accepted  the  post  of  secretary  general 
of  the  congress,  and  Dr.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  professor  of  romance 
languages  in  the  University  of  Tennessee,  has  been  appointed  assistant 


RBPORT  OP  The  secretary  GENERAt.  43 

secretary  general.  The  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union  has 
signally  complimented  the  congress  by  tendering  the  use  of  its  handsome 
building  for  the  offices  and  sessions  of  the  congress. 

This  Government  has  perfected  its  local  organization.     Proceeding 
under  the  direction  of  the  executive  committee,  in  cooperation  with  the 
secretary  general,  a  committee  has  been  designated  to  invite  preparation 
of  papers  on  topics  of  special  interest  and  pertinent    to    the  subject 
matter  of  the  nine  program  sections.     These  sections  are  as  follows: 
I.  Anthropology; 
II.  Astronomy,  meteorology,  and  seismology; 
III.  Conservation   of   natural   resources,   agriculture,   irrigation, 

and  forestry; 
IV.  Education. 
V.  Engineering. 

VI.  International  law,  public  law,  and  jurisprudence. 
VII.  Mining  and    metallurgy,   economic    geology,    and    applied 
chemistry. 
VIII.  Public  health  and  medical  science. 
IX.  Transportation,  commerce,  finance,  and  taxation. 
Following  my  cablegram  of  instructions  of  the  17th  instant  that  it  is 
most  expedient  that  a  similar  committee,  to  act  as  a  cooperating  commit- 
tee with  the  executive  committee  of  the  United  States,  be  appointed  at 
once  in  the  several  participating  countries,  this  communicaiton  is  sent 
to  you  with  the  request  that  you  urge  the  Government  to  which*  you  are 
accredited  to  appoint,  without  delay,  such  an  executive  or  cooperating 
committee,  if  it  has  not  already  done  so. 

The  members  of  this  committee  should  then  be  immediately  informed 
of  the  urgent  necessity  that  steps  be  taken  at  once  to  see  that  their 
Government  and  country  are  properly  represented  at  the  congress  by 
contributed  papers  and  visiting  delegates.  It  is  hoped  further  that  these 
committees  of  the  several  countries  will  fully  cooperate  with  the  execu- 
tive committee  and  the  secretary  general  of  the  congress  at  Washington 
in  preparing  a  list  of  persons  to  be  invited  to  submit  papers  and  in  making 
sure  that  their  Government  and  country  are  adequately  represented  at 
the  congress  by  persons  chosen  from  among  its  leading  scientific  organiza- 
tions, educational  institutions,  and  learned  societies. 
The  following  persons  will  be  members  of  the  congress: 

I.  The  official  delegates  of  the  Governments  represented. 
II.  The  representatives  of  the  universities,  institutions,  societies 
and  scientific  bodies  of  the  countries  represented. 


44  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI^. 

III.  Such  persons  in  the  countries  participating  in  the   congress 
as  may  be  invited  by  the  executive  committee  with  the 
approval  of  the  Governments  represented  and  their  cooper- 
ating committees. 
There  will  be  forwarded  to  you  immediately  copies  of  the  preliminary 
program  of  the  congress  in  EngHsh  and  Spanish  (or,  in  the  case  of  Brazil, 
English  and  Portuguese),  which  you  are  requested  to  transmit  to  the 
proper  persons.     As  soon  as  a  special  mailing  list  of  individuals  can  be 
prepared  for  the  different  countries,  copies  of  this  program  will  be  for- 
warded directly  to  those  individuals.     You  will  cable  the  names  and 
addresses  of  the  members  of  the  local  cooperating  committee  as  soon  as 
they  shall  have  been  appointed  by  the  Government  to  which  you  are 
accredited.     Such  committees  are  requested,  moreover,  to  communicate 
directly  with  the  secretary  general  of  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Con- 
gress at  the  offices  of  the  congress,  in  the  building  of  the  Pan  American 
Union,  Washington,  D.  C.     If  it  is  found  desirable  to  communicate  with 
the  secretary  general  by  cable,  the  code  address  is  "Pau,  Washington." 
I  am,  gentlemen. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

W.  J.  Bryan. 

LATIN  AMERICAN  REPRESENTATION. 

From,  the  date  of  this  letter  to  December  27,  the  opening  of  the 
congress,  the  chairman  ex  officio  of  the  executive  committee,  Hon. 
William  Phillips,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  representing  the  Depart- 
ment of  State,  and  the  executive  officers  of  the  permanent  executive 
committee  of  organization  were  unremitting  in  their  efforts  to  secure 
a  proper  representation  at  the  congress,  not  only  from  the  United  States, 
but  from  the  Latin  American  countries  in  particular.  The  representation 
from  the  Latin  American  countries  was  greatly  increased  through  the 
generous  action  of  the  executive  officers  of  the  divisions  of  economics 
and  history,  education  and  intercourse,  and  international  law  of  the 
Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace,  in  requesting  the  endow- 
ment to  invite  as  its  guests  to  the  city  of  Washington  at  the  time  of  the 
congress  distinguished  Latin  Americans,  three  from  each  country  to  rep- 
resent each  of  the  three  divisions  of  the  endowment.  Through  this  gen- 
erously extended  hospitality  on  the  part  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment,  the 
Latin  American  representation  exceeded  even  the  highest  hopes  of  the 
executive  committee  of  organization.  While  the  names  of  all  delegates 
are  printed  in  the  general  alphabetical  list  of  the  Final  Act  report,  it  has 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  45 

been  deemed  wise  to  reprint  them  with  different  arrangement  in  Appendix 
A,  page  176  of  the  Report  of  the  Secretary  General  in  order  that  the 
participation  of  the  several  countries  may  be  seen  as  separate  units. 

Arrangements  were  made  through  the  Department  of  State  for  the 
reception  of  delegates  and  others  attending  the  congress  from  the  Latin 
American  countries  on  their  arrival.  Committees  of  reception  were 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  State  in  New  York  and  New  Orleans. 
Letter  of  appointment  from  the  Secretary  of  State  to  Mayor  Mitchel 
of  New  York  City  follows  (similar  letters  were  sent  to  other  persons  in 
New  York  City  and  New  Orleans) : 

Department  of  State, 
Washington,  November  23,  1915. 

Sir:  The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  to  which  all  the 
Latin  American  Republics  will  send  delegates,  will  be  held  in  this  city 
from  December  27,  1915,  to  January  8,  1916.  Between  now  and  then 
many  of  these  delegates  will  pass  through  New  York  City  en  route  to 
Washington,  and  in  order  that  all  proper  courtesies  may  be  extended  to 
them  it  is  proposed  to  create  a  reception  committee  in  New  York  to  meet 
these  distinguished  gentlemen  upon  landing,  to  look  after  their  comfort 
while  there,  and  facilitate  their  journey  to  Washington. 

To  provide  for  this  hospitality  it  has  seemed  best  to  organize  an  execu- 
tive committee  on  reception,  composed  of  representatives  of  yourself 
as  mayor,  the  collector  of  the  port,  the  chamber  of  commerce,  the  Pan 
American  Society  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Carnegie  Endowment, 
with  a  chairman  who  will  act  as  my  personal  representative  on  the  com- 
mittee and  extend  a  welcome  to  the  foreign  delegates  in  my  name. 
Attached  to  this  committee  will  be  miUtary  and  naval  aides.  I  have  asked 
Mr.  J.  C.  Breckinridge  to  serve  as  chairman  of  this  committee  and  to  be 
my  personal  representative,  and  I  will  appreciate  it  if  you  will  designate 
some  one  as  your  personal  representative  to  serve  with  him. 

It  further  seems  advisable  to  organize  a  larger  general  committee  on 
reception,  headed  by  yourself  as  mayor  and  composed  of  men  whose 
names  are  herewith  attached,  and  to  each  of  whom  I  have  addressed  a 
note,  a  copy  of  which  is  inclosed,  inviting  his  cooperation.  It  will  be  the 
particular  duty  of  the  executive  committee  to  meet  the  delegates  on  ar- 
rival, to  give  them  special  attention  while  in  New  York,  and  to  arrange 
for  any  necessary  aid  and  cooperation  by  the  membership  of  the  general 
committee,  of  which  the  executive  committee  will  be  a  part. 

While  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  there  is  no  appropriation  available 
which  can  be  used  in  defraying  expenses  incurred  in  receiving  these 


4^  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI<. 

delegates,  it  is  hoped  that  this  fact  will  not  deprive  the  Government  of 
the  valuable  services  of  yourself  and  the  other  gentlemen  addressed. 

This  great  congress,  although  scientific  in  name,  comprehends  many  of 
the  principal  branches  of  human  activity,  including  such  interesting 
topics  as  commerce,  finance,  transportation,  public  health  and  sanitation, 
mining  and  metallurgy,  international  law,  engineering,  education,  con- 
servation, etc.,  and  indications  now  point  to  a  greater  attendance  of 
representative  Latin  Americans  than  have  ever  before  participated  in 
a  Pan  American  gathering. 

I  am,  sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Robert  Lansing. 

The  names  of  the  members  of  these  committees  were  as  follows: 

IN  NEW  ORLEANS. 

The  mayor  of  New  Orleans,  Hon.  Martin  Behrman. 

Hon.  Lamar  C.  Quintero. 

New  Orleans  Association  of  Commerce. 

IN  NEW  YORK. 

Chairman,     Hon.    John     Purroy    Crowell,  J.  Franklin. 

MiTCHEL,  mayor  of  the  city  of    Cutting,  Robert  Fulton. 

New  York.  Daniels,  Lorenzo. 

Astor,  Vincent.  De  Forrest,  Robert  W. 

Baker,  George  F.,  jr.  Dodge,  Cleveland  H. 

Bannard,  Otto  T.  Dodsworth,  John  A, 

Bard,  Harry  Erwin.  Eder,  Phanor  J. 

Bayne,  William,  jr.  Egbert,  James  C. 

Belmont,  Perry.  Fairchild,  Samuel  W. 

Breckinridge,  John  C.  Fletcher,  Jefferson  B. 

Britt,  PhiUp  J.  Gary,  Elbert  H. 

Brown,  Arthur  J.  Gildersleeve,  Virginia. 

Brown,  Franklin  Q.  Goldsmith,  Peter  H. 

Brown,  James.  Grace,  J.  P. 

Burleigh,  George  W.  Guiteras,  Ramon. 

Butler,  Nicholas  Murray.  Hemphill,  Alexander  J. 

Choate,  Joseph  H.  Henna,  Charles. 

Colt,  Samuel  P.  Hepburn,  A.  Barton. 

Cooper,  George.  Ingraham,  George  L. 

Coxe,  Alfred  G.  Kearny,  Thomas, 


REPORT  Ol?  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,. 


47 


Kelly,  J.  W. 
Kingsley,  Darwin  P. 
I^amont,  Thomas  W. 
Lewis,  Harrison  C. 
Lewis,  William  E. 
Low,  Seth. 

Mallet-Prevost,  Severe. 
Malone,  Dudley  Field. 
Marks,  Marcus  W. 
Marshall,  H.  Snowden. 
Mathewson,  Douglas. 
McAneny,  George. 
McMillan,  Emerson. 
Mezes,  Sidney. 
Morgan,  William  Fellows. 
Motley,  James  M. 
Munsey,  Frank. 
North,  S.  N.  D. 
Ochs,  Adolph. 
Osborn,  Henry  Fairchild. 
Osbom,  William  Church. 
Outerbridge,  E.  G. 
Peck,  William  E. 
Perkins,  George  H. 
Pounds,  Lewis  H. 
Prendergast,  William. 
Price,  Joseph  M. 
Pritchett,  Henry  S. 
Pulitzer,  Ralph. 


Reick,  William  C. 
Reid,  Ogden  M. 
Rousseau,  Theodore. 
Rumely,  E. 
Sabin,  Charles  H. 
Schiff,  Jacob  H. 
Schiff,  Mortimer  L. 
Schwab,  Charles  M. 
Seligman,  Isaac  N. 
Sherrill,  Chas.  H. 
Slocum,  Thomas  W. 
Smith,  R.  A.  C. 
Speyer,  James. 
Stetson,  Francis  Lynde. 
Straight,  Willard. 
Strauss,  Frederic. 
Strauss,  Oscar  S. 
Tennant,  John  H, 
Van  Antwerp,  William. 
Vanderbilt,  Cornelius. 
Vanderlip,  Frank  A. 
Villard,  Oswald  G. 
Warburg,  Felix  M. 
Ward,  Cabot. 
Wickersham,  George  W. 
Wiggin,  Albert  H. 
Wilson,  George  T. 
Winthrop,  Beekman. 
Wright,  Henry  J. 


The  executive  committee  of  organization  accompanied  by  aides  of  the 
Departments  of  War  and  Navy,  Capt.  Powell  Clayton,  General  Staff, 
United  States  Army  and  Lieut.  Rufus  King,  Office  of  Naval  Intelli- 
gence, United  States  Navy,  acted  as  a  reception  committee  to  receive 
the  guests  on  arrival  at  Washington. 

The  printed  proceedings  of  the  second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 
will  contain  the  papers  presented  in  full  and  a  brief  stenographic  re- 
port of  the  discussions  and  deliberations  of  all  sectional  and  subsectional 
meetings.  The  Report  of  the  Final  Act,  English  edition,  contains  in  ad- 
dition to  the  subject  matter  hitherto  mentioned  the  resolutions  and 
recommendations  of  the  congress,  pages  26-40,  and  the  very  able  and 
48192—17 4 


48  REPORt  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL,. 

instructive  commentar)'  on  these  resolutions  and  recommendations  pre- 
pared b)'  ihe  following  committee: 

James  Brown  Scott,  United  States  of  America,  chairman. 

Ernesto  Quesada,  ex  officio  chairman  committee  on  resolutions. 

Julio  Philippi,  ex  officio  chairman  committee  on  recommendations. 

Alberto  Gutierrez,  Bolivia. 

EusEBio  Ay  ALA,  Paraguay. 
This  commenLary  is  found  in  the  Final  Act  report,  pages  51-154. 

PLENARY  SESSIONS. 

Conforming  to  established  and  well-recognized  procedure  of  the  scien- 
tific congresses,  great  pains  were  taken  to  make  the  plenary  sessions  of 
the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  worthy  of  the  occasion. 
The  beautiful  building  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Memorial  Continental  Hall,  adjoining  the  Pan  American  Union  on  Seven- 
teenth Street,  was  kindly  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Scientific  Congress 
for  these  sessions  by  the  executive  officers  of  that  organization,  of  which 
Mrs.  William  Cummings  Story,  who  showed  a  most  commendable  spirit, 
is  the  President  General. 

INAUGURAL  PLENARY  SESSION. 

A  brilliant  assemblage,  including  1,017  delegates  of  the  scientific  con- 
gress, assisted  at  the  inaugural  session  at  10  o'clock,  Monday  morning, 
December  27,  191 5.  Memorial  Continental  Hall  was  appropriately 
draped  with  flags  of  the  Americas.  Officers  in  full  dress  uniform  of 
the  Army,  Navy,  and  Marine  Corps,  acting  as  ushers  under  the  general 
direction  of  Col.  W.  W.  Harts,  Department  of  War,  heightened  the  color 
of  the  audience.     The  names  of  the  ushers  delegated  to  this  service  are : 

Capt.     Powell     Clayton,     United  Lieut.  G.  R.  Young,  United  States 

States  Army.  Army. 

Capt.  C.  S.  Haight,  United  States  Lieut.   B.   G.   Chynoweth,  United 

Army.  States  Army. 

Lieut.   W.    H.    Holcombe,   United  Lieut.    E.    Atkins,    United    States 

States  Army.  Army. 

Lieut.  F.  S.  Skinner,  United  States  Lieut.  J.  M.  Eager,  United  States 

Army.  Army. 

Lieut.  B.  A.  Miller,  United  States  Lieut.  E.  M.  Watson,  United  States 

Army.  Army. 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 


49 


Ueut.  J.  A.  Baird,  United  States 

Army. 
Lieut.    J.    Treat,    United    States 

Army. 
Lieut.     D.    A.     Davison,    United 

States  Army. 
Lieut.  P.  B.  Haines,  United  States 

Navy. 
Lieut.  R.  E.  Burd,  United  States 

Navy. 
Lieut.    D.    F.    Patterson,    United 

States  Navy, 
Lieut.   Commander   R.    L.    Berry, 

United  States  Navy. 
Lieut.  Rufus  King,  United  States 

Navy. 


Lieut.  H.  E.  Knauss,  United  States 

Navy. 
Lieut.  J.  E.  Iseman,  United  States 

Navy. 
Lieut.  Leigh  Noyes,  United  States 

Navy. 
Lieut.    A.    D.    Bemhard,    United 

States  Navy. 
Lieut.    T.    A.    Thompson,    United 

States  Navy. 
Capt.     R.     P.     Williams,     United 

States  Marine  Corps. 
Capt.  A.  M.  Watson,  United  States 

Marine  Corps. 
Lieut.  G.  A.  Johnson,  United  States 

Marine  Corps. 


The  session  was  called  to  order  by  the  secretary  general  of  the  congress. 
The  Home  Club,  a  musical  organization  of  Washington,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Otto  T.  Simon,  gave  a  selection  from  the  Messiah.  Immedi- 
ately following,  the  entire  audience  standing,  the  Home  Club  sang  under 
the  personal  direction  of  the  composer,  Enrique  Soro,  of  Santiago 
de  Chile,  the  beautiful  and  inspiring  Pan  American  hymn  that  had  been 
selected  and  designated  as  such  and  its  use  recommended  to  the  Govern- 
ments of  the  Republics  of  the  three  Americas  for  all  proceedings  of  a 
Pan  American  character,  in  accordance  with  resolution  17,  Eighth  Sec- 
tion, of  the  Fourth  Latin  American  Scientific  Congress,  First  Pan  Ameri- 
can. Mr.  Soro  came  from  Chile  especially  for  the  purpose  of  assisting 
in  the  rendition  of  this  hymn,  and  deserves  special  credit  for  such  effort. 
The  words  of  the  hymn  were  written  by  His  Excellency  Eduardo  Poirer, 
minister  of  Guatemala  to  Chile  and  secretary  general  of  the  Santiago 
Congress.  The  English  translation  of  the  hymn,  by  William  R,  Shep- 
herd, professor  of  history  of  Columbia  University,  and  member  of  the 
official  delegation  of  the  United  States  to  the  First  Pan  American  Scien- 
tific Congress,  follows : 

PAN  AMERICAN  HYMN. 
Chorus. 

At  the  clarion  call  of  Minerva 

All  America  rises  to-day, 
As  a  herald  the  great  Word  proclaiming 

Its  wisdom  and  truth  to  display. 


50  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL- 

I. 

(Science.) 

To-day  twenty  sisters  embracing 

The  land  of  the  free  and  the  bold — 
'Tis  Science  that  joins  them  together 

In  bonds  of  unity's  mold. 
Her  treasure  she  brings  to  the  tourney 

Where  American  thought  breaks  a  lance 
In  behalf  of  her  glorious  mission 

The  good  of  mankind  to  enhance. 

II. 

(Peace.) 

Assembled  here  are  the  nations 

Their  ideals  sublime  to  increase; 
Proudly  they  lift  high  their  banners 

In  the  praise  of  Labor  and  Peace. 
Minds  and  hearts  many  himdred 

In  concord  triumphant  and  grand, 
Will  forge  fast  the  links  of  a  friendship 

That  enduring  and  mighty  shall  stand. 

III. 

(Union.) 

And  the  wise  of  the  North  and  the  Center 

And  the  South  of  the  Americas  Three, 
Grouped  in  a  kingly  procession, 

Priests  of  their  Union  shall  be, 
Entering  the  mystic  adytum 

Where  Science  and  Peace  are  enshrined, 
They  hail  these  great  symbols  of  power, 

All -America's  gift  to  mankind. 

The  orchestra  of  the  Marine  Band,  Capt.  WilUam  H.  Santelmann, 
director,  furnished  the  music  for  the  occasion. 

Secretary  General  Barrett  then  introduced  the  president  of  the  con- 
gress, His  Excellency  Eduardo  Sudrez  Mujica,  ambassador  of  Chile  and 
chairman  of  the  official  delegation  of  Chile,  speaking  as  follows : 

I  now  have  the  honor  to  announce  that,  by  the  established  prece- 
dent for  the  selection  of  the  presidents  of  the  former  congresses,  and 
by  invitation  of  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States  and  the 
executive  committee,  the  presidency  of  this  congress  reposes  in  that 
distinguished  statesman  and  diplomat  of  Chile,  Senor  Don  Eduardo 
Suarez  Mujica,  ambassador  of  Chile  and  chairman  of  the  Chilean 
delegation,  in  whose  capital  the  last  conference  was  held. 


REPORT  O?  run   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  5 1 

The  president  of  the  congress  then  spoke  as  follows: 

Ladies  and  gentlemen,  as  chairman  of  the  Chilean  delegation, 
and  accepting  the  invitation  which  is  extended  to  me,  I  have  the 
honor  to  assume  the  presidency  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scien- 
tific Congress,  and  I  greet  the  delegates  cordially.     I  accept  it  with 
the  deepest  feeling  of  obligation.     I  solemnly  declare  inaugurated 
the  sessions  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.     It  will 
treat  of  the  various  needs  of  our  countries,  and  I  earnestly  hope  that 
the  outcome  of  this  deliberation  shall  achieve  the  greatest  success  and 
benefit  for  our  Governments  and  for  the  advancement  of  mankind. 
At  the  conclusion  of  the  remarks  by  the  president  of  the  congress,  the 
secretary  general  made  some  announcements  pertaining  to  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  congress  and  requested  the  audience  to  face  the  rear  of  the 
hall  in  order  that  a  photograph  of  the  assemblage  might  be  taken  by  the 
official  photographers. 

The  president  of  the  congress  then  introduced  the  honorable  Vice 
President  of  the  United  States  in  these  words: 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  introduce  to  you  the  highest  official  here  present, 
the  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  Mr.  Thomas  R.  Marshall. 

ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  GIVEN  BY  HON.  THOMAS  R.  MARSHALL,  VICE 
PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Ladies,  Mr.  President,  Distinguished  Representatives  of  Sister  Jurisdic- 
tions, Mr.  Secretary  General,  and  Members  of  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress: 

I  do  not  apologize  for  the  absence  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
The  reason  for  his  absence  is  known  to  you  all.  In  the  presence  of  love, 
science  is  silent.  But  I  am  quite  sure  that  I  address  no  man  who  has 
loved,  no  man  who  does  love,  nor  no  man  who  hopes  to  love  who  does  not 
wish  the  President  of  the  United  States  years  of  unclouded  happiness. 
I  would,  however,  that  he  were  here,  because  he  could  tickle  this  English 
language  of  ours  into  such  a  smile  that  these  delegates  would  not  recog- 
nize the  difference  between  it  and  their  own  mother  tongue. 

It  is  a  very  remarkable  pleasure  and  honor  to  welcome  the  delegates  to 
this  convention.  About  one-half  of  the  conventions  that  are  held  in  the 
world  might  as  well  never  have  been  held,  because  they  simply  consist  of 
coming  together,  listening  to  some  one  speak  on  a  subject  that  no  one  save 
the  man  who  speaks  is  interested  in,  attending  a  dinner,  and  passing  into 
oblivion.  Such,  however,  is  not  this  remarkable  convention.  Travelers 
have  told  me  that  there  is  a  point  in  Iceland  where  the  rays  of  the  setting 


52  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

and  of  the  rising  sun  mingle,  and  that  it  is  not  possible  to  tell  when  one 
day  is  ended  and  another  is  begun.  It  strikes  me,  however,  that  this 
convention  marks  an  era  in  the  history  of  mankind.  One  may  think  I 
am  convinced  that  old  things  have  passed  away  and  all  things  have  be- 
come new.  But  I  am  convinced  that  the  awful  cataclysm  in  Europe  has 
set  aside  all  that  we  have  known  as  being  the  safe  and  sure  charts  upon 
the  seas  of  human  life.  I  believe  that  it  is  not  possible  to  take  the  old 
charts  by  which  Governments  and  men  guided  and  controlled  their  own 
lives  and  the  destinies  of  their  own  people  and  prepared  for  the  hours  of 
the  future.  Upon  the  contrary,  I  think  it  is  necessary  once  again  for 
some  new  Columbus  to  sail  over  uncharted  seas  and  discover  a  new 
America,  and  I  want  to  congratulate  you  upon  the  fact  that  I  believe  that, 
metaphorically  speaking,  in  this  chamber  to-day  there  is  some  new 
Columbus  who  will  discover  for  us  this  new  America,  the  several  parts 
of  which  will  not  be  bound  together  by  ties  of  personal  and  private 
interest,  but  as  a  common  whole  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 

May  I  be  permitted  to  speak  just  one  word  as  to  what  I  believe  this 
Republic  of  ours  stands  for  ?  May  I  tell  you  that  I  think  it  does  not  rest 
upon  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  upon  the  shoulders  of  the 
President,  of  Congress,  or  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States? 
Whether  this  Republic  has  been  guided  or  not,  I  can  not  say,  but  I 
know  that  its  foundation  stone  was  intended  to  be  the  Golden  Rule, 
"Whatsoever  we  would  that  men  should  do  unto  us  we  would  also 
do  unto  them."  I  think  that  the  parlous  years  of  the  past  are  gone 
in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  I  think  that  there  is  to  be  no  mere 
personal,  political,  or  national  ambition  that  will  ever  again  set  the 
peoples  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  the  one  against  the  other.  I  believe 
that  the  hour  has  come  when  Pan  Americanism  shall  spell  friendship, 
peace,  and  concord  among  all  the  peoples  of  the  western  world. 

It  may  not  be  known  to  you,  because  what  the  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States  says  is  not  even  important  to  his  wife,  it  may  not  be  known 
to  you,  but  I  am  one  of  those  in  these  United  States  who  believe  in  the 
preparation  of  this  country  for  war.  Not  that  I  want  war,  because  the 
dream  and  the  prayer  of  my  life  is  that  the  hour  shall  come  when  every 
difl&culty  among  the  nations  of  the  world  shall  be  settled  not  by  the  tramp 
of  hostile  armies,  but  by  the  sway  of  the  same  heavenly  harmonies  which 
aroused  the  drowsy  shepherds  of  the  rock-founded  city  of  Bethlehem, 
proclaiming,  "Peace  on  earth,  good  will  to  men."  But  I  know  myself; 
and  I  have  no  way  of  measuring  other  men  save  by  my  own  standard. 
I  have  not  yet  attained,  however,  that  high  altitude  when  I  am  willing 
to  have  some  ruffian  interfere  with  the  things  which  I  believe  to  be  my 


REPORT  Olf  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  53 

rights.  And  so,  while  I  pray  and  hope  for  peace,  I  want  preparation  to 
resist  unjust  interference  with  the  affairs  of  my  Republic,  and  I  hope  that 
out  of  this  Pan  American  Congress  there  shall  come  a  new  idea,  if  it  be 
new  to  any  of  you,  and  a  new  ideal  of  the  Monroe  doctrine;  and  that  idea 
and  that  ideal  shall  be  that  while  this  Republic  will  not  permit  this 
Western  Continent  to  be  made  a  place  of  exploitation  by  any  of  the 
powers  of  Europe,  this  Republic  itself  will  not  make  an  exploitation  of 
any  part  of  it.  Let  it  be  understood  that  the  Republics  of  the  western 
world  are  not  enemies;  they  are  friends,  brethren-,  neighbors;  and  what 
touches  you  to  your  injury  touches  us  to  ours. 

I  am  glad  that  this  idea  of  this  Scientific  Congress  came  from  the  south 
of  us.  We  needed  this  lesson.  For  a  long  while  we  have  imagined  that 
nobody  could  teach  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  anything.  We  knew 
it  all.  We  were  as  wise  as  I  was  the  day  when  I  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  the  law;  for  then  there  was  no  question  of  constitutional  or 
international  law  that  I  could  not  have  settled  by  my  own  "ipse  dixit." 
But  the  years  have  gone,  and  the  years,  instead  of  teaching  me  wisdom, 
have  taught  me  that  I  know  but  little;  and  so  we  needed  this  lesson,  and 
we  have  taken  it,  I  think,  to  our  hearts;  and  we  have  realized  that  the 
great  thing  for  the  future  upon  the  Western  Continent  is  not  one  people 
who  know  it  all,  but  many  people  who  believe  in  all  and  are  willing  to 
consult  with  all. 

Now,  I  am  only  a  politically  instructed  scientist,  and  my  knowledge 
of  science  comes  with  my  holding  of  office;  but  I  may  be  permitted  to 
observe  that  there  are  a  very  great  many  things  which  it  seems  to  me 
may  be  profitably  undertaken  and  brought  to  a  successful  conclusion  by 
this  Pan  American  plan.  May  I  speak  for  just  a  moment  of  the  question 
of  education?  I  do  not  speak  with  authority,  nor  with  any  certainty, 
but  I  am  beginning  to  believe  this  to  be  one  of  the  ways  of  making  a 
people  absolutely  loyal  to  the  flag.  I  wish  that  I  could  even  speak 
English;  I  would  be  content  to  do  that,  if  I  could  speak  it  with  purity. 
But  I  should  like  also  to  be  able  to  talk  Spanish  and  Portuguese  and  French. 
Alas,  I  have  none  of  these,  save  such  as  I  obtained  in  a  college  education; 
and  a  college  education  in  teaching  a  language,  I  have  found,  only 
enables  a  man  to  read  the  menu  card.  Many  of  us  are  in  doubt  about 
sending  our  young  people  to  foreign  countries  to  learn  the  language  of 
that  nation.  Might  it  not  be  well  in  the  countries  to  the  south  of  us  to 
set  up  great  English  educational  institutions,  where  those  of  your  people 
who  desire  to  learn  English  might  learn  it  ?  Might  it  not  be  a  great  favor 
to  this  country  if  there  were  a  great  Spanish  or  French  or  Portuguese 
institution  of  learning  where  our  people  really  could  learn  something 
about  your  languages? 


54  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

I  ought  not  to  speak  of  any  other  things.  There  is  just  one  thing, 
however,  that  I  do  want  to  mention.  This  marks,  I  think,  the  end  of 
about  a  hundred  years  of  proclamation  of  the  rights  of  men.  If  I 
know  what  has  caused  the  wars  and  the  rumors  of  wars  and  the  tumults 
among  mankind,  I  may  say  they  have  been  caused  by  that  never-ending 
cry  about  the  rights  of  men.  Now,  I  am  not  disposed  either  to  3deld 
my  own  or  to  ask  you  to  yield  yours,  but  I  beg  to  recall  to  your  mind 
that  there  never  came  to  any  man  a  right  that  there  did  not  also  go 
with  it  a  corresponding  duty.  And  so,  I  say  that  I  hope  this  congress 
will  end  the  hundred  years  of  the  everlasting  proclamation  of  the  rights 
of  men  and  will  inaugurate  upon  this  Western  Continent  a  hundred 
years  of  the  duties  that  men  owe  to  one  another  in  these  lands  of  ours. 

It  was  a  famous  German  who  took  a  pen  of  gold  and  wrote  upon  the 
white  pages  of  the  book  of  life  a  philosophy  that  had  but  one  inquiry, 
and  that  inquiry  was  a  wail  and  had  no  answer  save  the  answer  of 
despair.  I  do  not  like  the  philosophy  of  Nietzsche,  but  there  was  one 
thing  which  he  did  say  that  has  appealed  to  me.  He  said  that  men 
must  lead  adventurous  lives;  and  I  congratulate  you  distinguished 
members  of  this  congress  upon  the  fact  that  you  have  about  begun  to 
lead  the  really  adventurous  lives  of  the  world.  For  no  one  can  con- 
vince me  that  it  is  essentially  necessary  that  men  should  gird  their 
loins  with  the  sword,  start  out  to  kill,  and  slay,  and  make  desolate  in 
order  to  be  adventurous.  I  believe  that  the  men  who  seek  the  common 
weal,  who  seek  to  lengthen  life,  to  make  it  far  better,  far  sweeter,  and 
far  cleaner  than  it  has  been,  are  leading  the  really  adventurous  lives. 

And  so,  may  I,  in  welcoming  you  to  this  Republic  of  the  North,  give 
you  not  only  the  mere  lip  service  of  a  welcome,  but  give  you  the  heart 
salutation  of  a  man  who  hopes  that  until  the  Angel  of  the  Apocalypse, 
standing  with  one  foot  on  land  and  one  on  sea,  shall  proclaim,  "Time 
was,  Time  is,  but  Time  shall  be  no  more,"  there  shall  be  peace,  amity, 
concord,  friendship,  loyalty,  and  liberality  among  the  nations  of  the 
Western  World. 

In  introducing  the  honorable  Secretary  of  State,  the  next  speaker  on 
the  program,  the  president  of  the  congress  spoke  as  follows: 

"After  this  magnificent  address  by  Vice  President  Marshall  you 
are  to  have  the  honor  of  hearing  the  voice  of  the  high  official  who 
directs  in  questions  of  wisdom  the  Department  of  State  of  the 
United  States  and  who,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  is  at  the  same  time 
the  chairman  of  the  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union, 
the  Secretary  of  State,  Hon.  Robert  Lansing." 


REPORT  OP  THK   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  55 

ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  DEPART- 
MENT OF  STATE  BY  HON.  ROBERT  LANSING,  SECRETARY 
OF  STATE. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Congress: 

It  is  an  especial  gratification  to  me  to  address  you  to-day,  not  only  as 
the  ofiicer  of  the  United  States  who  invited  you  to  attend  this  great 
Scientific  Congress  of  the  American  Republics,  but  also  as  the  presiding 
member  of  the  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union.  In  this 
dual  capacity  I  have  the  honor  and  the  pleasure  to  welcome  you,  gen- 
tlemen, to  the  capital  of  this  country,  in  the  full  confidence  that  your 
deliberations  will  be  of  mutual  benefit  in  your  various  spheres  of  thought 
and  research,  and  not  only  in  your  individual  spheres,  but  in  the  all- 
embracing  sphere  of  Pan  American  unity  and  fraternity  which  is  so  near 
to  the  hearts  of  us  all. 

It  is  the  Pan  American  spirit  and  the  policy  of  Pan  Americanism  to 
which  I  would  for  a  few  moments  direct  your  attention  at  this  early 
meeting  of  the  congress,  since  it  is  my  earnest  hope  that  "Pan  America" 
will  be  the  keynote  which  will  influence  your  relations  with  one  another 
and  inspire  your  thoughts  and  words. 

Nearly  a  century  has  passed  since  President  Monroe  proclaimed  to 
the  world  his  famous  doctrine  as  the  national  policy  of  the  United  States. 
It  was  founded  on  the  principle  that  the  safety  of  this  Republic  would 
be  imperiled  by  the  extension  of  sovereign  rights  by  a  European  power 
over  territory  in  this  hemisphere.  Conceived  in  a  suspicion  of  mon- 
archial  institutions  and  in  a  full  sympathy  with  the  republican  idea,  it 
was  uttered  at  a  time  when  our  neighbors  to  the  south  had  won  their 
independence  and  were  gradually  adapting  themselves  to  the  exercise  of 
their  newly  acquired  rights.  To  those  struggling  nations  the  doctrine 
became  a  shield  against  the  great  European  powers,  which,  in  the  spirit 
of  the  age,  coveted  political  control  over  the  rich  regions  which  the  new- 
born States  had  made  their  own. 

The  United  States  was  then  a  small  nation,  but  a  nation  which  had 
been  tried  in  the  fire;  a  nation  whose  indomitable  will  had  remained 
unshaken  by  the  dangers  through  which  it  had  passed.  The  announce- 
ment of  the  Monroe  doctrine  was  a  manifestation  of  this  will.  It  was 
a  courageous  thing  for  President  Monroe  to  do.  It  meant  much  in  those 
early  days,  not  only  to  this  country,  but  to  those  nations  which  were 
commencing  a  new  life  under  the  standard  of  liberty.  How  much  it 
meant  we  can  never  know,  since  for  four  decades  it  remained  unchal- 
lenged. 


56  REPORT   OP  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

During  that  period  the  younger  Republics  of  America,  giving  expres- 
sion to  the  virile  spirit  bom  of  independence  and  liberal  institutions, 
developed  rapidly  and  set  their  feet  firmly  on  the  path  of  national  prog- 
ress which  has  led  them  to  that  plane  of  intellectual  and  material  pros- 
perity which  they  to-day  enjoy. 

Within  recent  years  the  Government  of  the  United  States  has  found 
no  occasion,  with  the  exception  of  the  Venezuela  boundary  incident,  to 
remind  Europe  that  the  Monroe  doctrine  continues  unaltered  a  national 
policy  of  this  Republic.  The  Republics  of  America  are  no  longer  chil- 
dren in  the  great  family  of  nations.  They  have  attained  maturity. 
With  enterprise  and  patriotic  fervor  they  are  working  out  their  several 
destinies. 

During  this  later  time,  when  the  American  nations  have  come  into  a 
realization  of  their  nationality  and  are  fully  conscious  of  the  responsi- 
bilities and  privileges  which  are  theirs  as  sovereign  and  independent 
States,  there  has  grown  up  a  feeling  that  the  Republics  of  this  hemi- 
sphere constitute  a  group  separate  and  apart  from  the  other  nations  of 
the  world — a  group  which  is  united  by  common  ideals  and  common 
aspirations.  I  believe  that  this  feeling  is  general  throughout  North  and 
South  America,  and  that  year  by  year  it  has  increased  until  it  has  become 
a  potent  influence  over  our  political  and  commercial  intercourse.  It  is 
the  same  feeling  which,  founded  on  sympathy  and  mutual  interest, 
exists  among  the  members  of  a  family.  It  is  the  tie  which  draws  together 
the  21  Republics  and  makes  of  them  the  American  family  of  nations. 

This  feeling,  vague  at  first,  has  become  to-day  a  definite  and  certain 
force.  We  term  it  the  "Pan  American  spirit,"  from  which  springs  the 
international  policy  of  Pan  Americanism.  It  is  that  policy  which  is 
responsible  for  this  great  gathering  of  distinguished  men,  who  represent 
the  best  and  most  advanced  thought  of  the  Americas.  It  is  a  policy 
which  this  Government  has  unhesitatingly  adopted  and  which  it  will 
do  all  in  its  power  to  foster  and  promote. 

When  we  attempt  to  analyze  Pan  Americanism  we  find  that  the  essen- 
tial qualities  are  those  of  the  family — sympathy,  helpfulness,  and  a  sin- 
cere desire  to  see  another  grow  in  prosperity,  absence  of  covetousness  of 
another's  possessions,  absence  of  jealousy  of  another's  prominence,  and, 
above  all,  absence  of  that  spirit  of  intrigue  which  menaces  the  domestic 
peace  of  a  neighbor.  Such  are  the  qualities  of  the  family  tie  among  indi- 
viduals, and  such  should  be,  and  I  believe  are,  the  qualities  which  com- 
pose the  tie  which  unites  the  American  family  of  nations. 

I  speak  only  for  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  but  in  doing  so  I 
am  sure  that  I  express  sentiments  which  will  find  an  echo  in  every  Repub- 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  57 

lie  represented  here,  when  I  say  that  the  might'of  this  country  will  never 
be  exercised  in  a  spirit  of  greed  to  wrest  from  a  neighboring  State  its 
territory  or  possessions.  The  ambitions  of  this  Republic  do  not  lie  in 
the  path  of  conquest  but  in  the  paths  of  peace  and  justice.  Whenever 
and  wherever  we  can  we  will  stretch  forth  a  hand  to  thosp  who  need  help. 
If  the  sovereignty  of  a  sister  Republic  is  menaced  from  overseas,  the  power 
of  the  United  States  and,  I  hope  and  believe,  the  united  power  of  the 
American  Republics  will  constitute  a  bulwark  which  will  protect  the 
independence  and  integrity  of  their  neighbor  from  unjust  invasion  or 
aggression.  The  American  family  of  nations  might  well  take  for  its  motto 
that  of  Dumas'  famous  musketeers,  "One  for  all;  all  for  one." 

If  I  have  correctly  interpreted  Pan  Americanism  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  relations  of  our  Governments  with  those  beyond  the  seas,  it  is  in 
entire  harmony  with  the  Monroe  doctrine.  The  Monroe  doctrine  is  a 
national  policy  of  the  United  States ;  Pan  Americanism  is  an  international 
policy  of  the  Americas.  The  motives  are  to  an  extent  different,  the  ends 
sought  are  the  same.  Both  can  exist  without  impairing  the  force  of 
either.     And  both  do  exist  and,  I  trust,  will  ever  exist  in  all  their  vigor. 

But  Pan  Americanism  extends  beyond  the  sphere  of  politics  and  finds 
its  application  in  the  varied  fields  of  human  enterprise.  Bearing  in 
mind  that  the  essential  idea  manifests  itself  in  cooperation,  it  becomes 
necessary  for  effective  cooperation  that  we  should  know  each  other  better 
than  we  do  now.  We  must  not  only  be  neighbors,  but  friends ;  not  only 
friends,  but  intimates.  We  must  understand  one  another.  We  must 
comprehend  our  several  needs.  We  must  study  the  phases  of  material 
and  intellectual  development  which  enter  into  the  varied  problems  of 
national  progress.  We  should,  therefore,  when  opportunity  offers,  come 
together  and  familiarize  ourselves  with  each  other's  processes  of  thought 
in  dealing  with  legal,  economic,  and  educational  questions. 

Commerce  and  industry,  science  and  art,  public  and  private  law,  govern- 
ment and  education,  all  those  great  fields  which  invite  the  intellectual 
thought  of  man,  fall  within  the  province  of  the  deliberations  of  this  con- 
gress. In  the  exchange  of  ideas  and  comparison  of  experiences  we  will 
come  to  know  one  another  and  to  carry  to  the  nations  which  we  represent 
a  better  and  truer  knowledge  of  our  neighbors  than  we  have  had  in  the 
past.  I  believe  that  from  that  wider  knowledge  a  mutual  esteem  and 
trust  will  spring  which  will  unite  these  Republics  more  closely  politically, 
commercially,  and  intellectually,  and  will  give  to  the  Pan  American 
spirit  an  impulse  and  power  which  it  has  never  known  before. 

The  present  epoch  is  one  which  must  bring  home  to  every  thinking 
American  the  wonderful  benefits  to  be  gained  by  trusting  our  neighbors 


58  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

and  by  being  trusted  by  them,  by  cooperation  and  helpfulness,  by  a  dig- 
nified regard  for  the  rights  of  all,  and  by  living  our  national  lives  in 
harmony  and  good  will. 

Across  the  thousands  of  miles  of  the  Atlantic  we  see  Europe  convulsed 
with  the  most  terrible  conflict  which  this  world  has  ever  witnessed;  we 
see  the  manhood  of  these  great  nations  shattered,  their  homes  ruined, 
their  productive  energies  devoted  to  the  one  purpose  of  destroying  their 
fellow  men.  When  we  contemplate  the  untold  misery  which  these  once 
happy  people  are  enduring  and  the  heritage  which  they  are  transmitting 
to  succeeding  generations,  we  can  not  but  contrast  a  continent  at  war 
and  a  continent  at  peace.  The  spectacle  teaches  a  lesson  we  can  not 
ignore. 

If  we  seek  the  dominant  ideas  in  world  politics  since  we  became  inde- 
pendent nations,  we  will  find  that  we  won  our  liberties  when  individual- 
ism absorbed  men's  thoughts  and  inspired  their  deeds.  This  idea  was 
gradually  supplanted  by  that  of  nationalism,  which  found  expression  in 
the  ambitions  of  conquest  and  the  greed  for  territory  so  manifest  in  the 
nineteenth  century.  Following  the  impulse  of  nationalism  the  idea  of 
internationalism  began  to  develop.  It  appeared  to  be  an  increasing 
influence  throughout  the  civiUzed  world,  when  the  present  war  of  Em- 
pires, that  great  manifestation  of  nationalism,  stayed  its  progress  in 
Europe  and  brought  discouragement  to  those  who  had  hoped  that  the 
new  idea  would  usher  in  an  era  of  universal  peace  and  justice. 

While  we  are  not  actual  participants  in  the  momentous  struggle  which 
is  shattering  the  ideals  toward  which  civilization  was  moving  and  is 
breaking  down  those  principles  on  which  internationalism  is  founded, 
we  stand  as  anxious  spectators  of  this  most  terrible  example  of  nation- 
alism. Let  us  hope  that  it  is  the  final  outburst  of  the  cardinal  evils  of 
that  idea  which  has  for  nearly  a  century  spread  its  baleful  influence  over 
the  world. 

Pan  Americanism  is  an  expression  of  the  idea  of  internationalism. 
America  has  become  the  guardian  of  that  idea,  which  will  in  the  end  rule 
the  world.  Pan  Americanism  is  the  most  advanced  as  well  as  the  most 
practical  form  of  that  idea.  It  has  been  made  possible  because  of  our 
geographical  isolation,  of  our  similar  political  institutions,  and  of  our 
common  conception  of  human  rights.  Since  the  European  war  began 
other  factors  have  strengthened  this  natural  bond  and  given  impulse  to 
the  movement.  Never  before  have  our  people  so  fully  realized  the  sig- 
nificance of  the  words,  "Peace"  and  "Fraternity."  Never  have  the 
need  and  benefit  of  international  cooperation  in  every  form  of  human 
activity  been  so  evident  as  they  are  to-day. 


RBPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  59 

The  path  of  opportunity  Ues  plain  before  us  Americans.  The  Gov- 
ernment and  people  of  every  Republic  should  strive  to  inspire  in  others 
confidence  and  cooperation  by  exhibiting  integrity  of  purpose  and  equity 
in  action.  Let  us  as  members  of  this  congress,  therefore,  meet  together 
on  the  plane  of  common  interests  and  together  seek  the  common  good. 
Whatever  is  of  common  interest,  whatever  makes  for  the  common  good, 
whatever  demands  united  effort  is  a  fit  subject  for  applied  Pan  Ameri- 
canism. Fraternal  helpfulness  is  the  keystone  to  the  arch.  Its  pillars 
are  faith  and  justice. 

In  this  great  movement  this  congress  will,  I  believe,  play  an  exalted 
part.  You,  gentlemen,  represent  powerful  intellectual  forces  in  your 
respective  countries.  Together  you  represent  the  enlightened  thought 
of  the  continent.  The  policy  of  Pan  Americanism  is  practical.  The 
Pan  American  spirit  is  ideal.  It  finds  its  source  and  being  in  the  minds 
of  thinking  men.  It  is  the  offspring  of  the  best,  the  noblest  conception 
of  international  obUgation. 

With  all  earnestness,  therefore,  I  commend  to  you,  gentlemen,  the 
thought  of  the  American  Republics,  twenty-one  sovereign  and  independent 
nations,  bound  together  by  faith  and  justice,  and  firmly  cemented  by  a 
sympathy  which  knows  no  superior  and  no  inferior,  but  which  recognizes 
only  equality  and  fraternity. 

The  following  is  the  address  of  the  president  of  the  congress,  the  ambas- 
sador of  Chile,  Senor  Don  Eduardo  Sudrez  Mujica,  in  response  to  the 
address  of  welcome  by  the  Secretary  of  State : 

ADDRESS     OF     THE     PRESIDENT     OF     THE     CONGRESS, 
THE  AMBASSADOR  OF  CHILE. 

Excellencies,  Messrs.  Delegates,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

It  now  behooves  me  to  say  a  few  words  on  this  memorable  occasion. 
So  well  known  are  they  that  I  do  not  have  to  dwell  upon  the  charac- 
teristics forming  the  essence  of  this  great  assembly  and  which  are  not 
ordinarily  to  be  found  in  international  gatherings  of  a  wider  scope.  Its 
purpose,  of  a  purely  intellectual  order,  free  from  any  interests  outside  of 
those  of  scientific  research,  displays  that  mark  of  nobleness  and  dignity 
peculiar  to  mental  efforts  when  the  mind  strives  for  a  greater  amount  of 
light — a  white,  intensive,  and  pure  light — to  enlighten  the  path  of  human 
progress.  Man,  creation's  superior  being,  owes  to  himself  and  to  the 
infinite  diversifications  of  matter  coming  under  his  control  the  duty  of 
continually  developing  himself,  so  that  he  may  be  worthy  of  his  semi- 
divine  r61e  and  in  order  to  increase,  also  unceasingly,  the  welfare  and 


6o  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERA!,. 

happiness  in  the  world  wherein  he  exercises  his  sovereign  domain.  Thus 
a  congress  such  as  the  one  we  are  to-day  inaugurating,  to  attend  which 
caravans  of  pilgrims  of  knowledge  have  come,  without  heeding  difficul- 
ties or  sacrifices,  from  all  parts  of  the  continent  to  contribute  with  their 
share  toward  the  work  for  the  intellectual  emancipation  of  the  species-^ 
a  congress  as  this,  I  repeat,  constitutes  a  vivid  testimony  to  the  fact  that 
man  is  fulfilling  his  high  mission  and  that  his  efforts  and  his  energies  are 
not  spared  when  humanity's  higher  interests  are  at  stake. 

To  this  end  it  is  comforting  to  look  back  to  the  origin  of  the  movement 
by  which  exactly  one-half  of  the  civilized  countries  of  the  globe  are  here 
to-day  in  communion.  That  origin  shows  how  the  sparks  of  the  spirit  of 
science,  through  their  own  expansive  power,  grow  until  they  become  large 
glowing  flames  capable  of  serving  as  torches  to  light  the  world's  path. 
Twenty-five  years  ago  a  modest  Chilean  scientific  organization  originated 
the  institution  of  national  scientific  congresses,  whose  range  did  not  go 
beyond  the  geographical  boundaries  of  the  country,  unless  it  was  to 
appoint  a  few  corresponding  members  in  the  neighboring  Republics. 
Some  years  later  the  spark  caught  fire  on  the  other  side  of  the  Andes,  and 
an  important  Argentine  scientific  organization,  enlarging  the  idea  with  a 
vvdder  scope  and  acting  with  the  cooperation  and  under  the  auspices  of  its 
enlightened  Government,  founded  the  permanent  institution  of  Latin- 
American  scientific  congresses,  with  the  enthusiastic  participation  of 
scientists  from  all  the  cognate  Republics  of  America.  A  complete  success 
attended  the  first  three  congresses  held,  respectively,  in  Buenos  Aires, 
Montevideo,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro.  When  the  preliminary  work  of  the 
fourth  congress,  sitting  in  Santiago  de  Chile,  was  undertaken,  its  organi- 
zation committee  thought,  in  its  turn,  that  the  time  was  ripe  for  wiping 
out  the  boundary  lines  to  which  these  congresses  for  ethnical  reasons  had 
been  confined  until  then,  and  to  give  them  thereafter  a  continental  lati- 
tude that  it  might  be  in  better  harmony  with  the  universality  and  majesty 
of  its  purposes.  With  that  end  in  view  they  sought  and  secured  the 
ample,  unconditional,  and  efficient  cooperation  from  our  great  sister  of 
the  north,  the  United  States  of  America,  which  Nation  participated  in 
the  Santiago  Congress  with  a  brilliant  representation,  and  now  so  elo- 
quently and  pleasingly  shows  to  the  rest  of  America  its  spirit  of  scientific 
confraternity. 

Thus  through  a  successful  progressive  evolution,  impelled  by  men  and 
supported  by  governments,  we  have  come  from  the  modest  beginning 
of  a  local  scientific  body  to  the  solemn  and  magnificent  international 
assembly  which  to-day  unites  the  whole  continent  in  a  brotherly  inter- 
coiurse  for  the  mutual  benefit  of  all.    Thus,  also,  permanent  existence  has 


RBPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  6 1 

been  secured  for  an  institution  which  is  an  honor  to  America,  an  institu- 
tion which  undoubtedly  has  already  begun  to  exercise  a  positive  influence 
upon  the  popularization  and  adoption  into  our  laws  or  into  our  economic 
and  educational  methods  of  principles  and  doctrines  of  common  interest  to 
us,  and  which,  in  fine,  is  likely  destined,  by  reason  of  the  generic  nature 
of  its  scope  and  on  account  of  the  very  intensity  of  its  irradiation,  to 
carry  the  benefits  of  its  work  far  beyond  the  confines  of  Columbus' 
world.  Indeed,  who  can  deny  the  probability  that  to-morrow,  when  the 
hour  of  calm,  of  love,  and  brotherliness  shall  have  replaced  the  hour  of 
conflagration,  of  hatred,  and  of  death  now  consuming  the  work  of  the 
other  half  of  the  world — the  oldest,  the  most  civilized,  the  one  whose 
duty  it  was  to  set  up  its  example  with  its  spirit  of  humanity  and  with  its 
powerful  impulse  of  civilization  and  progress — ^who  can  deny,  I  repeat, 
the  probability  that,  when  the  tragedy  shall  have  ended  and  the  men  in 
that  part  of  the  world  shall  have  recovered  their  equilibrium  of  mind  and 
heart,  our  present  and  future  labors  may  project  a  new  light  upon  Euro- 
pean intellectualism  finally  to  effect  a  universal  concert? 

As  a  complement  of  the  work  of  scientific  extension  by  those  con- 
gresses, there  is  the  work  of  social  and  political  extension  which,  though 
not  precisely  their  object,  is  their  natural  consequence,  and,  indeed, 
does  not  constitute  one  of  the  lesser  benefits  derived  from  their  meetings. 
Together  with  the  abstract  problems  of  anthropology,  law,  astronomy, 
medicine,  mechanics,  and  other  sciences  there  are  found  the  less  meta- 
physical and  more  practical  researches  on  educational  methods,  sanita- 
tion systems,  development  of  transportation  facilities,  and  other  factors 
of  industrial  prosperity  bearing  directly  upon  the  common  economy  of 
life,  in  whose  field  intercourse  and  acquaintance  are  facilitated  among 
the  men  who  direct  the  mental  activities  of  countries.  Men  are  the 
instrument  by  means  of  which  love  and  good  will  among  people  are 
wrought;  they  are  the  groundwork  of  peace  and  the  foundation  of  its 
prosperity.  Assembled  in  these  congresses  and  thereby  associated  and 
acquainted  with  each  other,  they  study  reciprocally  their  individual  and 
national  traits,  the  conditions  and  necessities  of  life  in  their  respective 
countries,  and  bring  about  an  atmosphere  of  mutual  understanding  and 
congeniality.  Under  this  atmosphere  egotism  vanishes  and  the  ob- 
stacles that  separation  and  distance  put  in  the  way  of  human  cordiality 
are  overcome. 

If  this  indirect  benefit  were  to  be  the  only  outcome  of  these  peri- 
odical conventions,  I  do  not  hesitate  in  stating  that  in  my  judgment  it 
would  sufiice  to  justify  all  efforts  and  all  sacrifices  on  the  part  of  indi- 
viduals and  Governments. 


62  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

It  is  the  good  fortune  of  this  assembly  to  meet  at  a  time  gratifying  to 
the  political  and  international  interests  of  the  Republics  herein  repre- 
sented. Twenty  days  ago,  at  the  time  of  the  solemn  opening  of  the  Fed- 
eral Congress  of  this  great  Republic,  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  tracing  in  detail  the  lines  of  the  exact  meaning  of  Pan 
Americanism,  succeeded  so  eloquently  and  expressively  in  shaping  his 
sentiments  of  continental  brotherhood  that  his  statements  were  flashed 
by  the  wires  throughout  our  Americas  like  messages  of  friendship  and  as 
a  crystallization  of  a  policy  of  American  respect,  equality,  and  solidarity. 
With  the  echo  from  those  solemn  declarations  still  vibrating,  and  as  if  to 
confirm  their  meaning  and  extent  in  a  direct  and  unmistakable  manner. 
His  Excellency  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  authorized  organ  for  communi- 
cating the  official  thought  to  the  other  countries,  has  just  uttered  in  terms 
perhaps  more  assertive,  although  not  more  transparent,  the  complete 
expression  of  the  Pan  American  sentiment  and  poHcy,  wherefrom  the 
Government  guiding  the  affairs  of  George  Washington's  country  derives 
and  shall  derive  its  inspiration. 

"A  new  community  of  interests  and  a  clearer  conception  of  their  com- 
mon ties,"  said  His  Excellency  President  Wilson,  "binds  the  nations  of 
America  to-day.  All  intelligent  men  should  welcome  the  new  light 
guiding  us  now,  when  nobody  here  thinks  of  guardianship  or  tutelage, 
but  of  a  frank  and  honorable  association  with  our  neighbors,  in  the  in- 
terest of  all  America,  North  and  South.  Within  the  purpose  of  defending 
national  independence  and  political  liberty  in  America,  which  inspired  the 
historical  declaration  by  President  Monroe,  there  is  no  thought  of  our 
taking  advantage  of  any  Government  in  this  hemisphere  or  of  exploiting 
for  our  benefit  their  political  contingencies.  All  the  Governments  of 
America,"  the  worthy  Executive  of  this  country  concludes  with  eloquent 
majesty,  "stand,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  upon  a  footing  of  genuine 
equality  and  unquestionable  independence.  Mutual  cooperation  in  the 
divers  orders  of  their  national  activities,  the  unity  of  their  thought  and 
action,  the  community  of  their  sympathies  and  ideals,  such  are  the  charac- 
teristics of  Pan  Americanism." 

There  is  none  of  the  imperialistic  spirit  in  it;  only  the  embodiment, 
the  effectual  embodiment,  of  the  spirit  of  law,  of  independence,  of  liberty, 
and  of  reciprocal  support. 

A  similar  language,  an  expression  equally  clear  and  precise,  of  Ameri- 
can confraternity,  a  statement  of  declarations  no  less  substantive  and 
valuable,  has  just  been  formulated  by  his  excellency  the  Secretary  of 
State  in  the  remarkable  speech  we  have  heard  from  him. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  63 

This  is  a  Pan  American  gathering.  It  is  the  first  large  meeting  of 
eminent  men  from  all  Americas  held  since  and  soon  after  the  transcen- 
dental manifestation  of  purposes  by  the  two  officials  embodying  the  rep- 
resentation and  assuming  the  responsibilities  for  the  foreign  policy  of 
the  United  States.  Therefore  no  other  opportunity  is  more  propitious 
nor  any  representative  body  is  better  qualified  than  ours  at  this  time  to 
take  notice  of  such  declarations  and  to  place  them  as  the  frontispiece 
of  this  congress  within  a  frame  built  by  the  friendship  and  love  of  the 
other  20  Republics  of  the  continent. 

Although  representing  only  one  of  those  Republics,  I  am  nevertheless 
convinced  that  I  am  interpreting  the  thought  and  feeling  of  each  and 
every  one  of  them  when  I  say  that  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
to-day  completes  the  erasing  with  a  friendly  hand  of  the  last  traces  of 
any  past  misunderstandings  and  any  erroneous  interpretations  which 
may  have  clouded  in  former  times  the  political  horizon  of  America.  No 
doubt  there  had  prevailed  before  now  in  the  atmosphere  in  American 
foreign  offices  uncertainties,  misgivings,  and  suspicions  whenever  the 
well-inspired  and  unquestionably  beneficial  declaration  by  President 
Monroe  was  brandished  in  the  United  States  with  a  view  to  practical 
appHcation.  There  w^as  lacking  the  precise  definition  of  the  meaning 
and  extent  of  that  memorable  document,  and  many  of  the  weaker 
American  nations,  like  small  birds  that  feel  in  the  air  the  sound  of  a 
menacing  flight,  seemed  afraid  and  apprehensive  whenever  the  news 
reached  them  of  a  possible  practical  application  of  its  declarations. 
Thus  the  Monroe  doctrine  might  have  seemed  a  threat  so  long  as  it  was 
only  a  right  and  an  obligation  on  the  part  of  the  United  States.  Gen- 
eralized as  a  derivation  from  the  Pan  American  policy,  supported  by  all 
the  Republics  in  the  continent  as  a  common  force  and  a  common  defense, 
it  has  become  a  solid  tie  of  union,  a  guaranty,  a  bulwark  for  our 
democracies. 

Before  now  some  steps  had  been  tried  with  success  along  the  path  of 
Pan  American  evolution,  and  if  those  preliminary  efforts  have  through 
circumstances  b^en  participated  in  only  by  a  numerically  small  and 
geographically  distant  group  of  the  countries  in  the  hemisphere,  it  is  not, 
indeed,  due  to  purposes  of  exclusion  or  selection  which  would  have  been 
inconsistent  with  the  well-proven  spirit  of  brotherhood  that  always  in- 
spired the  Governments  of  those  countries.  All  the  Republics  of  America 
are  capable  of  setting  up  their  own  destiny,  and  all  are  unquestionably 
bound  to  serve  in  their  turn  as  exponents  of  our  civilization  and  progress. 
48192—17 5 


64  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

It  is  therefore  gratifying  to  expect  days  of  joy  and  glory  for  our  America. 
The  ship  of  our  destinies,  flying  the  banner  of  fraternity  and  solidarity, 
which  is  the  motto  of  Pan  Americanism,  can  not  run  against  any  rocks 
that  might  hinder  her  course.  The  forces  of  twenty-one  countries  are 
united  to  propel  her,  and  by  means  of  this  harmonious  impulse  moral 
progress  is  secured,  and  the  road  leading  to  the  achievement  of  material 
advancement  is  directly  pursued. 

Messrs.  Delegates,  under  the  auspices  of  the  cordial  reception  accorded 
us  by  this  country  and  with  our  hearts  full  of  faith  in  the  success  of  the 
journey,  you  are  going  to  undertake  your  labors  from  which  America  ex- 
pects fruitful  results.  We  are  in  the  country  of  great  energies,  where 
every  man  is  an  originating  power  and  where  every  solution  spells  victory 
for  the  welfare  of  humanity.  Let  us,  we  delegates  with  the  Latin  soul, 
prove  that  we  are  equally  capable  of  generating  energy  to  insure  the 
well-being  of  humankind,  and  that  we  are  likewise  able  to  assist,  with  a 
contribution  worthy  of  our  brothers  of  Saxon  America,  in  the  work  of 
Pan  American  communion  to  which  we  are  invited  by  the  engaging  word 
of  President  Wilson  and  his  Secretary  of  State. 

In  concluding  my  remarks  I  request  the  congress  that,  with  all  standing 
up,  it  shall  join  me  in  sending  the  homage  of  our  respectful  greetings  to 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  who  is  to  us  the  highest  embodiment 
of  the  national  entity  of  this  Republic. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  president's  address,  the  final  words  of  which 
brought  the  entire  assemblage  to  its  feet.  Secretary  General  Barrett  an- 
nounced the  serious  illness  of  Assistant  Secretary  General  Swiggett  and 
called  attention  to  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Conference  that  had  been 
organized  in  connection  with  the  Scientific  Congress,  with  the  assistance 
of  Mrs.  Lansing,  Mrs.  Swiggett,  and  a  group  of  other  representative 
women. 

The  following  appropriate  responses  were  then  made  by  the  chairmen 
of  the  official  delegations  of  the  Latin  American  countries  on  the  behalf 
of  their  Governments  and  their  peoples: 

ARGENTINA :  ERNESTO  QUESADA,  PROFESSOR  UNIVERSITY 

OF  LA  PLATA. 

Your  Excellency,  the  Vice  President  of  the  Republic,  the  hotwrahle  the 
Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 
The  Argentine  delegation,  over  which  I  have  the  honor  to  preside,  in 

acknowledging  the  distinguished  attentions  received  alike  from  authori- 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  65 

ties  and  individuals,  takes  pleasure  in  expressing  its  wishes  that  this 
congress,  destined  as  it  is  to  tighten  the  bonds  of  Pan  American  solidarity 
among  the  nations  of  our  continent,  shall  achieve  success. 

Never  more  than  at  the  present  moment,  while  Europe  is  in  the  throes 
of  the  great  conflict  of  nations,  has  America  been  confronted  by  a  more 
vital  necessity  to  stand  together,  with  a  view  to  uniformity  in  ideas^ 
aspirations,  and  tendencies,  as  well  in  politico-economic  as  in  purely 
intellectual  spheres.  This  congress  is  to  concern  itself  with  only  the 
second  of  these  fields  of  thought.  The  program  prepared  is  so  vast  and 
comprehensive  that  it  may  be  said  that  in  the  many  themes  submitted 
for  our  deliberation,  every  problem  that  confronts  the  human  mind  is 
to  be  found. 

In  view  of  the  composition  of  the  congress,  there  will  undoubtedly  be 
presented  for  us  to  consider  innumerable  papers  which,  notv-'ithstanding 
our  desire  to  do  so,  we  shall  probably  not  have  time  fully  to  discuss  and 
digest.  Perhaps  it  may  become  necessary  for  us  to  content  ourselves 
with  a  concise  exposition  of  the  context  of  each  and  await  its  publication 
in  full  in  the  proceedings  of  the  congress  for  an  opportunity  to  take  due 
account  of  its  consummate  importance.  But  in  any  event,  this  oppor- 
tunity of  meeting  and  conferring  with  so  many  representatives  of  all  the 
American  countries  will  aid  in  the  solution  of  not  a  few  of  the  questions 
and  will  serve  to  make  more  binding  the  intellectual  union  of  America, 
which  until  now  has  been  somewhat  loose  and  which  has  been  of  rather 
negligible  force  in  certain  sections. 

The  Argentine  delegation  has  felt  that  it  ought  to  strive  to  make  the 
present  congress  bear  more  tangible  and  permanent  fruit,  yet  without 
prejudice  to  the  series  of  isolated  papers  that  may  be  presented  at  its 
several  sessions.  To  this  end  it  has  placed  itself  in  accord  with  the 
Chilean  and  Brazilian  delegations  in  order  to  formulate  certain  pro- 
posals of  a  general  character  and  common  utility,  and  has  submitted  them 
previously  for  the  consideration  of  other  delegations  in  order  to  secure  a 
true  realization  of  Pan  American  work,  since  this  should  be  based  on  the 
absolute  international  equality  of  all  continental  nations,  both  great 
and  small.  The  international  consciences  of  all  are  to-day  awakened 
and  are  impressed  with  the  duty  of  coordinating  in  an  effort  to  solve  the 
general  problems  from  a  point  of  view  peculiarly  American.  The  political 
aspect  being  happily  eliminated  from  the  deliberations  of  this  congress, 
the  intellectual  alone  remains;  and  in  this,  conceivably,  no  stumbling 
block  can  present  itself. 


66  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Therefore,  the  fundamental  idea  pervading  the  three  projects  that  are 
to  be  submitted  to  the  congress  at  its  next  general  session  should  b 
agreeable  to  all  of  the  delegates.  Lack  of  time  only  has  prevented  their 
presentation,  unanimously  signed  by  all.  These  three  projects  seek  to 
complement,  in  the  intellectual  field,  the  work  of  the  existing  Pan 
American  Union  by  organizing,  as  sections  of  that  union,  three  subsidiary 
unions,  viz,  a  university  union,  a  library  union,  and  an  archaeological 
union.  The  first  proposes  to  confederate  all  the  universities  of  this  con- 
tinent for  the  better  development  of  their  organizations  and  tendencies, 
the  facilitation  of  interchange  of  professors  and  students,  and  to  permit 
the  meeting  of  both  in  periodical  assemblies.  The  second  has  for  its 
object  to  place  within  reach  of  the  isolated  student  the  common  treasures 
collected  in  all  the  libraries  of  the  continent  by  recommending  to  those 
institutions  the  service  of  exchange  of  publications  and  the  preparation 
of  bibliographical  lists  of  intellectual  productions,  to  the  end  that  any 
person  may  know  and  obtain  such  productions  as  may  appear  in  other 
sections  of  America.  The  third  proposes  to  conserve  the  pre-Columbian 
remains  of  the  ancient  civilizations  of  the  peoples  that  inhabited  this 
continent  before  its  discovery  and  combine  the  activities  of  the  ethno- 
logical museums  in  order  to  facilitate  the  study  of  this  mysterious  science. 

It  will  be  seen,  then,  that  these  projects,  which  it  is  sought  to  have 
the  present  Pan  American  Union  carry  into  effect  as  subsidiaries  thereof, 
will  tend  to  advance  the  solidarity  of  all  the  nations  of  America  and  to 
produce  in  all  very  real  benefits.  So  that,  if  such  projects  should  prosper, 
this  congress  will  have  given  life  to  new  institutions  of  a  permanent  char- 
acter and  of  indubitable  utility. 

Whether  on  this  account  or  on  the  more  strictly  technical  ground  taken 
in  the  papers  designated  in  the  program,  the  Argentine  delegation,  ani- 
mated by  the  most  ample  sentiments  of  American  confraternity,  and 
sensible  of  our  imperishable  historical  traditions,  takes  part  in  the  delib- 
erations of  the  congress  imbued  with  the  highest  desire  for  its  success. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  this  will  be  a  brilliant  one  and  that  the  gen- 
erosity and  unstinted  hospitality  extended  to  us  at  this  time  by  this 
great  country  will  contribute  to  facilitate  that  result  and  to  tighten  the 
bonds  of  friendship  and  sympathy  between  the  nations  and  the  inhab- 
itants of  America. 

Such  is  the  message  that  my  country  sends  on  this  portentious  occasion. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  67 

BOLIVIA:  HIS    EXCELLENCY   IGNACIO    CALDERON,  ENVOY 
EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Mr.  President,  Delegates,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

In  the  month  of  May  last  took  place  for  the  first  time  in  the  Hall  of 
the  Americas  the  First  Pan  American  Financial  Congress,  convened  on 
invitation  of  the  distinguished  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States  to  discuss  questions  pertaining  to  the  economic  conditions  of  the 
American  Republics  and  the  means  of  developing  our  mutual  trade  rela- 
tions. To-day  we  inaugurate  in  this  fine  home  of  the  Daughters  of 
the  American  Revolution  the  Second  Pan  American  Congress,  devoted 
to  the  study  of  almost  every  branch  of  knowledge.  It  is  an  inspiring 
thing  to  know  that  we  all  come  with  the  same  feeling  of  nmtual  consid- 
eration and  disinterested  devotion  to  the  cause  of  progress  and  civiliza- 
tion. Nothing  could  interpret  more  fittingly  the  lofty  aims  of  democracy 
than  this  meeting  for  the  discussion  of  scientific  and  social  problems,  for 
the  enlightenment  and  the  benefit  of  the  people. 

The  patriots  who  after  long  years  of  unrelenting  struggle  gained  the 
independence  of  our  countries,  left  to  the  coming  generations  the  task 
of  keeping  sacred  the  blessings  of  a  popular  government,  and  I  know  no 
better  way  to  honor  that  trust  than  by  propagating  public  instruction  and 
by  looking  for  the  preservation,  health,  and  welfare  of  the  people.  Free- 
dom is  a  blessing  granted  only  to  countries  conscious  of  their  rights, 
capable  of  defending  them,  and  offering  an  open  road  for  all  to  an  inde- 
pendent life  and  self -improvement.  Pan  Americanism  is  a  noble  doctrine ; 
it  does  not  mean  exclusion  or  race  distinctions  like  pan-Germanism  or 
pan-Slavism,  but  implies  the  great  federation  of  the  American  Republics 
to  work  for  the  uplifting  of  mankind  under  the  ennobling  principles  of 
right  and  freedom.  It  means  the  sovereignty  of  the  people  based  on 
the  equality  of  men;  it  means  the  open  door  into  our  territories  for  all 
persons  able  and  willing  to  work  for  the  common  progress. 

The  Almighty  has  endowed  this  New  World  with  lavish  gifts  of  abun- 
dant resources,  which  we  are  prepared  to  let  the  rest  of  mankind  share. 
America  is  destined  to  lead  on,  in  the  upward  movement  of  the  nations 
pushing  forward  in  the  path  of  justice  and  progress  to  the  highest  sum- 
mit of  civilization. 

We  have  come  together  just  at  the  season  when  the  world  celebrates 
the  anniversary  of  the  coming  of  the  Divine  Master,  whose  arrival  was 
heralded  from  above  by  angelic  voices  proclaiming  peace  on  earth  to  all 
men.     Well,  then,  let  us  have  peace  and,  following  the  lead  of  the  glorious 


68  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

flag  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  let  us  all  work  for  the  realization  of  the 
brotherhood  of  man  and  the  great  democratic  doctrine  of  right,  liberty, 
and  happiness. 

BRAZIL:  HIS  EXCELLENCY  DOMICIO  DA  GAMA,  AMBASSA- 
DOR EXTRAORDINARY  AND  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress, 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

I  will  not  try  to  improve  upon  the  impression  left  in  your  minds  by 
the  eloquent  speeches  that  have  just  been  pronounced.  Your  applause 
has  shown  your  entire  approbation  of  the  dominant  sentiment  expressed 
in  them.  This  sentiment  of  Pan  Americanism,  which  seems  so  neces- 
sary to  human  life,  is  like  that  of  the  simple  man  in  the  comedy  of  Moli^re, 
who  was  so  pleased  to  learn  that  every  time  he  spoke  he  was  using  prose. 
Well,  we  may  truly  wonder  whether  all  these  years  we  have  not  been  mak- 
ing Pan  Americanism  when  we  thought  that  we  were  working  for  our 
national  interests  alone.  As  for  Brazil,  I  may  assure  you  that  that  was 
the  fact.  We  always  think  of  ourselves  first,  but  next  we  think  of 
America.  I  need  not  prove  my  assertion.  The  delegates  from  Brazil 
are  carrying  with  them  evidence  enough  that  they  are  animated  with 
that  mighty  spirit  which  is  working  such  wonders  in  this  blessed  con- 
tinent of  ours,  and  I  know  that  they  will  not  be  found  wanting  if  you 
put  them  to  the  test. 

CHILE:  JULIO    PHILIPPI,  VICE    CHAIRMAN  OF  THE  DELE- 
GATION. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Prcsidint  of  the  Pan 

American  Scientific  Congress,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

Six  years  ago  the  capital  of  my  country,  Santiago,  had  the  esteemed 
honor  of  welcoming  the  distinguished  guests  who,  from  all  the  Republics 
of  the  continent,  had  come  together  in  celebration  of  the  First  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress. 

To-day  we  are  reunited  for  the  second  time  in  this  capital,  guests  of  the 
oldest  and  most  powerful  of  the  sister  Republics. 

It  is  a  vast  continent  which  the  countries  we  represent  occupy — a  new 
world,  rightly  called  new,  for  that  it  counts  but  a  few  centuries  since  it 
was  discovered  and  peopled  by  European  races;  new  because  it  is,  and  I 
hope  it  always  mil  be,  animated  with  a  new  concept  of  the  destiny  of 
humanity  and  its  forms  of  government. 

It  is  a  fact,  which  does  not  connote  any  casual  happening  and  toward 
whose  transcendence  I  would  for  a  moment  call  attention,  that  every  one 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  69 

of  the  countries  of  this  continent  has  the  same  form  of  government,  a 
republic.  To  all  of  them  are  common  the  ideals  expressed  by  Lincoln  in 
that  speech  known  to  every  child  in  this  country,  that  the  Government 
is  established  by  the  people  and  for  the  people.  This,  the  most  profound 
and  noble  profession  of  faith  by  one  of  the  greatest  sons  of  America,  is  an 
inspiration  for  all  the  countries  of  the  continent.  Many  and  diverse  are 
the  roads  to  attain  this  object  that  these  Republics  have  followed  and 
have  yet  to  follow;  many  are  the  obstacles  to  be  met  in  its  realization; 
multiple  and  diverse  the  forms  that  have  militated  against  the  develop- 
ment of  the  culture  that  each  of  them  has  attained.  And  finally  we  must 
be  just  and  not  forget  that  conditions  have  not  been  equal  for  all  in  the 
march  toward  this  ideal,  but  yet  each  Republic,  even  the  smallest,  has 
from  its  experience  instructive  lessons  from  which  all  may  learn.  I 
believe  it  may  be  affirmed  in  all  truth  that  the  political  history  of  Chile, 
at  times  an  ardent  strife,  but  always  on  a  high  plane,  makes  for  the 
realization  of  this  ideal. 

Could  these  reunions  have  an  object  more  noble,  more  worthy  than 
the  study  of  our  republican  life,  than  its  evolution  toward  democratic 
ideals?  Let  us  not  forget  that  each  law,  each  happening  in  the  life  of  a 
people  is  a  political  and  social  phenomenon  that  results  from  given  his- 
torical conditions  at  times  fatal,  that  often  are  not  within  the  power  of 
man  to  alter.  Let  us  study  these  with  the  serene  and  calm  criticism  of 
science,  unprejudiced,  passionless,  without  ulterior  purposes.  The  fruits 
of  this  study  will  be  abundant,  not  to  be  appraised  in  immediate  increase 
of  commerce  and  worldly  profit.  Material  interests  do  not  always  unite. 
At  times  their  influence  is  other  than  civilizing. 

The  benefits  which  v/e  hope  for  are  of  an  order  more  elevated.  Therefore, 
the  Chilean  delegation  in'  thanking  this  great  country  and  its  Government 
for  the  hospitality  extended  to  us,  charges  me  to  express  my  admiration 
not  alone  for  the  stupendous  material  development,  varied  and  inex- 
haustible riches  of  the  United  States,  but  for  the  high  and  noble  repub- 
lican and  democratic  ideals  with  which  Washington  and  Lincoln  have 
endowed  it  and  the  whole  American  world. 

COLOMBIA:    ROBERTO    ANCIZAR,    FIRST    SECRETARY    OF 

LEGATION. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress, 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

From  all  the  Americas  we  have  met  in  this  city  beautiful,  endeavoring 
to  put  together  and  to  direct  into  intelligent  channels  the  energies  that  are 
to  remodel  the  economic  shape  of  this  part  of  the  world. 


70  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

We  meet  to-day  as  if  to  take  stock  of  our  ever  increasing  assets  of 
science,  this  builder  of  free  nations,  which,  first  appearing  as  an  immi- 
grant on  our  shores,  has  now  won  with  all  honors  the  right  of  citizenship 
forever  in  America.  Mysterious  currents  beyond  our  control,  because 
bom  in  God's  mercy  for  the  human  race,  are  in  their  silent  errand  march- 
ing toward  the  manifest  destiny  of  this  continent  of  ours,  destiny  which 
can  not  be  attained  by  conquest,  preponderance,  oppression,  or  unfair 
exploitation  of  nations  or  individuals.  Glorious  destiny  which  is  freedom, 
the  three  times  blessed  freedom,  that  wealth  helps  to  make  stable,  and 
which  grows  and  prospers,  aided  by  science,  and  is  worth  attaining  if 
justice  and  right  go  hand  in  hand  with  liberty. 

Let  us  believe,  nay,  let  us  ardently  hope,  that  after  the  congress  of 
finance  and  science,  there  will  come  one  hailed  as  the  congress  of  Pan 
American  justice,  where  the  delegates  of  all  the  nations  of  America, 
"upon  a  footing  of  genuine  equality  and  unquestioned  independence," 
to  quote  President  Wilson's  happy  words,  shall  convene  to  bear  witness 
that  there  will  be  no  more  pending  questions,  no  unquenched  thirst  for 
right  and  for  redress  between  the  sisters,  but  where  will  only  reign  a 
common  eagerness  for  cooperation  ever  mindful  of  its  goal  of  continental 
good  will  and  happiness,  perished  forever  the  remembrances  of  past  sus- 
picious grievances. 

Finance  and  science  to-day,  laboring  together  to  build  a  continental 
fabric  cemented  with  justice,  vyill  unite  the  Americas  for  the  benefit  of 
humanity,  with  no  fears  for  its  durability;  for,  if  united,  we  shall  stand. 
But  let  no  cause  of  distrust  ever  wander  between  our  nations;  for,  if 
divided,  we  must  fall. 

COSTA   RICA:   EDUARDO  J.  PINTO,  OF  THE  COSTA  RICAN 

DELEGATION. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress,  Ladies 

and  Gentlemen: 

The  peaceful  assembling  of  free  America  to  discuss  in  this  Con- 
gress, and  at  this  moment,  the  best  and  most  adequate  means  science 
can  control  in  order  to  dignify  and  beautify  human  life,  is  highly  signifi- 
cant to  all  who  have  had  the  privilege  to  have  been  born  in  the 
New  World.  And  that  this  should  happen  at  the  precise  moment 
when  the  genius  of  war  prevails,  bringing  ruin  and  desolation  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic,  is  even  more  significant.  The  pride  which 
the  New  Americans  to-day  experience  is  the  more  intense  and  well 
justified  since  this  is  the  Second  Continental  Convention  which  meets 


REPORT  OF  THB   SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  7 1 

in  Washington  during  the  period  of  worid-wide  desolation.  It  would 
seem  that  by  a  natural  reflex  action  Americans,  having  witnessed  the 
result  of  upheaval  and  conflict  across  the  Atlantic,  have  banded  together 
in  order  that  bonds  of  their  security  and  peace  may  be  strengthened  and 
assured. 

Gentlemen  of  the  congress,  Costa  Rica,  my  country,  is  so  small  a  nation 
and  has  so  very  limited  means  at  her  disposal  that  she  is  unable  to 
offer  any  original  work  deserving  the  care  of  the  science  and  learning  of 
your  enlightened  consideration.  I  therefore  beg  of  you  to  accept  in  her 
name  the  earnest  and  sincere  wishes  that  your  efforts  may  attain  the 
most  brilliant  success,  a  success  in  every  respect  befitting  your  learning, 
the  noble  motives  which  summoned  you  here,  and  the  greatness  and 
glory  of  the  nations  you  are  representing  on  this  solemn  occasion. 

CUBA:  HIS  EXCELLENCY  CARLOS  MANUEL  DE  CfiSPEDES, 
ENVOY  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTEN- 
TIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Ambassador,  President  of 

the  Second  Scientific  Congress,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

Speaking  for  the  Cuban  delegates,  I  have  the  honor  of  addressing  your 
excellencies  in  grateful  recognition  of  your  cordial  greeting.  Keenly  do 
we  feel  the  warmth  of,  and  sincere  friendship  in,  your  hearty  welcome  and 
are  touched  with  emotion  by  the  noble  sentiments  so  eloquently  expressed 
here  to-day  in  the  name  of  the  Government  and  the  people  of  the  United 
States. 

Also  we  are  making  fervent  wishes  for  the  welfare  and  glory  of  this 
great  Nation  and  for  the  personal  happiness  of  His  Excellency,  the  Presi- 
dent, in  whom  many  precious  gifts  are  as  innate  as  that  clear  illuminated 
vision  with  which  the  prophets  ascend  to  high  and  sacred  places  and 
announce  the  revelation  of  a  new  era. 

The  impressiveness  of  this  solemn  and  historic  moment  is  second  only 
to  the  magnitude  of  our  collective  mission. 

To  the  Pan  American  Financial  Congress  were  submitted  those 
respective  interests  of  an  economic  character  from  which  the  unity  of 
consular  and  commercial  legislation,  the  prosperity  of  business,  and  all 
that  appertains  to  the  development  of  our  marvelous  natural  and  indus- 
trial resources  are  to  derive.  But  it  was  a  felicitous  inspiration,  indeed, 
that  placed  the  powerful  array  of  efficient  mental  force  here  assembled, 
like  an  army  of  light,  at  the  service  of  Pan  Americanism — a  pact  of 
freemen. 


72  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

The  principle  of  inter-American  altruism  to  which  our  union  is  sub- 
servient represents,  however,  but  one  of  its  conspicuous  merits.  The 
belief  that  Pan  Americanism  is  in  every  sense  a  generous  doctrine  and 
by  no  means  the  egoistic  policy  its  adversaries  have  sought  to  denounce, 
obtains  ample  justification  by  the  fact  that  the  golden  fruits  of  this 
great  conference  are  to  be  presented  at  the  doors  of  civilization  on  the 
palms  of  our  outstretched  hands,  as  a  New  Year's  offering  from  Pan 
America  to  the  world. 

Men  of  deep  learning  and  good  will,  guided  by  the  star  of  science,  are 
come  from  every  nation  of  our  vast  hemisphere  to  meet  other  equally 
representative  men  of  the  same  high  description  and  consider  together 
and  solve,  perhaps,  not  only  domestic  questions  of  a  necessarily  limited 
sphere  but  also  great  universal  problems  of  absorbing  interest  to  the 
modem  mind,  so  earnest  in  its  profound  seeking  from  those  who  study 
the  art  of  good  government,  the  principles  of  moral  conduct,  and  who 
pursue  the  secret  of  creation  and  evolution  through  the  mysterious  realms 
of  nature's  boundless  empire.  Marshaled  here  to  submit  to  the  trial  of 
scientific  investigation  are  systems  and  theories,  hypotheses  and  axioms, 
codes  and  doctrines,  things  useful  materially  and  things  artistic,  ideol- 
ogic, and  of  pure  sentiment,  without  which  the  divine  poem  of  the  uni- 
verse appears  as  but  a  bewildering  combination  of  physical  energies  in 
activity  whose  return  to  chaos  on  the  wings  of  time  will  ever  be  contra- 
dicted as  an  ultimate  scientific  conclusion  by  the  heartlif  ting  promises 
of  our  own  spiritual  essence. 

Nevertheless,  thought  will  examine  and  aid  thought  in  this  great 
academy  of  enlightenment  and  mutual  service.  The  Americas  pursue 
the  benefits  of  union  and  the  truths  of  science  in  an  unbiased  spirit  and, 
for  themselves  as  well  as  for  all,  justice  and  harmony.  The  thunder 
of  a  million  cannon  can  not  alter  the  dignity  of  our  sessions  nor  affect  the 
sereneness  of  our  noble  purpose.  In  the  name  of  Pan  America  we  are 
here  to  proclaim  the  wisdom  of  the  supreme  laws  of  life  and  sit  in  judg- 
ment on  the  sources  of  error,  pain,  and  death,  of  which  scientific  philoso- 
phy has  already  said  that  man  must  be  the  conqueror,  not  the  victim. 

It  is  with  these  ideals  at  heart  that  the  delegates  of  Cuba  are  among 
you  to-day  in  this  great  congress — in  which  the  highest  mentality  of  the 
Americas  is  so  brilliantly  represented — full  of  faith  in  the  outcome  of  its 
labor  and  example. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  73 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC:  HIS  EXCELLENCY  A.  P^REZ  PER- 
DOMO,  ENVOY  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENI- 
POTENTIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress, 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

The  delegation  of  the  Dominican  Republic  shares  the  just  satisfaction 
and  praiseworthy  interest  shown  by  all  the  other  delegations  present 
at  this  function,  whose  unquestioned  importance  is  duly  appreciated  in 
all  its  colossal  magnitude. 

The  Congress  we  are  now  attending,  as  well  as  the  financial  conference 
which  met  in  this  Capital  City,  thanks  to  the  happy  initiative  of  the  honor- 
able the  Secretaries  of  State  and  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  Mr. 
Robert  Lansing  and  Mr.  W.  G.  McAdoo ;  the  several  Pan  American  confer- 
ences previously  held,  and  the  splendid  exposition  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. ; 
these  gatherings  are,  in  a  sense,  but  the  tangible  form  of  the  progressive 
evolution  of  the  beautiful  American  ideal.  Pan  Americanism. 

So,  at  this  moment — at  this  great  historical  moment  in  the  life  of  the 
Americas — we  are  true  co- laborers  in  a  work  whose  beneficent  influence 
on  the  future  destiny  of  these  peoples  we  all  perfectly  understand.  We 
are  striving  for  an  effective  development  of  our  moral  and  material  forces 
through  rational  cooperation,  the  only  cooperation  capable  of  producing 
the  desired  advantageous  and  harmonious  results.  We  are  endeavoring 
to  enlarge  the  horizon  of  our  young  nationalities  through  a  constant 
interchange  of  relations,  interests,  and  ideas,  in  the  firm  belief  that  this 
will  necessarily  crystallize  at  no  distant  day  into  the  perfect  balance  of 
an  effective  prosperity  for  all  the  countries  of  this  hemisphere. 

For  the  Dominican  delegation  the  heart  of  that  supreme  ideal  of  Pan 
Americanism — such  as  we  understand  it — contains  nothing  but  a  boun- 
tiful promise  of  welfare.  Every  one  of  the  nations,  whether  large  or 
small,  which  believe  in  that  ideal,  will  surely  give,  to  receive  it  back  in 
exchange,  that  moral,  intellectual,  or  material  cooperation  which  one 
free  nation  may  give  to  another  free  nation  as  a  token  of  honest  reci- 
procity. The  political,  juridical,  and  international  status  of  every  one  of 
those  peoples,  far  from  being  impaired  by  that  encouraging  common 
action,  will  be  further  strengthened  day  by  day  under  the  protection  of 
the  mutual  respect  which  will  necessarily  shape  the  real  form  of  that 
noble  idea,  and  also  because  of  a  sense  of  the  unswerving  solidarity  which 
will  naturally  grow  among  all  as  their  hearts  come  closer  together  because 
of  the  identity  of  their  aims. 


74  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAl,. 

Hence,  the  delegation  of  the  Dominican  Republic  desires  to  express  its 
earnest  wish  that  the  work  of  this  great  Congress  may  bring  a  large  por- 
tion of  knowledge  to  the  store  of  science  in  its  manifold  phases,  and  also 
pledges  its  humble,  but  earnest  collaboration,  in  the  hope  that  the  bene- 
j&ts  to  be  gained  thereby  may  be  in  keeping,  as  far  as  possible,  with  its 
lofty  purposes. 

But  I  must  not  come  to  a  close  without  discharging  the  imperative 
duty  of  expressing  the  deep  gratitude  of  the  Dominican  delegation  for 
the  kind  reception  extended  to  it  by  the  United  States  of  North  America, 
represented  by  some  of  its  highest  officials  and  by  the  socially  prominent 
people  of  the  Capital  City. 

The  Dominican  Republic,  contemplating  the  glorious  radiance  of  the 
Pan  American  ideal,  sends  fraternal  greetings  to  each  and  every  one  of 
the  countries  here  represented  as  an  earnest  expression  of  its  sentiments 
of  cordiality  and  affection,  and  at  the  same  time  voices  its  good  wishes 
for  the  increasing  welfare  of  all. 

MESSAGE  FROM  PRESIDENT  WILSON. 

The  follomng  telegram  from  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  which  was  read  at  this  juncture  by  Chairman  Phillips, 
of  the  executive  committee,  was  received  most  cordially  by  the  dele- 
gates and  guests  of  the  congress: 

"Please  present  my  warmest  greeting  to  the  delegates  to  the  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress  and  extend  to  them  on  my  behalf  a 
most  cordial  welcome. 

"  It  seems  to  me  to  be  of  the  happiest  omen  that  the  attendance 
upon  this  congress  should  be  so  large  and  the  interest  in  its  proceedings 
so  great.  I  hope  that  the  greatest  success  %vill  attend  every  activity 
of  the  congress  and  that  the  intimate  intercourse  of  thought  which 
it  produces  will  bind  Americans  still  closer  together  throughout  both 
continents,  alike  in  sympathy  and  in  purpose." 
Following  the  reading  of  the  telegram  from  the  President,  responses 
from  the  remaining  countries  were  resumed. 

ECUADOR:  HIS  EXCELLENCY  GONZALO  S.  CORDOVA, 
ENVOY  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPO- 
TENTIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President  6}   the  United   States,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr. 

President  of  the  Congress,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

The  five  minutes  allowed  the  representatives  of  each  of  the  American 
countries  to  offer  on  their  behalf  official  greeting  to  the  Second  Pan 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  75 

American  Scientific  Congress  in  these  the  imposing  moments  of  its  inaug- 
uration, these  five  minutes,  gentlemen,  are  until  now,  in  the  dial  of  my 
public  life,  the  fullest  in  honor  and  the  most  deeply  felt. 

Join  me  then,  gentlemen,  in  saluting,  as  I  in  the  name  of  EcUador 
salute  in  the  person  of  the  distinguished  ambassador  of  Chile  who  pre- 
sides over  us,  the  whole  American  continent  here  reunited  under  the 
shelter  of  peace  and  liberty  for  the  high  purposes  of  the  Scientific  Con- 
gress. 

In  truth,  gentlemen,  but  a  few  months  ago  we  were  likewise  assembled 
in  the  Hall  of  the  Americas  around  our  own  hearthstone,  as  may  be  said, 
but  then  we  deplored  the  absence  of  our  sister  Mexico,  who  could  not 
withdraw  her  attention  while  the  sovereignty  of  her  institutions  remain 
unvindicated  by  her  blood  and  her  arms.  To-day  she  is  here,  and  worthily 
represented,  as  are  represented  the  strength  and  the  power  of  the  thirteen 
States  that  fought  for  the  independence  of  this  nation,  the  thirteen  granite 
columns  that  sustain  this  beautiful  edifice  which  affords  us  generous 
shelter. 

On  that  occasion  to  which  I  am  referring,  as  Mr.  McAdoo,  the  expert 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  will  recall,  the  proposals  of  the  assembly  were 
confined  within  the  limit  of  economics.  To-day  the  sciences,  the  arts, 
the  industries,  in  their  infinite  manifestations  and  progress  are  to  occupy 
the  minds  and  be  subjects  of  study  for  the  thinkers  and  wise  men  of  this 
congress. 

Interest,  or  be  it  material  commerce,  has  its  selfish  purposes,  and  even 
when  it  is  a  powerful  factor  in  the  enlightenment  and  progress  of  peoples  it 
sometimes  gives  rise  to  profound  resentments  and  world-wide  cataclysms. 
Interest  does  not  bind  together  the  nations;  at  times  it  separates  them. 
This,  gentlemen,  is  not  my  thought;  it  belongs  to  the  distinguished 
President  Wilson,  for  he  has  said  of  science  and  conscience,  "It  is  sym- 
pathy, mutual  understanding,  union  in  spirit  which  we  must  seek." 

I  believe,  gentlemen,  that  there  is  no  link  stronger  than  science.  The 
bonds  of  the  peoples  who  communicate  their  ideas,  their  sentiments,  their 
discoveries,  and  which  unify  their  laws,  their  uses,  and  their  customs,  are 
indestructible  chains,  immortal  as  the  spirit  which  permeates  them. 

Let  us  labor  for  union.  This  eventual  period  at  which  we  have  ar- 
rived is  propitious  for  an  alliance  of  the  Americas,  but  an  alliance  for 
peace  and  by  peace;  for  war's  oracle  must  not  sound  within  the  orbit 
of  this  continent,  which  to-day  more  than  ever  needs  the  powerful  help 
of  science  and  the  concourse  of  its  wise  ones,  that  the  gifts  of  a  lavish 
nature  may  be  employed  for  the  comfort  of  all  humanity.  Happily  we 
have  no  enemy,  nor  are  we  busy  with  the  idea  of  balance  of  power 


76  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

among  nations,  to  absorb  the  public  wealth  in  accumulating  elements  of 
destruction.     We  would  balance  ourselves  solely  in  the  scales  of  justice. 

It  is,  then,  for  the  eminent  jurisconsults  and  internationalists  of  this 
congress  to  establish  the  bases  of  our  future,  of  our  American  interna- 
tional law.  They  know  profoundly  the  spirit  which  animates  this  people 
and  the  peoples  of  Latin  origin,  and  they  know  that  alone  at  the  altar 
of  right  and  equality  is  possible  the  communion  of  free  nations. 

Is  this  a  dream  impossible  of  realization  ?  Will  the  day  be  far  distant 
when  we  shall  see  floating  over  the  vast  Columbian  Continent  an  im- 
mense banner  covered  with  stars,  but  all  of  the  first  magnitude,  all 
shining  with  their  own  light,  independent  and  sovereign?  Let  us  hope 
and  trust  the  future. 

I  close,  Mr.  President,  with  a  message  more  of  cordial  good  will  than  of 
tribute  to  this  congress  in  the  name  of  the  Benigno  Malo  National  Col- 
lege of  Cuenca  and  the  Juridical  Literary  Society  of  Quito,  young  bodies 
cultivating  science  and  letters,  who  have  honored  me  with  their  repre- 
sentation in  this  congress. 

GUATEMALA :  HIS  EXCELLENCY  JOAQUiN  MfiNDEZ,  ENVOY 
EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr. 
President  of  the  Congress,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

The  delegation  of  Guatemala  thanks  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  most  heartily  for  the  cordial  welcome  which  it  has  so  kindly  given  it 
at  this  important  Pan  American  meeting.  The  universal  sentiment  in  all 
the  countries  of  America  to-day  is  that  of  reciprocal  fellow  feeling  and 
good  friendship;  and  this  is  specially  shown  by  the  mutual  desire  to 
continue  in  every  way  possible  the  close  relationship  which  happily 
exists  between  the  Latin  American  Republics  and  the  United  States. 
This  meeting  has  been  the  ideal  of  the  great  men  of  both  North  and 
South  America;  but  it  was  left  to  the  men  of  our  time  to  succeed  in 
fulfilling  it  through  the  unification  of  ideals,  of  international  law,  of 
commerce,  and  of  all  the  moral  and  material  interests. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  which  now  meets  in  the 
beautiful  city  of  Washington,  signifies  one  more  and  very  important 
step  in  the  unification  of  these  ideals  and  interests;  and  on  that  account 
it  is  very  gratifying  to  us  to  find  ourselves  on  this  propitious  occasion  in 
the  company  of  the  distinguished  representatives  of  the  thought  of  the 
three  Americas,  whose  labors  undoubtedly  will  be  of  great  benefit  to  the 
progress  of  the  sciences  and  culture  of  the  sister  Republics. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL-  JJ 

HAITI:    CHARLES     MATHON,     OF    THE    DELEGATION     OF 

HAITI. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress,  Ladies 

and  Gentlemen: 

In  the  name  of  the  Haitian  delegation  I  take  pleasure  in  thanking  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  for  the  signal  honor  which  it  has  con- 
ferred upon  the  Republic  of  Haiti  in  inviting  it  to  share  in  the  delibera- 
tions of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  This  scientific 
reunion  will  surely  call  forth  an  exchange  of  views  and  opinions  on  all 
questions  that  concern  the  prosperity  of  the  nations  of  the  New  World 
and  will  tighten  the  bonds  uniting  them  in  a  union  of  solidarity.  This 
initiative  on  the  part  of  the  American  Government  testifies  highly  to  the 
sincere  desire  of  the  great  Republic  to  contribute  to  the  common  happi- 
ness. For  me,  therefore,  it  is  particularly  a  great  pleasure  to  offer  in  the 
name  of  the  Haitian  delegation  the  most  fervent  wishes  for  the  complete 
success  of  the  labors  of  the  Congress  and  to  express  the  hope  that  they 
may  mark  a  new  step  in  the  life  of  the  American  nations, 

HONDURAS;  CARLOS  ALBERTO   UCLfiS,  RECTOR   OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  HONDURAS. 

Mr.  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Presi- 
dent of  the  Congress,  Delegates,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 
First  of  all  I  wish  to  discharge  the  pleasant  duty  of  greeting  the  eminent 
personalities  in  the  field  of  political  science  and  letters.  I  also  desire, 
on  the  occasion  of  this  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  both 
personally  and  in  my  official  capacity  on  behalf  of  the  Government  of 
Honduras,  to  thank  most  courteously  the  enlightened  Government  of 
the  United  States  which  sent  out  the  call,  and  the  generous  Carnegie 
Endowment,  which  also  sent  an  invitation,  for  the  splendid  reception 
given  to  the  Honduran  delegation,  both  official  and  unofficial. 

Among  the  members  of  this  illustrious  assembly,  where  the  intellectual 
New  World  is  so  well  represented  by  prominent  statesmen  and  diplomats, 
scientists,  and  men  of  letters,  I  fail  to  find  words  to  express  my  thoughts. 
After  the  eloquent  addresses  of  his  excellency  the  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States,  his  excellency  the  Secretary  of  State,  his  excellency  the 
president  of  the  Scientific  Congress,  and  the  honorable  gentlemen  who 
are  chairmen  of  the  respective  delegations,  addresses  which  we  have  heard 
with  great  pleasure,  attention,  and  applause,  I  hope  you  will  pardon  the 
effort  of  a  man  scarcely  known  in  Central  America. 


78  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

I  find  myself  in  the  presence  of  the  prominent  men  who  are  delegates 
from  the  twenty-one  Republics  of  the  continent,  who  gather  here  for  the 
purpose  of  seeking  through  science  to  establish  a  stronger  friendship,  a 
more  binding  solidarity,  a  better  balanced  progress  among  all.  I  am  now 
in  the  presence  of  charming  ladies  who  lend  to  this  gathering  the  dignity 
of  a  continental  academy,  and  I  see  the  flags  of  all  the  countries  of  the 
Americas,  resplendent  in  all  the  colors  of  the  heavens  and  the  earth, 
bound  together  by  garlands  of  flowers.  These  are  the  flags  of  Washing- 
ton, Bolivar,  and  Morazan,  symbols  of  independence,  liberty,  and  federa- 
tion, placed  among  olive  branches  and  laurel  wreaths,  gracing  the  Capitol 
City  with  its  starry  flag. 

Ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  shall  use  to  express  my  thoughts  on  this  sol- 
emn occasion  the  language  of  Cervantes,  the  language  of  Spain,  the 
mother  country,  after  having  heard  the  chaste  prose  of  the  language  of 
Shakespeare,  Camoens,  and  Victor  Hugo.  But  if  I  can  not  understand 
well  the  master  language  of  progress,  common  law,  and  science,  I  do 
readily  understand  the  universal  language  of  conscience,  right,  and  peace. 

In  this  Memorial  Continental  Hall,  where  we  can  not  forget  the  Daugh- 
ters of  the  American  Revolution,  there  come  to  me,  like  a  smile  of  promise 
of  success,  at  the  very  moment  when  classic  Europe  is  engaged  in  an 
epic — not  a  romantic — war,  now,  as  in  the  Pan  American  Union,  which 
represents  international  unity,  there  come  to  my  ears,  I  say,  the  strains 
of  the  Pan  American  Hymn,  which  is  a  poem  to  science,  peace,  and  union. 

The  Scientific  Congress  which  meets  here  this  day,  as  well  as  the 
scholarly  Congress  of  Americanists  and  other  learned  American  societies 
which  will  also  collaborate  in  its  success,  following  in  the  wake  of  the 
Scientific  Congresses  of  Santiago  in  Chile,  Buenos  Aires,  Montevideo, 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  will  devote  its  energies  principally  to  science,  which 
Goethe,  the  genius  of  Germany,  defined  as  "light,  and  more  light." 
The  American  Institute  of  International  Law^  which  I  consider  foremost 
in  every  respect,  will  labor  for  right  and  peace.  When  the  Institute  of 
Ghent — European  or  universal — consisting  mainly  of  belligerents,  can 
not  speak  impartially  in  the  name  of  justice,  the  American  Institute  of 
W^ashington,  consisting  solely  of  neutrals,  may  perhaps  have  a  right  to 
speak.  The  Second  Pan  American  Congress,  even  more  than  the  First, 
although  the  First  has  greater  merit  for  being  such,  is  an  honor  and  will 
prove  a  benefit  to  the  Great  Republic  we  all  sincerely  admire,  and  to 
the  rest  of  the  American  Republics  that  we  all  love  without  distinction 
of  cotmtry  or  race — for  Pan  America,  in  short — because  it  also  serves 
humanity  and  civilization. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  79 

The  Monroe  doctrine  is  a  national  policy  of  the  United  States  which 
prepared  the  way  for  Anglo-American  diplomacy,  and  has  served  as  a' 
sovereign  aegis  to  the  Republic;  a  shield,  not  a  lance,  for  all  America, 
three  in  one.  And  Pan  Americanism,  a  brother  and  a  friend  to  the 
republican  continent,  to  the  one  who  comes  from  England  or  France, 
from  Spain  or  Portugal,  and  knows  of  the  Magna  Charta,  and  is  ac- 
quainted with  the  principles  of  justice:  Pan  Americanism,  I  say,  is  an 
international  policy,  the  outcome  of  that  doctrine,  which  respects  every 
country  and  race.  The  cordial  welcome  extended  by  their  excellencies 
the  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  and  the  Secretary  of  State, 
jvherein  definite  and  emphatic  statements  are  made,  has  honored  the 
delegates,  and  the  heartfelt  words  of  greeting  from  his  excellency  the 
president  of  the  Congress  are  for  us  Latin  Americans  a  token  of  harmony 
both  advantageous  and  reciprocal. 

In  the  history  of  America,  if  not  in  the  history  of  the  world,  this  day 
will  undoubtedly  be  a  great  day.  The  courteous  and  honored  telegraphic 
message  from  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America 
to  the  Scientific  Congress,  a  message  of  good  will  and  encouragement, 
has  been  received  by  all  the  delegates  with  respect  and  appreciation,  with 
gratitude  and  applause.  For  the  honored  Chief  Executive  of  the  United 
States  of  America  the  Government  of  Honduras,  as  well  as  the  Honduran 
delegation,  the  entire  country,  offers  its  sentiments  of  most  distinguished 
consideration.  It  is  principally  due  to  him,  and  also  to  the  savants  of 
the  twenty-one  Republics  here  assembled,  that  we  have  come,  as  a  token  of 
appreciation  on  the  part  of  my  Government,  to  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress,  which  is  to-day  for  the  world  discovered  by  Colum- 
bus, a  symbol  of  peace  and  a  great  light,  and  which  is  bound  to  be  to- 
morrow and  forever  the  realization  of  a  hope. 

MEXICO:^ 

NICARAGUA:  DR.  DAMASCO  RIVAS,  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENN- 
SYLVANIA. 

His  Excellency  the  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  the  Secretary  of 
State,  the  President  of  the  Congress,  Members  of  the  Congress,  Ladies  and 
Gentlemen: 

There  is  scarcely  anything  to  add  to  what  has  been  already  said  in 
reference  to  the  purpose  and  spirit  which  unite  us  together  this  morning 
as  we  begin  the  pleasant  task  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific 
Congress  in  the  Capital  of  this,  our  sister  Republic.  Nothing  can  be 
added  to  the  wise  advice  already  expressed  by  the  Vice  President  and 

>  No  address  delivered. 
48192—17 6 


8o  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Secretary  of  State  of  this  great  Republic  and  the  president  of  the  congress. 
We  all  realize  and  firmly  believe  in  the  sincerity  of  their  expression  of 
good  wishes  and  fraternal  welcome,  and  we  know  that  each  one  of  us  on 
this  great  occasion  has  only  one  purpose,  i.  e.,  to  strive  for  the  mutual 
benefit  and  progress  of  these  great  Americas  as  a  whole.  But  there  are, 
perhaps,  some  points  which  I,  in  the  capacity  of  one  who  has  resided  for 
almost  twenty  years  in  this  country,  may  be  permitted  to  express  to  you. 

It  has  been  often  said  that  science  is  the  only  thing  which  unites 
indi\4duals  in  the  different  w  alks  of  life,  countries,  races,  and  the  world 
as  a  whole  into  a  single  thought-vehicle,  which  gives  impetus  to  the 
progress  of  the  human  race;  but  though  science  is  no  doubt  the  alluringi 
light  which  has  attracted  us  to  this  city  from  the  most  remote  places  of 
the  American  Continent,  science  in  reality  merely  represents  the  effect 
but  not  the  cause  of  that  irresistible  force  which,  if  carefully  considered, 
obeys  that  which  stands  for  itself,  indominitable,  unshakable,  and 
invariable — the  truth. 

It  is  because  truth  constitutes  the  principle  upon  which  science  is 
based  that  science  has  that  magnetic  and  irresistible  power  to  bring  us 
together  on  this  occasion.  We  have  only  to  congratulate  ourselves  on 
being  members  and  representatives  of  this  congress,  whose  only  efforts 
from  to-day  and  to-morrow  and  the  morrow  after  is  toward  the  investi- 
gation and  enlightenment  of  that  knowledge. 

It  is  that  mighty  truth  promulgated  by  Lincoln,  uttered  and  followed 
by  the  President  of  this  country,  and  the  representatives  of  the  American 
countries  as  a  whole,  "A  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and 
for  the  people"  that  guides,  and  should  guide  always,  the  culture  and 
education  of  the  American  Continent. 

I  say  culture  and  education,  and  not  civilization,  because  civilization, 
a  fictitious  and  misleading  thing,  may  bring  men  to  disorganization, 
depredation,  and  to  the  border  of  death,  while  culture  and  education, 
alone,  bring  men  to  the  plane  of  clearly  imderstanding  the  difference 
between  right  and  wrong. 

The  present  European  conflict  is  the  result  of  that  civilization.  What 
a  contrast  between  the  strife  in  the  Old  World  and  the  peace  in  America  at 
the  present !  We  all  know  that  America  does  not  stand  for  war,  that  force 
does  not  represent  the  sound  principles  for  the  ruling  of  nations.  We  do 
not  desire  war,  not  because  we  are  afraid  of  it  or  too  proud  to  fight,  but 
because  there  is  no  place  for  it  with  us.  We  claim  to  be  sufficiently 
educated  to  avoid  a  disastrous  and  unnecessary  conflict.  We  are  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  fact  that  our  education  has  reached  such  a  develop- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  8 1 

ment,  and  if  we  can  not  improve  any  further,  let  us  stay  where  we  are, 
at  least. 

There  is  a  time  in  which  a  nation  strives  for  independence.  All  the 
American  Republics  have  separated  from  the  mother  countries,  attained 
the  age  of  maturity,  and  asked  for  a  place  in  the  world.  President  Cleve- 
land, in  the  time  of  his  administration,  called  the  attention,  not  only  of 
England,  but  of  Europe  as  a  whole,  to  the  fact  that  America  was  for  the 
Americans,  and  since  then  we  may  say  the  American  Republics  became 
independent.  Monroe,  of  course,  is  the  father  of  that  doctrine;  but  who 
is  greater,  the  one  who  promulgates  a  doctrine,  or  the  one  who  establishes 
it.?  Let  us  honor  Monroe,  but  let  us  admire  and  thank  Cleveland  for  hav- 
ing given  us  our  continental  independence  and  liberty;  but,  above  all,  let 
us  work  in  harmony  and  cooperate  together  for  the  maintenance  of  that 
independence. 

Coming  now  to  us,  the  Latin  American  Republics,  allow  me  to  remind 
you  of  a  common  expression  applied  to  us.  I  mean  the  "manana."  We 
are  known  to  leave  things  for  to-morrow.  Do  we  really  represent  that 
"manana"?  If  so,  let  us  make  it  to-day.  In  this  connection  I  am 
reminded  of  the  last  words  of  Columbus.  When  sick  and  in  need  his 
faithful  friend  Don  Juan  requested  his  permission  to  go  to  the  court  and 
ask  for  charity.  In  spite  of  Columbus'  refusal,  he  went,  nevertheless. 
When  he  came  back,  Columbus  asked  him,  "Well,  what  is  the  news?" 
And  Don  Juan  replied:  "Tal  vez  manana,"  which  means  "perhaps 
to-morrow." 

Manana,  esa  palabra  vana, 
Se  ha  interpuesto  en  mi  camino; 
Yo  daros  un  mundo  quiero. 
En  voz  alta  les  gritaba 
Y  manana  repetia 
El  viejo  mtmdo  en  que  muero. 

i  Y  hoy  que  ese  mundo  les  di, 
Y  tu  que;  fuiste  a  buscar. 
Para  CoI6n  un  hogar 
Me  traes  una  manana  a  mi  ? 
Raza  orgullosa  y  liviana, 
Bajo  en  cuyo  ambiente  estoy 
Si  no  sabeis  lo  que  es  hoy 
Qu6  sabeis  lo  que  es  el  maiiana? 

I  have  referred  to  that  poem,  gentlemen,  because  it  says,  in  a  few 
words,  if  we  do  not  know  what  is  to-day  we  never  can  know  what  will 
be  to-morrow.     Of  course,  to  us  the  beautiful  Stars  and  Stripes,  or  the 


82  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Blue  and  Red,  or  any  color  that  is  the  emblem  of  our  nation,  is  dear; 
but  let  us  in  the  future  honor,  when  we  honor  the  flag  of  any  nation, 
the  flag  of  truth  and  cooperation  in  love  and  justice. 

In  conclusion,  I  beg  to  extend  to  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  His  Excellency  the  Vice  President,  and  the  Secretary  of  State, 
in  the  name  of  the  Government  of  Nicaragua  and  of  her  minister  here, 
sincere  thanks  for  the  kind  invitation  and  honor  extended  to  Nicaragua 
to  participate  in  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  and  to 
say  that  though  Nicaragua  is  a  small  country  it  voices  the  same  senti- 
ment of  the  other  Latin  American  Republics,  sentiments  of  thankfulness 
and  admiration  for  the  great  sister  Republic  of  the  North. 

PANAMA:   HIS    EXCELLENCY   EUSEBIO    MORALES,    ENVOY 
EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTENTLARY. 

(It  is  deeply  regretted  that  the  discourse  of  His  Excellency  was  not 
available  at  the  time  of  printing  this  report.) 

PARAGUAY:   EUSEBIO   AYALA,  PROFESSOR   OF   POLITICAL 
ECONOMY,  UNIVERSITY  OF  PARAGUAY. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress,  Ladies 

and  Gentlemen: 

On  behalf  of  the  Paraguayan  delegation  I  will  say  a  few  words  to  the 
congress.  First  of  all  I  wish  to  express  the  great  satisfaction  that  we, 
the  Paraguayan  delegates,  feel  in  finding  ourselves  in  this  hall  among  the 
distinguished  representatives  of  the  other  American  nations.  An  event 
of  this  kind  is  always  agreeable  in  cultivating  friendly  relations,  and  par- 
ticularly at  the  present  moment  when  we  are  all  animated  by  the  same 
spirit,  because  the  purpose  for  which  these  periodical  gatherings  meet  will 
undoubtedly  regulate  our  deliberations  and  our  acts. 

This  is  not  a  meeting  of  diplomats  under  the  restrictions  imposed 
by  ofiicial  usages.  We  may  describe  it  more  accurately  by  saying  that 
it  is  a  great  gathering  of  men  of  good  will  entrusted  with  the  duty  of 
giving  a  positive  expression  to  the  mutual  sentiments  of  benevolence 
shared  by  the  nations  of  the  New  World. 

What  can  be  the  concrete  form  of  what  we  propose  to  do  ?  I  believe, 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  there  is  none  better  than  that  which  the  program 
sets  forth.  The  topics  are  not  those  of  a  pure  and  abstract  science;  they 
are  related  above  all  to  the  vital  and  immediate  interests  of  the  nations 
we  represent,  whether  one  takes  them  singly  or  as  a  whole.  We  have 
been  invited  to  bring  the  experience  we  have  had  in  our  respective  call- 


REPORT  OF  the;   secretary  GENERAL,  83 

ings  to  be  fused  in  the  common  patrimony  of  America;  and  at  the  same 
time  that  we  go  over  this  inventory  of  our  program  we  shall  be  preparing 
the  work  of  the  future,  effacing  the  obstacles  that  geographic  and  psycho- 
logic distances  may  place  in  the  way  of  a  more  intimate  collaboration  of 
the  peoples  and  men  of  our  continent. 

Pan  Americanism  is  to  be — if  we  wish  it — something  above  the  com- 
munity of  races  which  seek  to  merge  in  history,  either  by  diplomatic 
agreements  or  by  the  fortunes  of  war.  Pan  Americanism  will  be  this, 
because  it  means  more  than  ethnic  relationship;  it  means  a  conscious 
solidarity  inspired  in  mutual  trust  and  developed  through  fairness. 

President  Wilson,  in  his  message  of  December  7,  has  spoken  historic 
words,  which  will  explain  to  the  world  the  meaning  of  this  factor  that 
gathers  new  energy  during  the  tragic  hours  through  which  humanity  is 
now  passing.  America  assumes  a  lofty  mission  of  humanitarianism  and 
civilization,  and  its  efforts  will  be  the  more  fruitful  now  and  in  the  future 
as  we  bend  all  our  energies  to  the  destruction  of  that  which  keeps  us  apart 
and  to  the  fostering  of  that  which  binds  us  together.  These  are  the  ideals 
which  Paraguay  represents  in  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress. 

PERU:  ISAAC  ALZAMORA,  OF  THE  PERUVIAN  DELEGATION. 

Your  Excellencies,  Chairman  of  the  Congress,  Vice  President,  and  Secretary 
of  State,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

The  delegation  of  Peru  to  this  congress  of  scientists  is  deeply  grateful 
for  the  welcome  of  their  excellencies  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
the  Vice  President,  and  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  feels  honored  in  pre- 
senting to  the  Government  and  to  the  scientific  institutions  of  this  great 
country,  here  so  well  represented,  the  sincere  wishes  of  the  scientific  insti- 
tutions of  Peru  for  the  accomplishment  of  the  noble  purposes  which  have 
been  held  in  view  in  organizing  this  Second  Pan  American  Scientific 
Congress. 

Although  the  scientific  institutions  of  Peru  are  far  from  having  reached 
a  stage  of  development  and  vigor  such  as  has  been  attained  by  those  of 
this  Republic,  they  experience  no  other  sentiment  in  reference  to  the 
latter  than  that  of  deep  interest  and  admiration  for  their  progress,  and 
they  subscribe  to  the  present  gathering  in  so  far  as  their  limited  resources 
permit  with  sincere  enthusiasm  and  persistent  faith. 

Congresses  such  as  this  can  create  a  special  American  science  capable  of 
judging  and  of  resolving  theoretically,  with  the  austere  criterion  of  learn- 
ing, the  situations  and  problems  which  arise  in  the  various  nations  of 
the  continent.     In  this  manner  they  would  be  a  powerful  factor  not  only 


84  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

for  the  reciprocal  knowledge  of  all  our  Republics,  which  is  the  only  sure 
base  of  firm  relations  and  of  harmonious  progress,  but  for  the  development 
of  each  one  of  them,  and  they  would  avoid  internal  controversies  of  a  less 
disinterested  character  and  results  which  are  often  disastrous.  In  other 
words,  the  purely  scientific  disquisitions  of  these  great  American  assem- 
blies can  not  only  enlighten  each  one  of  the  concurrent  nations  in  solving 
their  own  problems,  but  can  suppress  the  element  of  passion  which  gen- 
erally accompanies  that  process,  thus  constituting  the  most  admirable 
concert  in  the  march  of  all  the  countries  of  America,  by  the  most  peaceful 
paths,  toward  the  highest  spheres  of  progress  that  have  ever  been  reached 
by  any  continent  of  the  earth. 

SALVADOR:   HIS  EXCELLENCY  RAFAEL   ZALDIVAR,  ENVOY 
EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  President  of  the  Congress, 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

At  this  very  moment  in  the  history  of  the  civilized  peoples  of  the  world 
the  meeting  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  is  indeed  a 
most  fortunate  event,  as  it  represents  the  loftiest,  most  generous,  and 
practical  ideals  in  all  branches  of  progress,  either  scientific,  economic,  or 
political,  for  the  manifest  benefit  of  the  most  sacred,  moral  and  material 
interests  of  the  free  nations  of  the  New  World. 

At  no  other  time,  perhaps,  could  such  a  noble  and  great  ejffort  of  sound 
patriotism  and  of  the  learned  minds  of  the  three  Americas  be  more 
welcome.  It  is  an  effort  to  create  legitimate  bonds  based  on  right  and 
equitable  principles  that  are  in  accord  with  the  loftiest  conception  of  the 
science  and  the  philosophy  of  law  in  order  that  there  may  be  attained 
stable  peace,  a  higher  degree  of  culture,  and  the  possible  aggrandizement 
that  the  American  Republics  strive  for,  a  peace,  culture,  and  aggrandize- 
ment based  on  their  unimpaired  independence  in  the  exercise  of  full 
sovereignty  honestly  guaranteed  and  respected  both  in  the  realm  of 
international  public  law  and  in  the  normal  life  of  active  and  effective 
political  relations  maintained  by  their  respective  governments. 

The  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Salvador  enthusiastically  supports 
the  genuine  and  beneficent  Pan  American  ideals,  because  they  must  con- 
stitute in  reality  a  powerful  force  for  the  defense  of  the  life — a  dignified 
and  wholly  unimpaired  life — of  all  the  nations  of  the  American  continents 
without  regard  to  their  elements  and  resources  of  material  power;  and 
as  a  token  of  what  I  have  stated  Salvador  comes,  represented  by  its 
delegation,  to  this  brilliant  gathering  of  the  loyally  pacifist  and  progres- 
sive minds  of  America  with  the  earnest  hope  that  its  intelligent  and  well' 


REPORT  01?  THU  SECRETARY  GENERAI^.  85 

directed  work  may  attain  that  splendid  and  flattering  success  so  desired 
by  all,  and  especially  by  the  small  American  democracies. 

On  this  great  occasion  the  delegation  of  the  Republic  of  Salvador  takes 
pleasure  in  reciprocating,  with  a  sentiment  of  deep  gratitude  and  sincere 
respect,  the  kind  welcome  and  delicate  marks  of  fraternity  with  which 
it  has  been  honored  by  the  distinguished  Government  of  the  North 
American  Nation  and  the  worthy  executive  committee  which  has  organ- 
ized this  important  congress. 

URUGUAY:  HIS  EXCELLENCY  CARLOS  MARIA  DE  PENA, 
ENVOY  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTEN- 
TIARY. 

Mr.  Vice  President,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and 
Gentlemen: 

When  reviewing  the  brilliant  success  of  the  Pan  American  Financial 
Conference,  it  occurred  to  me  that  the  political  skeptic  who  said  "If  you 
want  to  do  nothing,  hold  a  congress,"  was  wrong.  Fortunately,  at  the 
present  time  and  in  the  country  par  excellence  of  congresses,  we  rid 
ourselves  of  that  pessimism,  and  we  shall  continue  onward  with  faith 
in  our  purposes.  What  are  the  things,  great  or  small,  .that  have  not 
been  accomplished  in  congresses  in  this  country  of  marvelous  energies 
and  of  triumphant  democracy  ? 

This  congress  is  of  general  scientific  character  for  the  exchange  of 
ideas,  of  views,  of  reports,  of  methods,  and  of  investigation.  It  is  a 
congress  seeking  solutions  of  great  interest  to  both  hemispheres.  It  is 
a  congress  of  the  Americas;  and  for  that  reason  we  must  exert  ourselves 
in  order  that  the  results  we  long  for  may  be  attained,  and  that  this 
congress  may  be  worthy  of  the  scientific  and  moral  standards  of  our 
continent. 

How  we  have  failed  to-  know  one  another,  gentlemen ! 

How  much  we  have  still  to  do  in  order  to  appreciate  one  another! 

This  is  a  gathering  of  men  who  have  come  from  all  points  of  our 
continent,  bringing  with  them  the  light  which  shines  in  the  midst  of 
all  our  countries,  countries  that  long  for  a  common  understanding  and 
that  are  called  upon  for  active  cooperation  in  the  vast  field  of  investiga- 
tion and  science  in  its  various  branches;  countries  that  rise  up  high  to 
see  one  another  better  and  greet  one  another  as  friends  and  collaborators 
across  the  distance  we  are  constantly  reducing;  countries  desirous  of 
strengthening  the  moral  and  intellectual  ties,  breathing  as  they  do  the 
same  atmosphere  of  political  institutions;  countries  that  desire  to  think 
together  and  act  together  "upon  the  footing  of  genuine  equality  and 


86  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

unquestioned  independency,"  marching  onward  animated  by  common 
ideals  and  determined  to  maintain  their  own  position  and  personality, 
opening  up  a  road  of  influence  as  a  new  factor  in  the  destinies  of  the 
world. 

I  note,  gentlemen,  that  I  am  almost  repeating  the  eloquent  words  of 
His  Excellency,  President  Wilson,  contained  in  his  noteworthy  message 
on  Pan  Americanism. 

And  permit  me  to  say  that  I  do  not  employ  other  words  because  there 
are  none  more  expressive.  This  repetition  is  not  out  of  place  here, 
because  this  is  a  Pan  American  congress  in  which  all  of  us  are  called  on 
to  work,  treading  the  furrow  of  Pan  Americanism  in  which  President 
Wilson  has  sown  such  precious  seed  to  bear  fruit  at  all  times. 

Let  me  say  that  it  is  a  great  consolation,  a  great  joy  for  all  the  nations 
of  our  hemisphere,  to  be  able  to  devote  a  few  quiet  moments  in  order  to 
throw  light  upon  a  part  of  human  culture  in  this  continent,  at  a  time  of 
great  disturbance  and  sorrow  when  the  social  and  intellectual  life  of  the 
Old  World  appears  suspended  as  a  result  of  the  tremendous  struggle  among 
nations  that  blazed  the  way  for  us  along  the  paths  of  civilization  and 
cleared  the  road  toward  literary  and  material  progress  and  comfort  and 
artistic  refinement. 

From  this  coimtry — the  great  and  happy  home  of  so  many  dijBFerent 
human  races — will  be  heard,  through  the  Second  Pan  American  Scien- 
tific Congress,  the  voice  of  pacific  America  proclaiming  the  prepetuity  of 
moral  and  intellectual  ties,  of  cordial  relations,  of  the  beneficial  coopera- 
tion of  the  Republics  of  our  continent — ^free  from  the  gravest  social, 
political,  and  economic  prejudices  which  have  disturbed  and  under- 
mined the  very  foundation  of  the  life  of  Europe. 

From  this  congress,  from  those  which  preceded  it,  and  from  those 
still  that  are  now  being  held  in  this  beautiful  city  of  Washington,  and 
from  others  in  the  near  future,  will  spring  valuable  and  decisive  elements 
in  tbe  renewal  of  the  rights  of  nations;  will  spring  the  outlines  of  a  new 
and  political  regime — the  new  social  and  international  gospel  upon  which 
the  structure  of  the  civilization  of  the  world  is  to  be  restored  and  recon- 
structed. 

Gentlemen,  let  this  congress  and  all  others  be  welcomed,  as  they  pro- 
mote in  the  highest  degree  a  profitable  exchange  of  ideas  and  explora- 
tions in  the  mysterious  sources  of  life,  of  human  values,  of  the  progress 
and  achievements  of  studious,  scientific,  and  professional  men  in  the 
different  branches  of  learning.  Let  them  be  welcomed  because  they  are 
a  review  of  the  enormous  material  from  observation  and  science  ac- 
cumulated, little  by  little,  in  every  country  in  America;  because  they 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  87 

represent  one  of  the  most  valuable  efforts  to  increase  and  harmonize  the 
common  patrimony  of  mankind.  I^et  these  congresses  be  welcomed, 
because  they  lay  out  the  direction  of  scientific  courses  and  accelerate 
progress  in  the  most  fruitful  field  of  the  practical  application  of  science 
in  our  hemisphere. 

With  these  ideas  and  sentiments  the  Government  of  Uruguay,  desirous 
of  cooperating  with  that  of  the  United  States  and  with  the  others  of 
America  in  the  success  of  this  Congress,  has  stimulated  the  activity  of 
men  of  learning  and  science  in  my  country,  and  has  also  sent  delegates 
to  this  congress. 

With  those  same  ideas  and  sentiments  our  delegates,  and  I  also,  join 
in  your  work,  confident  that  we  are  taking  part  in  one  of  the  epoch- 
making  congresses  in  the  annals  of  America. 

VENEZUELA:  HIS  EXCELLENCY  SANTOS  A.  DOMfNICI, 
ENVOY  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTER  PLENIPOTEN- 
TIARY. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  Venezuela  has  accepted  with  genuine  pleasure 
the  invitation  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  attend  this 
gathering  of  the  men  of  the  Americas  who  are  devoted  to  science.  Fol- 
lowing the  Pan  American  Financial  Conference,  the  meeting  of  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  in  this  beautiful  Capital  is  a  happy 
coincidence  in  which  the  governments  and  peoples  of  I^atin  America  have 
a  cause  for  mutual  congratulation  as  an  auspicious  omen  favorable  to  the 
lofty  purpose  which  brings  them  here.  And  this  purpose  is  no  other 
than  to  make  of  these  meetings  the  fount  and  head  of  the  current  of 
cordiality,  mutual  appreciation  and  community  of  interests  which  will 
some  day  make  the  union  of  the  Republics  of  this  hemisphere,  the  dream 
of  our  several  liberators,  a  wonderful  reality. 

The  congress  that  meets  to-day  for  the  first  time  is  a  happy  sequence 
to  the  financial  conference,  because  they  both  represent  the  two  main 
currents  which  must  be  fed  to  make  such  union  effective,  that  is,  on  the 
one  hand  the  current  of  the  mind  which  runs  through  the  golden  threads  of 
thought  and  art,  and  on  the  other  that  of  material  needs  which  flows 
through  the  channels  of  trade  and  industry.  Both  these  currents  have 
always  run  simultaneously  and  inseparably,  on  parallel  lines,  the  one 
above  the  other. 

Furthermore,  in  meeting  here  to-day,  before  the  altar  of  Minerva,  in 
these  sad  days  when  the  nations  that  have  always  been  the  masters  of 
philosophy  have  forsaken  the  temples  of  that  goddess  to  engage  in  a 
struggle,  the  cause  of  which  philosophy  itself  considers  to  be  abhorrent, 


88  REPORT   OF  Tim   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

but  as  to  the  outcome  of  which  even  tlie  combatants  themselves  are  in 
the  dark — a  struggle  before  which,  against  our  deepest  sentiments,  we 
must  remain  as  mournful  spectators — ^in  meeting  here  to-day,  I  say,  I 
feel  that  we  are  discharging  a  great  duty  to  civilization.  Far  from  me 
the  idea  of  insinuating  that  our  position  is  one  of  protest  against  the  war, 
because  it  is  not  so,  neither  in  thought  nor  in  fact.  But^I  must  say  that 
between  the  rage  that  moves  the  struggling  nations  of  Europe  and  the 
thought  that  prompted  the  meeting  of  the  Republics  of  America  here, 
this  day,  there  is  a  glowing  contrast,  and  therefore  a  valuable  lesson  by 
which  we  are  to  profit  first  of  all  ourselves. 

In  the  history  of  America  we  have  reached  a  period  when  international 
niceties  and  conventionalisms  are  not  enough.  There  is  no  mistaking 
the  manifestations  of  the  desire  of  their  several  peoples  to  see  the  rings 
of  such  conventionalities  broken  asunder  in  order  to  enter  into  an  unin- 
cumbered and  friendly  intercourse  among  themselves.  Let  us  know 
each  other  better  and  more  intimately;  let  us  put  into  that  mutual 
knowledge  the  greatest  sincerity,  let  us  carefully  measure  our  aspirations 
and  desires,  let  us  be  prudent  in  examining  the  causes  which  at  first  sight 
we  have  not  been  able  to  understand,  and  we  will  soon  see  in  ever  increas- 
ing gradation,  mutual  tolerance,  mutual  appreciation,  friendship,  and 
even  warm  affection  among  the  several  countries  in  this  hemisphere. 

That  this  process  is  to  be  a  long  one  no  one  can  doubt,  as  there  are 
many  difficulties  in  its  way,  not  only  of  a  geographical  character,  but  of 
an  ethnical  nature  as  well.  But  one  after  the  other  will  give  way  to 
earnest  and  loyal  intent;  each  coming  generation  will  purify,  from  the 
troubled  waters  of  humanity,  its  own  dregs,  until  the  day  will  come 
when  through  the  fusion  of  ideas  and  good  will  the  waters  made  clear  will 
run  in  a  flood  of  equality  and  fraternity  of  the  peoples  of  America. 

The  Venezuelan  delegation  has  come  to  this  gathering  fully  convinced 
that  while  collaborating  in  the  advancement  of  science  it  will  contribute 
to  the  moral  progress  as  well  as  to  the  material  rapprochement  of  the 
American  Republics,  and  at  the  same  time  to  the  uplift  of  human  con- 
science. And  in  taking  a  place  among  the  distinguished  delegates  of  the 
Americas  we  have  the  honor  to  present  our  respects  to  the  Chief  Execu- 
tive of  the  United  States  in  the  honored  person  of  the  Vice  President, 
to  the  honorable  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  the  worthy  president  of  the 
Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for 
their  gracious  words  of  welcome,  and  to  the  distinguished  colleagues 
with  whom  we  are  to  share  for  a  few  days  the  work  which  has  such  an 
auspicious  beginning. 


REPORT  O?  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  89 

Thereupon  the  president  of  the  Congress  adjourned  the  Inaugural 
Plenary  Session  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  in  the 
following  words:  •  , 

"The  inauguration  of  the  congress  has  been  successfully  accom- 
plished. In  congratulating  the  members  of  the  congress  for  this 
happy  beginning,  I  have  the  honor  to  announce  that  we  are  ad- 
journed in  general  session.  We  will  now  start  the  work  of  the 
different  sections." 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  OF  THE  CONGRESS. 

Pursuant  to  a  practice  that  is  now  an  established  precedent  of  these 
scientific  congresses,  the  labors  of  the  executive  committee  of  organiza- 
tion were  transferred  shortly  after  the  formal  opening  of  the  congress  to 
the  executive  committee  of  the  congress,  the  members  of  which  were  duly 
and  officially  appointed.  This  committee  served  during  the  sessions  of  the 
congress  with  the  assistance  of  the  older  committee,  to  which  on  ad- 
journment it  resigned  its  functions.  The  members  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  congress,  with  the  addition  of  His  Excellency  Sr. 
Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  president  of  the  congress;  John  Barrett,  secre- 
tary general;  James  Brown  Scott,  reporter  general;  Glen  Levin  Swig- 
gett,  assistant  secretary  general;  and  Henry  Ralph  Ringe,  recording 
secretary,  were — 

Argentina,  Ernesto  Quesada. 

Bolivia,  Alberto  Gutie;rrez. 

Brazil,  Domicio  da  Gama. 

Chile,  Julio  Philippi. 

Colombia,  Carlos  Cuervo  MArquez. 

Costa  Rica,  Eduardo  J.  Pinto. 

Cuba,  Carlos  Manuel  de  C^spedes. 

Dominican  Republic,  Carlos  Armando  Perdomo. 

Ecuador,  Victor  Manuel  Penaherrera. 

Guatemala,  Joaquin  Mi^ndez. 

Haiti,  Charles  Mathon. 

Honduras,  Carlos  Alberto  Ucle;s. 

Mexico,  Manuel  Gamio. 

Nicaragua,  Damaso  Rivas. 

Panama,  Eusebio  Morales. 

Paraguay,  Eusebio  Ayala. 

Peru,  Alejandro  Deustua. 

Salvador,  Rafael  Zaldivar, 


90  REPORT   OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

United  States  of  America,  George  Gray. 
Uruguay,  Carlos  Maria  de  Pena. 
Venezuela,  Jos6  h.  Andara. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  this  committee,  presided  over  by  the  president 
of  the  congress,  the  following  resolutions,  introduced  by  Judge  George 
Gray,  were  unanimously  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  technical  papers  and  speeches  submitted  to  the 
sections  be  reported  by  the  chainnan  of  the  section  to  the  executive 
committee  of  the  congress  as  part  of  the  proceedings  of  the  congress 
and  recorded  as  such. 

Resolved,  That  all  resolutions  and  motions  which  are  intended  to 
embody  the  sense  of  the  congress  as  a  whole  shall  be  referred  to  the 
executive  committee  of  the  congress,  who  shall  consider  them  by 
subcommittee  or  otherwise  and  shall  report  the  same  with  or  with- 
out recommendation  to  the  congress  in  general  session  assembled. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  CONGRESS. 

The  oflEicers  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  were  as 
follows : 

Honorary  President. 

Hon.  WooDROW  Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States. 
President. 

His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  Ambassador  of 

Chile. 

Vice  Presidents. 

Hon.  Robert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States. 
His  Excellency  Senhor  Domicio  da  Gama,  Ambassador  of  Brazil. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Ignacio  Calderon,  Minister  of  Bolivia. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Dr.  Carlos  M.  de  Pena,  Minister  of  Uruguay. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Don  JoaquIn  M6ndez,  Minister  of  Guatemala. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Federico  Alfonso  Pezet,  Minister  of  Peru. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Julio  Betancourt,  Minister  of  Colombia. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Hector  Velazquez,  Minister  of  Paraguay. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Dr.  EusEbio  A.  Morales,  Minister  of  Panama. 
His  Excellency  Seiior  Don  Emiliano  Chamorro,  Minister  of  Nicaragua. 
His  Excellency  Senor  Dr.  Gonzalo  S.  Cordova,  Minister  of  Ecuador, 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI*.  9 1 

His  Excellency  M.  Solon  Mi^nos,  Minister  of  Haiti. 

His  Excellency  Senor  Dr.  Carlos  Manuel  de  Ce;spEdes,  Minister  of  Cuba. 

His  Excellency  Seiior  Dr.  Santos  A.  DomInici,  Minister  of  Venezuela. 

His  Excellency  Seiior  Dr.  Rafael  ZaldIvar,  Minister  of  Salvador. 

His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Manuel  Castro  Quesada,  Minister  of  Costa 
Rica. 

His  Excellency  Dr.  Armando  Pe;rEz  Perdomo,  Minister  of  the  Domini- 
can Republic. 

Seiior  Don  R.  Camilo  Diaz,  Charge  d'Afifaires  of  Honduras. 

Senor  Don  Federico  M.  Quintana,  Charge  d'Affaires  of  Argentina. 
And    the  following  chairmen  of  delegations  who  were  not  chiefs  of 

missions : 

Seiior  Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Argentina. 

Seiior  Dr.  Roberto  AncIzar,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Colombia. 

Seiior  Dr.  Eduardo  J.  Pinto,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Costa  Rica. 

Seiior  Dr.  CharlES  Mathon,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Haiti. 

Seiior  Dr.  Carlos  Alberto  Ucli^s,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Hon- 
duras. 

Seiior  Dr.  Damaso  Rivas,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Nicaragua. 

Seiior  Dr.  Isaac  Alzamora,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  Peru. 


SECOND  PLENARY  SESSION. 


PRESIDENT'S  NIGHT. 
THURSDAY,  JANUARY  6,  9  P.  M. 

Before  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  representative  international  gath- 
erings ever  assembled  in  the  history  of  the  United  States  the  President 
honored  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  with  an  address 
that  marked  a  distinct  advance  in  Pan  Americanism  and  was  a  beautiful 
tribute  to  the  laudable  purposes  of  all  Pan  American  effort.  The  Memo- 
rial Continental  Hall  was  decorated  elaborately  for  the  occasion.  The 
President,  His  Excellency  the  Chilean  Ambassador  and  president  of  the 
congress,  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  the  Latin-American  countries 
and  chairmen  of  the  official  delegations,  the  chairman  ex  officio  of  the 
executive  committee  of  organization,  and  the  secretary  general  were 
seated  upon  the  stage.  The  four  boxes  flanking  the  stage  were  occupied 
by  the  families  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  the  president  of 
the  congress,  the  wives  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  State  and  of  His 
Excellency  the  Brazilian  Ambassador,  and  a  group  of  representative  women 
of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution.  Immediately  back  of  the 
stage  was  a  large  rosette  made  with  the  flags  of  the  twenty-one  partici- 
pating Republics.  United  States  marines  stood  at  attention  near  by, 
holding  the  colors  of  the  United  States  and  the  special  flag  of  the  Pres- 
ident. The  center  of  the  auditorium  was  occupied  by  the  Latin  American 
delegates,  the  official  delegation  of  the  United  States,  and  their  families. 
In  the  south  section  the  members  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  of  the  Cabi- 
net, Senators,  and  Members  of  Congress  were  seated.  The  diplomatic 
corps  occupied  the  north  section  and  the  galleries  were  occupied  by  the 
remaining  members  of  the  congress  from  the  United  States. 

The  entire  audience  arose  as  the  President  entered  the  hall.  He  was 
received  on  arrival  by  the  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  organ- 
ization and  the  secretary  general.  As  he  came  upon  the  stage  the  Marine 
Band  orchestra  played  the  Star  Spangled  Banner.  The  president  of  the 
congress  greeted  the  President  with  outstretched  hand  and  introduced 
him  in  the  following  words : 
93 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAt.  93 

Excellency,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  The  Congress  has  been  assembled 
in  this  solemn  general  session  to-night,  outside  of  its  regular  program,  so 
that  we  could  have  the  honor  of  hearing  the  ever-enlightening  and  eloquent 
word  of  the  eminent  Executive  of  this  great  Republic;  and  certainly  his 
words  to  us  on  this  occasion  will  impart  a  new  stimulus  to  our  efforts 
for  the  successful  crowning  of  the  work  in  which  we  are  engaged. 

It  is  neither  discreet  nor,  perhaps,  in  good  taste  for  me  to  dwell — not 
even  by  way  of  introducing  a  personage  who  does  not  have  to  be  intro- 
duced— upon  the  qualities  that  reveal  the  intellectual  and  political  figure 
in  whose  honor  we  are  congregated;  but,  at  least,  I  may  be  allowed  to 
remind  you  that  there  is  a  special  tie  of  union  between  this  excelling  indi- 
vidual and  the  intellectual  collectivity  constituting  this  scientific  con- 
gress. That  tie,  perhaps  more  binding  than  that  emanating  from  his 
present  supreme  position  in  the  government  of  his  country,  is  the  aggre- 
gate of  wonderful  pages  of  political  science  and  sound  philosophy  written 
by  this  illustrious  thinker;  it  is  the  reminder  of  a  great  work  in  the  forma- 
tion and  successful  management  of  one  of  the  most  influential  intellec- 
tual centers  in  the  United  States;  it  is,  in  fine,  a  common  purpose  with 
the  men  of  this  congress  in  love  of  study  and  of  scientific  research. 

Side  by  side  with  the  thinker  stands  the  statesman  who  has  radically 
changed  the  nature  of  the  relations  among  the  peoples  in  this  continent, 
and  has  built  an  American  international  policy  of  mutual  esteem  and 
cooperation  at  these  very  moments  praised  and  applauded  by  the  whole 
continent. 

It  is  not  the  first  time  that,  from  the  august  chair  to  which  he  has 
been  elevated  by  the  love  and  respect  of  his  fellow  citizens,  the  President 
of  the  United  States — ^now  in  our  midst — appeals  to  the  sentiments  of 
the  American  countries  in  behalf  of  the  welfare  and  progress  of  our 
Americas.  The  strengthening  of  constitutional  government  throughout 
all  nations  in  the  continent,  the  vigor  and  purity  of  our  democracies,  and 
the  mutual  cooperation  for  defense  of  our  national  rights  and  privileges 
have  been  the  salient  features  of  his  continental  policy.  And  when  the 
moment  came  of  showing  with  deeds  the  absolute  sincerity  of  his  frater- 
nal purposes,  as  was  the  case  in  the  unfortunate  circumstances  which 
gave  rise  to  the  mediation  of  Niagara  Falls,  he  has  without  any  hesita- 
tion whatever  placed  his  authority  and  his  influence  on  the  side  of  peace 
and  love  among  the  sister  nations. 

It  has  not  been  possible  for  me  to  refrain  from  making  these  brief  and 
broad  remarks  in  introducing  the  great  speaker,  of  whose  modesty  I 
crave  forgiveness;  and,  as  I  do  not  want  to  deprive  you  any  longer  of  the 


94  REPORT  OP  THB  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

pleasure  of  hearing  him,  I  shall  now  take  the  honor  to  call  upon  His 
Excellency  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

(His  Excellency  the  Ambassador  of  Brazil,  Senhor  Da  Gama,  dehvered 
in  Spanish  the  text  of  the  foregoing  address  of  the  president  of  the 
congress.) 

THE    ADDRESS    OF    THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE     UNITED 

STATES. 

Mr.  Ambassador,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

It  was  a  matter  of  sincere  regret  with  me  that  I  was  not  in  the  city 
to  extend  the  greetings  of  the  Government  to  this  distinguished  body, 
and  I  am  very  happy  that  I  have  returned  in  time  at  least  to  extend  to 
it  my  felicitations  upon  the  unusual  interest  and  success  of  its  proceed- 
ings. I  wish  that  it  might  have  been  my  good  fortune  to  be  present  at 
the  sessions  and  instructed  by  the  papers  that  were  read.  I  have  some- 
what become  inured  to  scientific  papers  in  the  course  of  a  long  experience, 
but  I  have  never  ceased  to  be  instructed  and  to  enjoy  them. 

The  sessions  of  this  congress  have  been  looked  forward  to  with  the 
greatest  interest  throughout  this  country,  because  there  is  no  more 
certain  evidence  of  intellectual  life  than  the  desire  of  men  of  all  nations 
to  share  their  thoughts  with  one  another. 

I  have  been  told  so  much  about  the  proceedings  of  this  congress  that  I 
feel  that  I  can  congratulate  you  upon  the  increasing  sense  of  comradeship 
and  intimate  intercourse  which  has  marked  its  sessions  from  day  to  day; 
and  it  is  a  very  happy  circumstance  in  our  view  that  this,  perhaps  the 
most  vital  and  successful  of  the  meetings  of  this  congress,  should  have 
occurred  in  the  Capital  of  our  own  country,  because  we  should  wish  to 
regard  this  as  the  universal  place  where  ideas  worth  while  are  exchanged 
and  shared.  The  drawing  together  of  the  Americas,  ladies  and  gentle- 
men, has  long  been  dreamed  of  and  desired.  It  is  a  matter  of  peculiar 
gratification,  therefore,  to  see  this  great  thing  happen;  to  see  the  Americas 
drawing  together,  and  not  drawing  together  upon  anv  insubstantial 
foundation  of  mere  sentiment. 

After  all,  even  friendship  must  be  based  upon  a  perception  of  common 
sympathies,  of  common  interests,  of  common  ideals,  and  of  common 
purposes.  Men  can  not  be  friends  unless  they  intend  the  same  things, 
and  the  Americas  have  more  and  more  realized  that  in  all  essential 
particulars  they  intend  the  same  thing  with  regard  to  their  thought  and 
their  life  and  their  activities.  To  be  privileged,  therefore,  to  see  this 
drawing  together  in  friendship  and  communion  based  upon  these  solid 
foundations  affords  everyone  who    looks    on  with  open  eyes  peculiar 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  95 

satisfaction  and  joy;  and  it  has  seemed  to  me  that  the  language  of 
science,  the  language  of  impersonal  thought,  the  language  of  those  who 
think,  not  along  the  lines  of  individual  interest  but  along  what  are 
intended  to  be  the  direct  and  searching  lines  of  truth  itself,  was  a  very 
fortunate  language  in  which  to  express  this  community  of  interest 
and  of  sympathy.  Science  affords  an  international  language  just  as 
commerce  also  affords  a  universal  language,  because  in  each  instance 
there  is  a  universal  purpose,  a  universal  general  plan  of  action,  and  it  is  a 
pleasing  thought  to  those  who  have  had  something  to  do  with  scholarship 
that  scholars  have  had  a  great  deal  to  do  with  sowing  the  seeds  of  friend- 
ship between  nation  and  nation.  Truth  recognizes  no  national  bound- 
aries; truth  penjiits  no  racial  prejudices;  and  when  men  come  to  know 
each  other  and  to  recognize  equal  intellectual  strength  and  equal  intel- 
lectual sincerity  and  a  common  intellectual  purpose  some  of  the  best 
foundations  of  friendship  are  already  laid. 

But,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  our  thought  can  not  pause  at  the  artificial 
boundaries  of  the  fields  of  science  and  of  commerce.  All  boundaries 
that  divide  life  into  sections  and  interests  are  artificial,  because  life  is 
all  of  a  piece.  You  can  not  treat  part  of  it  without  by  implication  and 
indirection  treating  all  of  it,  and  the  field  of  science  is  not  to  be  distin- 
guished from  the  field  of  life  any  more  than  the  field  of  commerce  is  to 
be  distinguished  from  the  general  field  of  life.  No  one  who  reflects 
upon  the  progress  of  science  or  the  spread  of  the  arts  of  peace  or  the 
extension  and  perfection  of  any  of  the  practical  arts  of  life  can  fail  to 
see  that  there  is  only  one  atmosphere  that  these  things  can  breathe, 
and  that  is  an  atmosphere  of  mutual  confidence  and  of  peace  and  of 
ordered  political  life  among  the  nations.  Amidst  war  and  revolution 
even  the  voice  of  science  must  for  the  most  part  be  silent,  and  revolu- 
tion tears  up  the  very  roots  of  everything  that  makes  life  go  steadily 
forward  and  the  light  grow  from  generation  to  generation.  For  noth- 
ing stirs  passion  like  political  disturbance,  and  passion  is  the  enemy  of 
truth. 

These  things  were  realized  with  peculiar  vividness  and  said  with 
unusual  eloquence  in  a  recent  conference  held  in  this  city  for  the  purpose 
of  considering  the  financial  relations  between  the  two  continents  of 
America,  because  it  was  perceived  that  financiers  can  do  nothing  without 
the  cooperation  of  Governments,  and  that  if  merchants  would  deal  with 
one  another,  laws  must  agree  with  one  another — that  you  can  not  make 
laws  vary  without  making  them  contradict,  and  that  amidst  contra- 
dictory laws  the  easy  flow  of  commercial  intercourse  is  impossible,  and 
that  therefore  a  financial  congress  naturally  led  to  all  the  inferences 
48192—17 7 


96  RBPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.       . 

of  politics.  For  politics  I  conceive  to  be  nothing  more  than  the  science 
of  the  ordered  progress  of  society  along  the  lines  of  greatest  usefulness 
and  convenience  to  itself.  I  have  never  in  my  own  mind  admitted  the 
distinction  between  the  other  departments  of  life  and  politics.  Some 
people  devote  themselves  so  exclusively  to  politics  that  they  forget  there 
is  any  other  part  of  life,  and  so  soon  as  they  do  they  become  that  thing 
which  is  described  as  a  "mere  politician."  Statesmanship  begins  where 
these  connections  so  unhappily  lost  are  reestabUshed.  The  statesman 
stands  in  the  midst  of  life  to  interpret  life  in  political  action. 

The  conference  to  which  I  have  referred  marked  the  consciousness  of 
the  two  Americas  that  economically  they  are  very  dependent  upon  one 
another;  that  they  have  a  great  deal  that  it  is  very  desirable  they  should 
exchange  and  share  with  one  another;  that  they  have  kept  unnaturally 
and  unfortunately  separated  and  apart  when  they  had  a  manifest  and 
obvious  community  of  interest;  and  the  object  of  that  conference  was 
to  ascertain  the  practical  means  by  which  the  commercial  and  practical 
intercourse  of  the  two  continents  could  be  quickened  and  facilitated. 
And  where  events  move,  statesmen,  if  they  be  not  indifferent  or  be  not 
asleep,  must  think  and  act. 

For  my  own  part  I  congratulate  myself  upon  living  in  a  time  when 
these  things,  always  susceptible  of  intellectual  demonstration,  have  begun 
to  be  very  widely  and  universally  appreciated  and  when  the  statesmen 
of  the  two  American  Continents  have  more  and  more  come  into  candid, 
trustful,  mutual  conference,  comparing  views  as  to  the  practical  and 
friendly  way  of  helping  one  another  and  of  setting  forward  every  hand- 
some enterprise  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

But  these  gentlemen  have  not  conferred  without  realizing  that  back  of 
all  the  material  community  of  interest  of  which  I  have  spoken  there  Ues 
and  must  he  a  community  of  political  interest.  I  have  been  told  a  very 
interesting  fact — I  hope  it  is  true — that  while  this  congress  has  been 
discussing  science  it  has  been  in  spite  of  itself  led  into  the  feeling  that 
behind  the  science  there  was  some  inference  mth  regard  to  pohtics,  and 
that  if  the  Americas  were  to  be  united  in  thought  they  must  in  some 
degree  sympathetically  be  united  in  action.  But  these  statesmen  who 
have  been  conferring  from  month  to  month  in  Washington  have  come 
to  realize  that  back  of  the  community  of  material  interest  there  is  a 
community  of  pohtical  interest. 

I  hope  I  can  make  clear  to  you  in  what  sense  I  use  these  words.  I  do 
not  mean  a  mere  partnership  in  the  things  that  are  expedient.  I  mean 
what  I  was  trying  to  indicate  a  few  moments  ago,  that  you  can  not 
separate  poHtics  from  these  things,  that  you  can  not  have  real  intercourse 


RBPORT  OF  THB   SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  97 

of  any  kind  amidst  political  jealousies,  which  is  only  another  way  of 
saying  that  you  can  not  commune  unless  you  are  friends,  and  that 
friendship  is  based  upon  your  political  relations  with  each  other  perhaps 
more  than  upon  any  other  kind  of  relationship  between  nations.  If 
nations  are  politically  suspicious  of  one  another,  all  their  intercourse 
is  embarrassed.  That  is  the  reason,  I  take  it,  if  it  be  true,  as  I  hope  it  is, 
that  your  thoughts  even  during  this  congress,  though  the  questions  you 
are  called  upon  to  consider  are  apparently  so  foreign  to  politics,  have 
again  and  again  been  drawn  back  to  the  political  inferences.  The  object 
of  American  statesmanship  on  the  two  continents  is  to  see  to  it  that 
American  friendship  is  founded  on  a  rock. 

The  Monroe  doctrine  was  proclaimed  by  the  United  States  on  her  own 
authority.  It  always  has  been  maintained,  and  always  will  be  main- 
tained, upon  her  own  responsibility.  But  the  Monroe  doctrine  demanded 
merely  that  European  Governments  should  not  attempt  to  extend  their 
political  systems  to  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  It  did  not  disclose  the 
use  which  the  United  States  intended  to  make  of  her  power  on  this  side 
of  the  Atlantic.  It  was  a  hand  held  up  in  warning,  but  there  was  no 
promise  in  it  of  what  America- was  going  to  do  with  the  implied  and 
partial  protectorate  which  she  apparently  was  trying  to  set  up  on  this 
side  of  the  water;  and  I  believe  you  will  sustain  me  in  the  statement  that 
it  has  been  fears  and  suspicions  on  this  score  which  have  hitherto  pre- 
vented the  greater  intimacy  and  confidence  and  trust  between  the 
Americas.  The  States  of  America  have  not  been  certain  what  the 
United  States  would  do  with  her  power.  That  doubt  must  be  removed. 
And  latterly  there  has  been  a  very  frank  interchange  of  views  between 
the  authorities  in  Washington  and  those  who  represented  the  other  States 
of  this  hemisphere,  an  interchange  of  views  charming  and  hopeful, 
because  based  upon  an  increasingly  sure  appreciation  of  the  spirit  in 
which  they  were  undertaken.  These  gentlemen  have  seen  that  if  America 
is  to  come  into  her  own,  into  her  legitimate  own,  in  a  world  of  peace 
and  order,  she  must  establish  the  foundations  of  amity  so  that  no  one 
will  hereafter  doubt  them. 

I  hope  and  I  believe  that  this  can  be  accomplished.  These  conferences 
have  enabled  me  to  foresee  how  it  will  be  accomplished.  It  will  be 
accomplished  in  the  first  place  by  the  States  of  America  uniting  in  guar- 
anteeing to  each  other  absolutely  political  independence  and  territorial 
integrity.  In  the  second  place,  and  as  a  necessary  corroUary  to  that, 
guaranteeing  the  agreement  to  settle  all  pending  boundary  disputes  as 
soon  as  possible  and  by  amicable  process;  by  agreeing  that  all  disputes 


98  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

among  themselves,  should  they  unhappily  arise,  will  be  handled  by 
patient,  impartial  investigation,  and  settled  by  arbitration;  and  the 
agreement  necessary  to  the  peace  of  the  Americas,  that  no  State  of  either 
continent  will  permit  revolutionary  expeditions  against  another  State  to 
be  fitted  out  on  its  territory,  and  that  they  will  prohibit  the  exportation 
of  the  munitions  of  war  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  revolutionists  against 
neighboring  Governments. 

You  see  what  our  thought  is,  gentlemen,  not  only  the  international 
peace  of  America,  but  the  domestic  peace  of  America.  If  American 
States  are  constantly  in  ferment,  if  any  of  them  are  constantly  in  ferment, 
there  will  be  a  standing  threat  to  their  relations  with  one  another.  It  is 
just  as  much  to  our  interest  to  assist  eaCh  other  to  the  orderly  processes 
within  our  own  borders  as  it  is  to  orderly  processes  in  our  controversies 
with  one  another.  These  are  very  practical  suggestions  which  have 
sprung  up  in  the  minds  of  thoughtful  men,  and  I,  for  my  part,  beHeve 
that  they  are  going  to  lead  the  way  to  something  that  America  has 
prayed  for  for  many  a  generation.  For  they  are  based,  in  the  first  place, 
so  far  as  the  stronger  States  are  concerned,  upon  the  handsome  principle 
of  self-restraint  and  respect  for  the  rights  of  everybody.  They  are  based 
upon  the  principles  of  absolute  political  equality  among  the  States, 
equality  of  right,  not  equality  of  indulgence.  They  are  based,  in  short, 
upon  the  solid  eternal  foundations  of  justice  and  humanity.  No  man 
can  turn  away  from  these  things  without  turning  away  from  the  hope  of 
the  world.  These  are  things,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  for  which  the  world 
has  hoped  and  waited  with  prayerful  heart.  God  grant  that  it  may  be 
granted  to  America  to  lift  this  light  on  high  for  the  illumination  of  the 
world. 


TfflRD  PLENARY  SESSION. 


CONTINENTAL  MEMORIAL  HALL. 
SATURDAY,  JANUARY  8,  1916—11  A.  M, 

The  president  of  the  congress,  his  excellency  the  Chilean  ambassador, 
presided  at  this  solemn  closing  session. 

Upon  the  platform  were  the  chairmen  of  the  various  delegations  and 
the  chiefs  of  Latin  American  embassies  and  legations,  together  with  the 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  on  the  part  of  the  United  States, 
William  Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State;  the  vice  chairman, 
Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  secretary  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Inter- 
national Peace;  and  the  secretary  general,  John  Barrett,  Director  Gen- 
eral of  the  Pan  American  Union.  The  minister  of  foreign  affairs  of 
Costa  Rica  on  special  mission,  Dr.  Julio  Acosta,  also  occupied  a  seat  on 
the  stage  at  the  left  of  the  presiding  officer.  The  president  was  assisted 
in  interpreting  speeches  and  papers  by  Dr.  Luis  A.  Baralt,  of  the  Cuban 
delegation. 

The  president  of  the  congress  opened  the  session  with  the  following 
words : 

The  first  thing  this  morning,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  will  be  the  report 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  congress  by  the  chairman  of  the  sub- 
committee. Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  of  the  United  States,  followed  by  the 
reading  of  the  Spanish  translation  thereof  by  Sr.  Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada, 
chairman  of  the  subcommittee  on  resolutions  and  chairman  of  the  official 
delegation  of  Argentina. 

Mr.  Scott  said: 

Mr.  President,  Members  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Con- 
gress, Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  On  behalf  of  the  executive  committee  I  have 
the  honor  to  read  the  Final  Act  prepared  by  a  subcommittee  of  this 
congress,  and  lay  it  before  the  official  delegates  of  the  Latin  American 
countries  for  their  approval. 

The  method  of  preparing  the  Final  Act  was  to  have  all  of  the  resolu- 
tions presented  to  the  various  sections  and  subsections  referred  to  the 
executive  committee,  consisting  of  one  member  from  each  official  delega- 

99 


lOO  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

tion  to  the  congress;  to  have  every  proposition  which  had  not  been  pre- 
sented to  a  section  or  subsection  referred  to  the  executive  committee, 
and,  by  a  subcommittee  thereof,  approved  and  referred  to  the  full  com- 
mittee for  its  approval. 

The  text  of  the  document  which  I  have  the  honor  of  laying  before  you 
was  prepared  by  the  subcommittee  on  the  Final  Act  approved  by  the 
executive  committee  of  the  congress,  and  by  its  direction  laid  before  you: 

RESOLUTIONS  AND  RECOMMENDATIONS. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  considered  and  discussed 
the  subjects  set  forth  in  its  program  in  the  light  of  an  intellectual 
Pan  Americanism  in  a  series  of  meetings  from  December  27,  1915, 
to  January  8,  191 6,  and  adopted  the  resolutions  and  recommenda- 
tions enumerated  and  embodied  in  this  Final  Act  of  its  labors. 

Article  i.     ^ 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  considers  that — 

It  is  highly  desirable  that  the  American  Republics  -arrange  for  the 
appointment  of  delegates  for  joint  action  in  the  matter  of 
archaeological  exploration,  in  order  to  formulate  and  to 
propose  generally  acceptable  and  substantially  uniform  laws 
relating  to  the  survey,  exploration,  and  study  of  archaeo- 
logical remains  to  be  foimd  in  the  Republics,  and  to  secure 
the  enactment  of  laws  which  will  effectively  safeguard  these 
remains  from  wanton  destruction  or  exploitation  and  which 
will  serve  to  aid  and  to  stimulate  properly  organized  and 
accredited  research  in  archaeology. 

Article  2. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  requests — 

The  Government  of  the  United  States  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  the 
Governments  of  the  American  Republics  participating  in  the 
Congress  and,  through  their  respective  Governments,  to  the 
institutions  and  the  public  thereof,  the  importance  of  pro- 
moting research  in  the  field  of  archaeology,  organized  sur- 
veys for  the  study  of  primitive  tribes,  and  the  building  of 
national  educational  museums  for  the  preservation  of  the 
data  and  materials  collected. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENER/ily  lOI 

ArTICIvE  3. 
The  Second   Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that  the 
American  Republics  undertake  as  soon  as  practicable — 

(a)  Accurate  geodetic  measurements  which  may  serve  to  determine 

limits,  national  and  international,  and  to  contribute  to  the 
discovery  of  the  true  shape  of  our  planet ; 

(b)  Magnetic  measurements  of  their  respective  areas,  and  the  estab- 

lishment of  several  permanent  magnetic  observatories  in 
which  it  may  be  possible  to  carry  on  during  long  periods  of 
time  observations  concerning  the  secular  variation  of  the 
magnetic  elements  of  the  earth; 

(c)  To  extend  their  gravimetric  measures,  obtained  by  means  of 

the  pendulum,  to  those  regions  where  such  measurements 
have  not  been  undertaken,  in  order  to  obtain  more  informa- 
tion to  determine  the  true  shape  of  the  surface  and  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  terrestrial  mass. 

Article  4. 
The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

The  Nations  of  the  American  Continent  establish,  by  means  of  their 
offices  of  geodesy  or  by  committees  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pose, an  international  triangulation; 
The  Governments  of  the  American  Nations  reach  an  agreement  for 
the  purpose  of  creating  an  office  or  congress  of  cartography 
and  geography. 

Article  5. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

Proper  steps  and  measures  be  taken  to  bring  about  in  the  American 
Republics  a  general  use  of  the  metric  system  of  weights  and 
measures,  in  the  press,  magazines,  newspapers,  and  periodicals, 
in  educational  and  scientific  work,  in  the  industries,  in  com- 
merce, in  transportation,  and  in  all  the  activities  of  the  differ- 
ent Governments. 

Article  6. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress — 

Confirms  the  resolution  recommended  to  the  American  Republics  by 
the  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  regarding  the 
installation  of  meteorological  organizations  to  serve  as  a  basis 
for  the  establishment  of  a  Pan  American  meteorological  serv- 
ice, and  expresses  the  desire  that  the  Republics  not  yet  pos- 
sessing organized  meteorological  services  establish  such  as 
soon  as  may  be  practicable. 


i02  kcport  op  the  secretary  general. 

Article  7. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

There  be  appointed  an  international  Pan  American  committee  to 
study  and  report  upon  the  question  of  establishing  such  a 
uniform  railway  gauge  as  will  best  serve  the  countries'  inter- 
est, their  international  communication,  and  the  communica- 
tion between  all  the  countries  of  America. 

Article  8. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends — 

The  appointment  of  an  American  committee  on  radio  communica- 
tion to  assist  in  the  development  of  the  science  and  art  of 
radio  communication,  to  the  end  that  it  may  serve  to  convey 
intelligence  over  long  distances  and  between  ships  at  sea  more 
quickly  and  accurately,  and  to  bring  into  closer  contact  all 
of  the  American  Republics. 

Article  9. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

A  cooperative  study  of  forest  conditions  and  of  forest  utilization  be 
undertaken  by  governmental  agencies  of  the  American  Repub- 
lics and  that  data  thereon  be  published. 

Article  10. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

Each  of  the  American  Republics  appoint  a  commission  to  investi- 
gate and  study  in  their  respective  countries  the  existing  laws 
and  regulations  affecting — 

(a)  The  administrative  practice  of  regulating  the  use  of 

water; 
(6)  The  adjudication  of  rights  pertaining  to  the  use  of 
surface  and  underground  water  for  irrigation  pur- 
poses; 

(c)  The  distribution,  application,  and  use  of  water  upon 

arid  and  irrigable  lands; 

(d)  Methods  of  conservation  of  surface  and  underground 

waters  for  irrigation  or  industrial  purposes; 
And  to  suggest  laws  or  regulations  in  the  interest  of  general  industry, 
navigation,  and  commerce. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY   GENERAL.  IO3 

ARTICI.E  II. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  suggests  that — 

The  question  of  the  reclamation  of  arid  lands  is  one  that  should 
receive  immediate  and  careful  consideration  of  the  Govern- 
ments of  the  American  Republics,  to  the  end  that  there  may 
be  increased  areas  of  productive  lands  to  meet  the  needs  of 
their  increasing  populations. 

Article  12. 
The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

(a)  Each  country  should  maintain  a  well-organized  and  competent 

live-stock  sanitary  service  comprising  executive  officers, 
field  inspectors,  and  a  laboratory  force; 

(b)  Each  country  should  enforce  live-stock  sanitary  laws  and  regu- 

lations with  the  view  of  preventing  the  exportation,  importa- 
»^    tion,  and  spread  within  the  country  of  any  infectious,  conta- 
gious, or  communicable  animal  disease  by  means  of  animals, 
animal  products,  ships,  cars,  forage,  etc. ; 

(c)  Each  country  should  maintain  a  thorough  live-stock  sanitary 

survey  to  determine  what  communicable  diseases  of  animals 
are  present  and  the  localities  where  they  exist.  This  infor- 
mation should  be  furnished  regularly  to  each  of  the  other 
countries  at  stated  periods  as  a  matter  of  routine; 

(d)  Each  country  should  refrain  from  exporting  animals,  animal 

products,  forage,  and  similar  materials  which  are  capable  of 
conveying  infectious,  contagious,  or  communicable  animal 
diseases  to  the  receiving  country; 

(e)  Each  country  should  enforce  measures  to  prohibit  the  importa- 

tion of  animals,  animal  products,  forage,  and  other  materials 
which  may  convey  diseases  from  countries  where  dangerous 
communicable  diseases,  such  as  rinderpest,  foot-and-mouth 
disease,  and  contagious  pleuropneumonia  exist,  and  which 
have  no  competent  live-stock  sanitary  service.  Animals,  ani- 
mal products,  forage,  and  similar  materials  from  countries 
maintaining  a  competent  live-stock  sanitary  service  may  be 
admitted  under  proper  restrictions,  regulations,  and  inspec- 
tion, imposed  by  the  importing  country; 
(/)  Each  country,  through  its  live-stock  sanitary  service,  should 
endeavor  to  control,  and,  if  possible,  eradicate  the  communi- 
cable animal  diseases  existing  therein.  There  should  be  an 
exchange  of  information  as  to  the  methods  followed  which 
have  proved  most  successful  in  combating  animal  diseases; 


I04  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

(g)  Members  of  the  live-stock  sanitary  service  of  the  American  Re- 
publics should  meet  at  regular  intervals  to  consult  and  inform 
each  other  regarding  the  measures  taken  for  furthering  coop- 
eration in  protecting  the  live-stock  industry  of  the  American 
countries. 

Article  13. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scienrific  Congress  suggests  that — 

An  American  Plant  Protection  Congress  be  convened  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable, composed  of  one  or  more  technical  experts  from  each 
.  of  the  American  Republics,  in  order — 
(i)  To  discuss  suitable  legislation; 

(2)  To  provide   the   means  of  establishing  competent 

scientific  bureaus; 

(3)  To  recommend  such  cooperative  research  work  and 

control  of  plant  introduction  as  may  be  ^visable; 
and 

(4)  To  make  all  reasonable  effort  to  secure  appropriate 

action  by  the  American  Republics. 

Article  14.  . 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends — 

The  distribution  of  information  regarding  the  agricultural  produc- 
tion of  the  American  Republics  and  of  the  publications  relating 
thereto. 

Article  15. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  believes  it  to  be  important 
that— 
•  The  achievements  and  influence  of  the  founders  of  the  independence 
of  the  American  Republics  be  made  known  to  the  peoples 
thereof,  and  that  the  important  details  of  the  lives  of  the 
liberators  and  statesmen  of  the  continent  be  included  in 
courses  of  study  in  schools  of  the  American  Republics. 

Article  16. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

There  be  established  in  the  universities  of  the  United  States  chairs 
of  the  history,  development,  and  ideals  of  the  Latin  American 
peoples,  and  in  the  universities  of  Latin  America  chairs  of  the 
history,  development,  and  ideals  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States. 


report  of  the  secretary  general.  io5 

Article  17. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  urgently  recommends  that — 
Spanish  be  taught  more  generally  in  the  schools,  colleges,  and  uni- 
versities of  the  United  States  and  that  English  be  taught  more 
generally  in  the  educational  institutions  of  the  Latin  American 
Republics,  and  that  both  languages  be  taught  from  the  point 
of  view  of  American  life,  literature,  history,  and  social  insti- 
tutions. 

Article  18. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

The  study  of  sociology  in  American  universities  where  it  is  not  at 
present  taught  be  inaugurated. 

Article  19. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  petitions — 

The  Governments  of  the  American  Republics  to  further  the  inter 
change  of  educators  of  all  grades,  and  of  students  of  university, 
normal,  and  technical  training,  and  to  encourage  both  to  make 
visits  of  instruction  to  other  American  countries. 

Article  20. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  suggests  that — 

The  presidents  of  the  leading  architectural  societies  of  this  hemisphere 
shall  be  requested  to  communicate  with  one  another  for  the 
purpose. of  forming  a  Pan  American  federation  of  architec- 
tural societies. 
Such  federation  should  hold  conferences  in  different  countries  at 
stated  periods. 

Article  21. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

There  be  published  a  series  of  volumes  entitled  the  "Pan  American 
Library,"  with  the  object  of  popularizing,  in  the  several  lan- 
guages spoken  on  the  continent,  the  best  scientific,  literary, 
and  artistic  works  of  American  authors. 


i06  report  op  the  secretary  general. 

Article  22. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  confirming  the  resolution 

adopted  at  the  First  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  of  1908-9, 

recommends  the  organization  in  connection  with  the  Pan  American 

Union  of  a  department  of  education,  which  shall — 

(a)  Be  entrusted   with   the   publication,   in   Spanish,    Portuguese, 

French,  and  English,  of  such  works  on  education  as  are  of 

importance  to  the  American  countries; 

(6)  Keep'  the  dififerent  Republics  in  touch  with  educational  progress ; 

(c)  Promote  in  each  country  the  scientific  study  of  educational 

problems  from  both  national  and  American  standpoints; 

(d)  Facilitate  the  interchange  of  ideas  and  information  among  the 

teachers  of  the  continent,  and  in  general  serve  the  educational 
interests  of  the  Americas. 

Article  23. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends,  in  order  to 
increase  the  study  of  international  law,  to  popularize  its  just 
principles,  and  to  secure  its  observance  and  application  in  the 
mutual  relations  of  the  Americas,  that  steps  be  taken  to  im- 
prove and  to  enlarge  library  and  reference  facilities — 

(a)  By  preparing  and  publishing  a  bibliography  of  international  law 
and  related  subjects,  furnishing  the  names  of  publishers  and 
prices,  so  far  as  these  are  obtainable,  with  special  reference 
to  the  needs  of  poorly  endowed  libraries; 

(6)  By  preparing  and  publishing  a  carefully  prepared  index  or  digest 
of  the  various  heads  and  subheads  of  international  law,  with 
references  to  standard  sources  of  authority  under  each  head 
and  subhead  thereof; 

(c)  By  collecting  with  the  aid,  wherever  possible,  of  ministries  of  for 
eign  afifairs  and  publishing  from  official  copies  thus  secured, 
in  cheap  and  convenient  form,  all  official  documents,  both 
foreign  and  domestic,  bearing  upon  international  law,  includ- 
ing therein  treaties,  information  relating  to  arbitration,  an- 
nouncements of  national  policy,  and  diplomatic  correspondence ; 

(rf)  By  issuing  in  the  form  of  law  reports  judgments  of  national 
courts  involving  questions  of  international  law,  the  sentences 
of  arbitral  tribunals,  and  the  awards  of  mixed  commissions. 


report  of  the  secretary  general.  i07 

Article  24. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  is  of  the  firm  conviction 
that,  as  the  idea  of  direct  government  by  the  people  grows, 
it  becomes  increasingly  essential  to  the  well-being  of  the  world 
that  the  leaders  of  opinion  in  each  community  be  familiar 
with  the  duties  and  obligations  as  well  as  with  the  rights  of 
States,  as  recognized  in  international  law,  and  that  it  has 
become  a  patriotic  duty  resting  upon  our  educational  insti- 
tutions to  give  as  thorough  and  as  extensive  courses  as  possi- 
ble in  international  law  and  related  subjects.  The  congress 
therefore  recommends — 
I.  That  steps  be  taken  to  extend  the  study  of  the  subject — 

(a)  By  increasing  the  number  of  schools  and  institutions 

in  which  international  law  and  related  subjects 
are  taught; 

(b)  By  increasing  the  number  of  students  in  attendance 

upon  the  courses;  and 

(c)  By  diffusing  a  knowledge  of  its  principles  in  each 

American  Republic. 
II.  That  a  course  in  international  law,  where  possible,  should  con- 
sist of  systematic  instruction  during  at  least  a  full  academic 
year,  divided  between  international  law  and  diplomacy;  and 
III.  That  prominent  experts  in  international  law  and  diplomacy  be 
invited  from  time  to  time  to  lecture  upon  these  subjects  in 
the  institutions  of  learning  of  the  American  Republics. 

Article  25. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  in  order  to  place  instruc- 
tion in  international  law  upon  a  more  uniform  and  scientific 
basis,  recommends  that — 
(a)  In  the  teaching  of  international  law  emphasis  be  laid  upon  the 
positive  nature  of  the  subject  and  the  definiteness  of  the 
rules,  for  whether  the  teaching  of  international  law  be  re- 
garded as  of  value  as  a  disciplinary  subject  or  from  the  stand- 
point of  its  importance  in  giving  to  the  student  a  grasp  of 
the  rules  that  govern  the  relations  of  nations,  it  is  equally 
important  that  he  have  impressed  upon  his  mind  the  definite- 
ness and  positive  character  of  the  rules  of  international  law; 
that  the  teaching  of  international  law  be  not  made  the  occa- 
sion for  a  universal  peace  propaganda;  that  the  interest  of 


I08  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

the  students  in  and  their  enthusiasm  for  the  subject  can  best 
be  aroused  by  impressing  upon  them  the  evolutionary  charac- 
ter of  the  rules  of  international  law,  for  through  such  a  presen- 
tation of  the  subject  the  student  will  not  fail  to  see  that  the 
development  of  positive  rules  of  law  governing  the  relations 
of  States  has  contributed  toward  the  maintenance  of  peace. 
(6)  In  order  to  emphasize  the  positive  character  of  international 
law  the  widest  possible  use  be  made  of  cases  and  the  concrete 
facts  of  international  experience,  for  the  i;iterest  of  students 
can  best  be  aroused  when  they  are  convinced  that  they  are 
dealing  with  such  concrete  facts,  and  that  the  marshaling  of 
such  facts  in  such  a  way  as  to  develop  or  illustrate  general 
principles  lends  dignity  to  the  subject,  which  can  not  help  but 
have  a  stimulating  influence;  that  international  law  should  be 
constantly  illustrated  from  the  sources  recognized  as  ultimate 
authority,  such  as  cases  both  of  judicial  and  arbitral  deter- 
mination; treaties,  protocols,  acts,  and  declarations  of  epoch- 
making  congresses,  such  as  Westphalia  (1648),  Vienna  (18 15). 
Paris  (1856),  The  Hague  (1899  and  1907),  and  London 
(1909);  diplomatic  incidents  ranking  as  precedents  for  action 
of  an  international  character;  and  the  great  classics  of  inter- 
national law. 

(c)  In  the  teaching  of  international  law  care  be  exercised  to  dis- 

tinguish the  accepted  rules  of  international  law  from  questions 
of  international  policy. 

(d)  In  a  general  course  on  international  law  the  experience  of  no 

one  country  be  allowed  to  assume  a  consequence  out  of  pro- 
portion to  the  strictly  international  principles  it  may  illus- 
trate. 

Article  26. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  in  order  still  further  to 
advance  the  cause  of  international  law  and  the  development 
of  international  justice,  recommends  that — 
A  major  in  international  law  in  a  university  course,  leading  to  the 
degree  6f  doctor  of  philosophy,  be  followed  if  possible  by 
residence  at  The  Hague  in  attendance  upon  the  Academy  of 
International  Law,  installed  in  19 14  in  the  Peace  Palace  in 
that  city;  and  that,  as  no  better  means  has  been  devised  for 
affording  a  just  appreciation  of  the  diverse  and  conflicting 
national  views  concerning  international  law  or  for  developing 
that  "international  mind"  which  is  so  essential  in  a  teacher 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  IO9 

of  that  subject,  as  many  fellowships  as  possible  should  be 
established  in  the  Academy  at  The  Hague  and  put  at  the 
disposition  of  advanced  students  of  international  law  in  the 
different  American  Republics. 

Article  27. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  expresses  the  opinion 
that— 
The  present  development  of  higher  education  in  the  American 
Republics  and  the  place  which  they  have  now  assumed  in  the 
affairs  of  the  society  of  nations  justify  and  demand  that  the 
study  of  the  science  and  historic  applications  of  international 
law  be  treated  on  a  plane  of  equality  with  other  subjects  in 
the  curriculum  of  colleges  and  universities,  and  that  pro- 
fessorships or  departments  devoted  to  its  study  be  estab- 
lished where  they  do  not  exist  in  every  institution  of  higher 
learning. 

Article  28. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  recognizing  the  growing 
importance  of  a  knowledge  of  international  law  to  all  persons 
who  intend  to  devote  themselves  to  the  administration  of 
justice,  and  who,  through  their  professional  occupation,  may 
contribute  largely  to  the  formation  of  public  opinion  and  who 
may  often  be  vested  with  the  highest  offices  in  the  State  and 
nation,  earnestly  requests  all  lavvf  schools  which  now  offer  no 
instruction  in  international  law  to  add  to  their  curriculum  a 
thorough  course  in  that  subject. 

Article  29. 

The  Second  Pan  American.  Scientific  Congress  regards  it  as  highly  desir- 
able, upon  the  initiative  of  institutions  where  instruction  in 
international  law  is  lacking,  to  take  steps  toward  providing 
such  instruction  by  visiting  professors  or  lecturers,  this  in- 
struction to  be  given  in  courses,  and  not  in  single  lectures, 
upon  substantive  principles,  not  upon  popular  questions  of 
momentary  interest,  and  in  a  scientific  spirit,  not  in  the 
interest  of  any  propaganda. 


no  report  of  the  secretary  general. 

Article  30. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends — 

The  establishment  and  encouragement  in  institutions  of  specialized 
courses  in  preparation  for  the  diplomatic  and  consular  serv- 
ices.   . 

Article  31. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  advises — 

That  the  study  of  international  law  be  required  in  specialized  courses 
in  preparation  for  business. 

Article  32. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  urges — 

That  in  the  study  and  teaching  of  international  law  in  American 
institutions  of  learning  special  stress  be  laid  upon  problems 
affecting  the  American  Republics  and  upon  doctrines  of 
American  origin. 

Article  33. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  extends  to  the  American 
Institute  of  International  I^aw  a  cordial  welcome  into  the 
circles  of  scientific  organizations  of  Pan  America,  and  records 
a  sincere  wish  for  its  successful  career  and  the  achievement 
of  the  highest  aims  of  its  important  labors. 

•  Article  34. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  to  all  edu- 
cational establishments  of  America  the  special  study  of  the 
constitutions,  laws,  and  institutions  of  the  Republics  of  this 
continent. 

Article  35- 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  to  the  various 
universities  of  the  American  Republics  that  a  comparative 
study  of  judicial  institutions  be  undertaken  in  order — 

(a)  To  create  special  interest  therein  in  the  several  countries  of  the 
continent ; 

(6)  To  facilitate  the  knowledge  and  solution  of  problems  of  private 
international  law  in  the  American  countries;  and 

(c)  To  bring  about  as  far  as  possible  uniformity  in  jurisprudence  and 
legislation. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERA!^.  Ill 

ARTICI.E  36. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  in  order  to  broaden  the 
outlook  and  to  bring  into  closer  contact  the  members  of  the 
legal  profession,  urges  that  the  bar  association  exchange 
among  themselves — 

(a)  Law  books  and  publications  affecting  the  legal  profession  and 
the  practice  of  law; 

(6)  New  codes  of  law  and  rules  of  procedure  as  they  are  hereafter 
published. 

Article  37. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

(a)  A  compilation  be  made,  according  to  a  definite  plan,  of  the  min- 
ing laws  of  the  American  Republics,  not  only  in  their  original 
■  languages  but  also  in  Spanish,  Portuguese,  French,  and  Eng- 
lish translations,  as  the  case  may  be,  with  a  view  to  the 
reciprocal  improvement  of  the  laws  of  each  of  the  American 
Republics; 
(6)  The  several  American  Governments  appoint  a  committee  to 
consider  the  uniformity  of  mining  statistics  and  to  make 
recommendations  to  their  respective  Governments  in  order 
to  systematize,  simplify,  and  standardize  such  statistics. 

Article  38. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  suggests  that — 

It  is  desirable  to  establish  institutions  for  the  study  of  drugs  and 
other  economic  plants  at  their  place  of  origin. 

Article  39. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  recognizing  that  the  edu- 
cation of  the  public  in  the  elementary  facts  of  malaria  is  of 
the  utmost  importance,  requests  that — 
The  American  Republics  inaugurate  a  well-considered  plan  of  ma- 
laria eradication,  based  upon  the  recognition  of  the  principle 
that  the  disease  is  preventable  to  a  much  larger  degree  than 
has*  thus  far  been  achieved. 

48192—17 8 


112  report  of  the  secretary  general,. 

Article  40. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  urges  that — 

The  American  Republics  in  which  yellow  fever  prevails  or  is  sus- 
pected of  prevailing  enact  such  laws  for  its  eradication  as 
will  best  accomplish  that  result; 
Inasmuch  as  yellow  fever  exists  in  some  of  the  European  colonies 
in  America,  they  be  invited  to  adopt  measures  for  its  elimina- 
tion. 

Article  41. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

Such  of  the  American  Republics  as  have  not  already  done  so  should 
justify  the  international  conventions  concerning  the  white- 
slave trade. 

Article  42. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  recommends  that — 

There  be  established  throughout  the  American  Republics  uniform 
methods  in  the  presentation  of  statistics,  in  the  classification 
of  merchandise  and  in  the  manufacture  thereof,  in  the  stand- 
ard of  weights,  measurements,  and  tests,  in  nomenclature  and 
specifications,  in  administrative  customs  regulations,  and  in 
the  schedules  of  port  charges; 
Provision  be  made  for  the  collection  and  study  of  the  data  thus 
made  available,  through  some  organization  which  will  assure 
a  thorough  and  scientific  comparative  study  of  the  questions 
involved. 

Article  43. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  deems  it  advisable  that — 

The  American  Republics  agree  upon  a  uniform  date  for  the  taking 

of  the  census,  and  that  uniform  methods  be  adopted  in  the 

collection,  arrangement,  and  presentation  of  commercial  and 

demographic  statistics. 

Article  44. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  is  of  the  opinion  that — 
It  is  highly  desirable  to  make  a  scientific  study  of  the  systems  of 
taxation  existing  in  the  different  American  Republics. 


report  of  the  secretary  general.  ii3 

ArticIvE  45. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  urges  that — 

The  American  Governments,  deriving  important  revenues  from  the 
consumption  of  alcohol,  organize  their  systems  of  taxation  in 
such  manner  that  their  economic  interests  be  subordinated  to 
the  higher  interests  of  a  social  and  moral  order,  which  tend 
to  the  suppression  of  alcoholism. 

Article  46. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  deems  it  desirable — 

That  the  monetary  systems  of  the  American  Republics  be  subjected 
to  careful  scientific  study,  with  a  view  to  making  the  experi- 
ence of  each  available  to  all. 

Article  47. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  especially  and  earnestly 
recommends,  in  order  to  unite  the  various  technical,  medical, 
legal,  and  other  scientific  associations  of  the  American 
Republics — 
The  establishment  of  a  Pan  American  Intellectual  Union,  to  be 
divided  into  such  groups  and  sections  as  may  be  deemed 
convenient  or  advisable,  the  details  whereof  are  contained 
in  the  records  of  the  congress  and  in  the  form  of  four  propo- 
sitions devoted  to  the  proposed  Union,  which  may,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  congress,  be  carried  into  effect  either  through 
the  instrumentality  of  the  Pan  American  Union  or  by  means 
of  some  other  existing  agency  or  institution  to  be  created,  in 
the  confident  belief  that  the  establishment  of  such  a  Union 
will  lay  broad  and  deep  the  true  foundations  of  intellectual 
Pan  Americanism. 

Article  48. 

The  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  upon  the  motion  of  the 
delegation  of  Chile,  unanimously  resolves  that — 
The  Third  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  shall  meet  in  the  city 
of  Lima  in  connection  with  the  celebration  of  the  anniversary 
of  the  independence  of  Peru,  in  1921,  and  appoints  for  that 
purpose  the  following  gentlemen :  Dr.  Javier  Prado  y  Ugar- 


114  RKPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI.. 

TECHE,  rector  of  the  University  of  San  Marcos,  Lima;  Dr. 
Manuei<  Vicente  Vii^i^aran,  Lima;  and  Dr.  Alejandro 
Deustua,  Lima,  to  constitute  the  Committee  for  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Third  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress. 

Article  49. 

Finally,  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  requests — 

The  Government  of  the  United  States  to  transmit  the  foregoing 
resolutions  and  recommendations  contained  in  the  Final  Act 
to  the  Governments  of  the  American  Republics  participating 
in  the  congress,  and  suggests  that  any  Government  thereof 
specially  interested  in  one  or  other  of  the  resolutions  or 
recommendations  take  the  initiative  to  carry  the  same  into 
effect. 

In  Faith  Whereof,  The  undersigned  official  delegates,  duly  authorized 
by  their  respective  Governments,  have  hereunto  affixed  their  hands  and 
seals  in  the  city  of  Washington,  in  the  United  States  of  America,  on  the 
eighth  day  of  January  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred 
and  sixteen. 

For  the  Congress:  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  President. 

John  Barrett,  Secretary  General. 
James  Brown  Scott,  Reporter  General. 

For  Argentina:  Ernesto  Quesada. 

For  Bolivia:  Ion  agio  Calderon. 

For  Brazil :  Domicio  da  Gama. 

For  Chile:  Julio  Philippi. 

For  Colombia:  Roberto  AncIzar. 

For  Costa  Rica:  Eduardo  J.  Pinto. 

For  Cuba:  Carlos  Manuel  de  C^spedes. 

For    the  Dominican    Re- 
public: .  A.  P^REz  Perdomo.. 

For  Ecuador:  Gonzalo  S.  Cordova. 

For  Guatemala:  Joaquin  M^ndez. 

For  Haiti:  Charles  Mathon. 

For  Honduras:  Carlos  Alberto  Ucl^s. 

For  Mexico :  M.  Gamio. 

For  Nicaragua:  D.  Rivas. 

For  Panama:  Eusebio  Morales. 

For  Paraguay:  EusEbio  Ayala. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  II5 

For  Peru:  F,  A.  Pezet. 

For  Salvador:  R.  Zai.divar. 

For  the  United  States  of 

America :  George  Gray. 

For  Uruguay:  Cari^os  M.  de  Pena. 

For  Venezuela :  Santos  A.  Dominici. 

Thereupon  the  presiding  officer  introduced  Dr.  Quesada,  who  read  the 
Spanish  translation  of  the  Final  Act. 

His  excellency  the  Brazilian  ambassador  and  chairman  of  the  Brazilian 
delegation  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report.  The  motion  was  seconded 
by  his  excellency  the  minister  of  Cuba  and  chairman  of  the  Cuban  dele- 
gation. It  was  suggested  that  the  Final  Act  be  adopted  as  a  whole  and 
proposed  that  the  chairman  of  each  delegation  vote  in  favor  of  or  against 
its  adoption.  The  secretary  general  then  called  the  roll  of  the  countries 
in  alphabetical  order,  naming  in  each  case  the  chairman  of  the  delegation. 
All  of  these  responded  aye,  and  the  report  of  the  committee  was  unani- 
mously adopted  as  the  Final  Act  of  the  Congress. 

Secretary  General  Barrett  then  made  the  following  announcement :  At 
a  meeting  of  the  executive  committee,  Thursday,  January  6,  Lima,  Peru, 
was  unanimously  selected  as  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  third  Pan  Amer- 
ican Scientific  Congress  and  the  time  set  for  the  year  1921,  the  centenary 
of  the  independence  of  Peru.  The  motion  to  select  Peru  was  made  by 
his  excellency  the  ambassador  of  Chile.  The  motion  was  seconded  by 
Dr.  Julio  Philippi,  acting  chairman  of  the  Chilian  delegation.  The  Gov- 
ernment of  Peru  conveyed  to  the  executive  committee,  through  his 
excellency  the  minister  of  Peru,  the  knowledge  of  the  acceptance  of  this 
invitation  and  of  the  appointment  of  the  following  members  of  the 
executive  committee  of  organization;  Dr.  Alejandro  Deustua,  Dr.  Javier 
Prado  y  Ugarteche,  and  Dr.  Manuel  Vicente  Villaran.  The  Congress  then 
unanimously  approved  of  the  action  of  the  committee. 

His  excellency  the  minister  of  Peru,  Sr.  Alfonso  Federico  Pezet,  then 
addressed  the  congress,  speaking  as  follows : 

Mr.  President,  and  Delegates  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scien- 
tific Congress,  Excellencies,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  It  is  a  great  honor 
for  me  to  appear  on  this  occasion  and  in  the  name  of  the  delegation 
of  Peru  and  as  the  representative  of  the  Government  of  Peru  in  the 
United  States,  to  thank  the  gentlemen  of  the  delegations  of  all  the 
Americas  for  their  unanimous  vote  that  my  country  and  my  capital, 
the  city  of  Lima,  should  be  the  seat  of  the  third  Pan  American  Scien- 
tific Congress  in  the  year  of  grace  1921. 


Il6  RBPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

I  would  not  be  true  to  myself,  and  I  would  not  be  true  to  my  senti- 
ment of  Pan  Americanism,  if  on  this  solemn  occasion  I  did  not  voice  the 
sentiment  that  is  within  my  heart  in  acknowledging  the  manner  in  which 
the  president  of  this  congress,  his  excellency  the  ambassador  of  Chile, 
took  upon  himself  the  initiative  of  designating  Lima  as  the  city  of  the 
next  conference.  His  excellency  the  minister  of  Cuba  has  stated  that 
the  "Pearl  of  the  Antilles,"  the  beautiful  city  of  Habana,  would  be 
pleased  to  give  this  welcome  to  the  delegates  of  the  third  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress,  and  I  must  ask  my  friend  and  colleague  from  Cuba 
to  accept  my  warm  thanks  for  his  gracious  act  in  withdrawing  his  claim 
to  his  beautiful  city  in  deference  to  my  country,  Peru. 

Gentlemen  of  the  scientific  congress,  whoever  of  you  are  destined  to  go 
as  the  representatives  of  your  countries  and  scientific  societies  to  repre- 
sent them  at  the  next  conference  at  Lima,  in  behalf  of  the  Government 
of  Peru  and  in  behalf  of  the  Peruvian  people,  I  ofiFer  now  and  give  you 
a  hearty  welcome.  You  will  receive  there  a  welcome  second  only  to 
the  one  that  was  given  you  in  Chile  at  the  time  of  the  first  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress;  second  only  to  the  one  that  has  been  given  you  in 
the  United  States  of  America  on  this  auspicious  occasion.  There  is  one 
thing  you  will  enjoy  perhaps  better  than  the  foreign  delegates  have 
enjoyed  in  this  country,  and  that  is  our  climate.  We  will  give  you  in 
the  month  of  July,  1921,  and  in  the  early  days  of  August  of  the  same 
year  beautiful  spring  weather.  I  am  sure  that  you  will  not  have  the 
snow  and  slush  that  you  have  had  in  these  days,  and  I  hope  not  the 
grippe  that  has  prevented  so  many  being  present  on  this  occasion. 

I  wish  and  I  beg  to  thank  the  delegation  for  their  kindness  in  honoring 
my  country  in  this  manner. 

SPECIAL  RESOLUTIONS  INTRODUCED. 

Special  resolutions  were  then  presented  on  behalf  of  the  official  dele- 
gation of  the  United  States  and  the  visiting  delegates  of  Central  and 
South  America.  The  chairman  of  the  official  delegation  of  the  United 
States,  Hon.  George  Gray,  introduced  the  resolution  which  follows  with 
these  words : 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen,  Members  of  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress :  It  is  my  privilege  and  my  pleasure,  on  behalf  of  the 
delegation  of  the  United  States  to  this  congress,  before  we  part  and  sever 
the  relations  that  have  been  so  enjoyed  by  all  of  us,  to  offer  in  behalf 
of  that  delegation  the  following  resolution : 

Resolved,  That  the  official  delegation  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States  expresses  its  most  earnest  appreciation  of  the  acceptance 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 1? 

by  all  the  other  American  Governments  of  the  invitation  of  the 
United  States  Government  to  participate  in  this  congress,  and  of 
the  eminent  and  representative  character  of  the  delegates  and 
members  who  are  in  attendance  from  these  countries,  and  that  it 
desires  to  emphasize  the  sympathy,  cordiality,  and  unanimity  of 
opinion  and  sentiment  which  the  delegates  of  the  visiting  countries 
have  manifested  in  all  their  relations,  not  only  with  each  other 
but  with  the  United  States  delegates,  and  in  conducting  the  dis- 
cussions and  reaching  the  conclusions  of  the  congress,  thus  show- 
ing a  spirit  of  practical  Pan  Americanism  which  deserves  the 
approval  of  the  Governments  and  peoples  of  all  the  participating 
nations,  and  which  will  give  this  congress  a  notable  position  in 
the  history  of  Pan  American  gatherings. 

The  chairman  of  the  official  delegation  of  Venezuela,  his  excellency  the 
minister  of  Venezuela,  Dr.  Santos  A.  Dominci,  introduced  the  resolution 
which  he  presented  on  the  part  of  the  visiting  delegations  in  the  following 
appropriate  words : 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  On  behalf  of  the  delegations  of 
Central  and  South  America  I  have  a  genuine  pleasure  in  expressing  our 
deep  gratitude  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  to  the 
hospitable  society  of  this  beautiful  Capital,  for  the  many  and  exquisite 
courtesies  which  we  have  received  in  the  last  few  days. 

If  from  the  work  accomplished  in  the  several  sections  of  this  congress 
we  carry  a  generous  store  of  knowledge  for  the  brain  of  our  studious  and 
thinking  America,  we  also  take  with  us  the  loftiest  sentiments  for  the 
unification  of  our  hearts  in  the  ideals  of  Pan  American  fraternity.  It  is 
undoubtedly  the  most  brilliant  achievement  of  this  gathering,  of  which 
we  are  proud,  that  such  Hght  and  such  sentiments  have  sprung  from  the 
very  midst  of  this  communion  of  ideas,  in  which  we,  the  children  of 
this  hemisphere,  have  strengthened  our  mutal  admiration  and  affection. 

It  seems  that  the  transcendent  words  which  two  nights  ago  the  President 
of  the  United  States  spoke  still  vibrate  within  these  walls.  His  state- 
ments were  the  synthesis  of  his  efforts  for  union  and  equality  of  the  free 
and  sovereign  Repubhcs  of  America,  a  dream  of  our  liberators,  a  guiding 
star  of  hope  in  the  prophetic  soul  of  Bolivar. 

Allow  me  to  read  on  this  solemn  occasion  a  few  gems  from  a  document 
hitherto  unpublished,  which  is  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Liberator 
in  Caracas,*  wherein  Simon  Bolivar  foresees  the  great  benefits  of  such 
union  which,  thanks  to  the  eminent  President  of  this  great  Nation,  we 
begin  to  see,  not  as  Bolivar's  dream,  but  as  a  tangible  reality. 

>  Published  in  full,  p.  142  of  this  Report. 


Il8  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAIv. 

Bolivar,  in  measuring  the  advantages  that  America  would  gain  from  a 
policy  of  better  understanding,  mutual  respect,  and  unequivocal  equality 
among  its  constituent  nations,  finds  that  should  such  be  the  case — 

The  relations  of  the  political  communities  (of  America)  would 
obtain  a  code  of  public  law  for  their  universal  rule  of  conduct; 

The  New  World  would  be  formed  by  independent  nations  bound 
together  by  a  common  set  of  laws  which  would  fix  their  foreign 
relations  and  would  give  them  a  conservative  power  in  a  general 
and  permanent  congress; 

The  existence  of  these  new  States  would  obtain  new  guaranties; 

International  order  would  be  preserved  untouched  both  among 
and  within  each  of  the  different  States; 

No  one  would  be  weaker  than  the  other,  no  one  the  stronger; 

A  perfect  balance  would  be  established  in  this  true  new  order  of 
things; 

The  strength  of  all  would  come  to  the  aid  of  the  one  suffering 
from  a  foreign  enemy  or  anarchical  factions; 

And  *  *  *  in  the  advance  of  the  centuries  there  would  be, 
perhaps,  one  single  nation  covering  the  world — the  Federal  Nation. 

The  resolution  submitted  by  the  minister  of  Venezuela  follows : 

Resolved,  That  the  congress  hereby  expresses  its  deep  apprecia- 
tion of  the  hospitality,  courtesies,  and  attentions  shown  the  dele- 
gates and  members  from  the  visiting  countries  by  the  Government 
and  delegates  of  the  United  States  and  the  people  of  Washington, 
and  that  it  desires  to  record  its  profound  satisfaction  with  the 
efficient  work  done  by  the  executive  officers  and  staff  of  the  con- 
gress, including  especially  his  excellency  Senor  Eduardo  Sudrez 
Mujica,  the  Chilean  ambassador,  president  of  the  congress;  Hon. 
William  Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United 
States,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States;  Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  secretary  of  the  Carnegie 
Endowment  for  International  Peace,  vice  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee; Hon.  John  Barrett,  Director  General  of  the  Pan  American 
Union,  secretary  general  of  the  congress;  Dr.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett, 
assistant  secretary  general;  the  chairmen  of  the  sections;  the 
assistant  secretaries  and  delegation  aides;  the  corresponding  sec- 
retaries of  the  sections  and  their  respective  assistants;  and  the 
interpreting  and  stenographic  staff,  who  have  all  labored  loyally 
and  faithfully  for  the  success  of  the  congress. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  II9 

The  above  special  resolutions  were'interpreted  into  Spanish  and  English 
and  approved  unanimously  by  the  congress  by  a  viva  voce  vote.  The 
president  of  the  congress  then  called  for  final  announcements  from  the 
secretary  general. 

TELEGRAMS  OF  CONGRATULATION. 

The  following  telegram  of  congratulations  was  read  from  the  parent 
society,  whose  wise  and  courageous  initiative  in  the  founding  of  this 
organization  deserves  the  highest  commendation : 

Buenos  Aires,  /awwary  2,  ipi6. 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 

Washington: 
The  Argentine  Scientific  Society,  the  initiator  of  these  scientific  con- 
gresses, wish  a  "Happy  New  Year"  to  the  present  congress,  and  at  the 
same  time  desires  the  success  of  American  societies  and  of  science  the 
world  over. 

BesiE  MerENO,  President. 
Orus,  Secretary. 

The  following  cablegrams  of  congratulation  received  by  the  congress  in 
answer  to  the  message  sent  to  the  Presidents  of  the  Latin  American 
Republics  by  the  president  and  the  secretary  general  of  the  congress  were 
announced  and  are  now  officially  recorded  in  this  report : 

argentina. 

Buenos  Aires,  Argentina, 

December  29,  191 5. 

Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica, 

Ambassador  of  Chile,  President  Scientific  Congress,  Washington. 
John  Barrett, 

Secretary  General: 
The  President  of  the  Republic  thanks  you  for  your  courteous  telegram 
and  sends  his  best  wishes  to  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 
with  the  hope  that  in  addition  to  its  scientific  results  there  may  be  the 
benefits  of  a  closer  relationship  and  mutual  esteem  between  the  nations 
represented  in  the  congress. 

Murature, 
Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs. 


lit)  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

BOLIVIA. 

•  La  Paz,  Bolivia, 

December  28,  191 5. 
His  Excellency  President  Scientific  Congress, 

Washington: 
I  thank  you  for  your  esteemed  cablegram  and  hope  that  the  scientific 
congress  inaugurated  yesterday  may  fulfill  the  lofty  purposes   of  its 
organization. 

ISMAEL  MoNTES. 
BRAZIL. 

Rio  DE  Janeiro, 
December  30,  191 5. 
His  Excellency  Ambassador  Mujica, 

President  of  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress,  Washington: 
I  appreciate  the  telegram  with  which  you  have  honored  me,  and  beg 
to  congratulate  your  excellency  on  the  inauguration  of  the  Second  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress  and  send  your  excellency  sincerest  congrat- 
ulations. 

Wenceslau  Braz. 
chile. 

Santiago,  Chile,  December  29,  1915. 
His  Excellency  Eduardo  SuArez  Mujica  and  John  Barrett, 

President  and  Secretary  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 
Washington: 
His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  Republic  requests  me  to  thank 
you  for  the  cordial  telegram  which  you  have  sent  him,  and  to  express  his 
sincere  hope  that  the  great  scientific  meeting  now  being  held  iu  Wash- 
ington may  contribute  largely  to  the  solidarity  of  all  the  peoples  of 
America. 

Ram6n  Subercaseaux, 
Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs  of  Chile. 

COLOMBLA. 

Bogota,  Colombia,  December  31,  1915. 
President,  Secretary,  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 

Washington: 
In  name  of  the  President  of  the  Republic  I  thank  you  for  the  com 
munication  relative  to  the  inauguration  of  the  Pan  American  Scientific 
Congress. 

Suarez, 
Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  121 

COSTA  RICA. 

San  Jose,  Costa  Rica,  December  29,  1913. 
President  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 

Washington: 
I  wish  for  you  happy  accomplishment  and  complete  success  for  your 
personal  satisfaction  and  for  the  benefit  of  our  continent. 

President  Gonzalez. 

CUBA. 

Habana,  Cuba,  December  28,  1915. 
Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  Ambassador  of  Chile,  and  John  Barrett, 

President  and  Secretary  General,  respectively,  of  the  Second  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress,  Washington: 
I  deeply  appreciate  your  excellencies'  notification  by  cablegram  of 
yesterday  that  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  has  been 
solemnly  inaugurated.  I  am  gratified  that  the  Government  of  Cuba 
under  my  administration  should  have  been  able  to  contribute  to  bringing 
about  so  important  an  event,  and  I  send  my  best  wishes  for  the  labors 
of  the  congress  in  behalf  of  the  culture  and  progress  of  all  the  nations  of 
America. 

Mario  G.  Menocal, 
President  of  the  Republic  of  Ctcba. 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 

Santo  Domingo,  December  29,  1915. 
Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  Ambassador  Chile, 

President  Pan  American  Congress,  Washington: 
I  thank  you  for  congratulations  and  send  my  respectful  greetings  to 
the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress. 

Juan  I.  Jimenez, 
President  of  the  Dominican  Republic. 

ECUADOR. 

Quito,  December  29,  1915. 
President  and  Secretary  Scientific  Congress: 

Solemn  inauguration  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  is  a 
peaceful  triumph  American  people  of  which  all  nations  of  continent  are 
proud.  I  reciprocate  felicitations  to  persons  honored  by  directing 
debates  of  this  great  assembly  and  formulate  best  wishes  success  of 
labor. 

President  Plaza. 


122  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAI.. 

GUATEMALA, 

Guatemala,  December  28,  191 5. 
Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica, 

President  Scientific  Congress. 
John  Barrett,  Secretary  General : 

Appreciate  and  thank  you  very  much  for  your  courtesy  and  send  my 
most  sincere  good  wishes  for  the  most  complete  success  of  the  Congress. 

M.  Estrada  Cabrera. 

HAITI. 

Port  au  Prince,  Haiti,  December  28,  1915. 
Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica, 

President  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  : 
I  have  much  pleasure  in  acknowledging  receipt  your  telegram  advising 
inauguration  Congress.     Many  thanks  and  sincere  congratulations  for 
selection   of    yourselves.     Please  accept   best   wishes   for  success  and 
expression  of  my  sentiments  of  good  will,  informing  John  Barrett. 

Dartiguenave, 

President  of  Haiti. 

HONDURAS. 

Tegucigalpa,  Honduras,  December  29,  1915. 
His  Excellency  Suarez  Mujica,  and  John  Barrett, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Very  glad  to  receive  notification  of  solemn  inauguration  Second  Pan 
American   Scientific   Congress.     Appreciate    highly  courtesy  and  send 
sincere  wishes  for  brilliant  success. 

Alberto  Membreno. 

MEXICO. 

PoTosi,  Mexico,  December  29,  191 5. 
John  Barrett, 

Secretary  General  Pan  American 

Scientific  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Have  deceived  with  satisfaction  your  courteous  message  of  yesterday 
and  hope  that  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  meeting  in  Wash- 
ington may  have  most  complete  success  in  its  interesting  task.     Please 
accept  my  cordial  greetings. 

V.  Caranza. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENEftAt.  I23 

mCARAGUA. 

Managua,  Nicaragua,  December  28, 191 5. 
Bxmo.  Ambassador  Suarez  Mujica, 

President  Scientific  Congress. 
Hon.  John  Barrett, 

Secretary  General. 
Appreciate  your  courteous  notification  of  inauguration  Second  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress.     Please  accept  my  best  wishes  for  its  com- 
plete success  and  transmit  to  the  honorable  members  my  cordial  expres- 
sions of  good  will  for  the  New  Year. 

Adoi^fo  Diaz. 

PANAMA. 

Panama,  Panama,  December  28,  iQi'i. 
Bduardo  Suarez  Mujica, 
John  Barrett, 

Scientific  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C. 
I  thank  you  for  your  congratulations.  To  you,  who  are  the  well- 
known  champions  of  Pan  Americanism,  is  due  the  successful  inaugura- 
tion of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  We  have  much 
to  hope  from  this  new  linking  together  of  our  people.  My  best  wishes 
for  the  success  of  your  labors. 

President  Porras. 

PARAGUAY. 

Asuncion,  Paraguay,  December  28,  1915. 
His  Excellency  Suarez  Mujica, 

President  Scientific  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C. : 
Appreciate  your  excellency's  greetings.  Please  accept  my  best  wishes 
for  the  complete  success  of  the  congress,  the  meeting  of  which  will  con- 
tribute largely  to  the  further  unification  of  the  moral  interests  of  all 
America,  uniting  its  efforts  for  the  development  of  thought  and  its  ideals 
and  feelings  in  the  field  of  international  law  and  justice. 

Eduardo  SchaerER, 

President  of  the  Republic. 

PERU. 

Lima,  Peru,  December  28,  191 5. 
Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica, 

Ambassador  of  Chile,  President  of  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress. 
John  Barrett, 

Secretary  General,  Washington,  D.  C: 
I  thank  you  for  your  courteous  aimouncement  of  the  solemn  inaugura- 
tion Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.     I  send  to  the  delegates 


124  REPORT  OF  THB   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

the  cordial  good  wishes  of  my  country  and  its  hope  that  the  results  of 
your  labors  may  fulfill  the  noble  ideals  which  inspired  the  meeting  of  so 
brilliant  an  assemblage. 

Jose  Pardo,  President  of  Peru. 

SAN  SALVADOR. 

San  Sai^vador. 
Messrs.  Suarez  Mujica  and  Barrett, 

Washington,  D.  C: 
I  thank  you  for  your  important  message  and  trust  sincerely  that 
congress  will  be  fruitful  in  good  for  nations  of  this  continent. 

President  Mei^Endez. 
the  united  states. 

Hot  Springs,  Va.,  December  27,  191 5. 
Hon.  John  Barrett, 

Memorial  Continental  Hall,  Washington,  D.  C: 
Please  present  my  warmest  greetings  to  the  delegates  to  the  Pan 
American  Scientific  Congress  and  extend  to  them  on  my  behalf  a  most 
cordial  welcome.  It  seems  to  me  to  be  of  the  happiest  omen  that  the 
attendance  upon  this  congress  should  be  so  large  and  the  interest  in  its 
proceedings  so  great.  I  hope  that  the  greatest  success  will  attend  every 
activity  of  the  congress  and  that  the  intimate  intercourse  of  thought 
which  it  produces  will  bind  America  still  closer  together  throughout  both 
continents  alike  in  sympathy  and  in  purpose. 

WooDRow  Wilson. 

VENEZUELA. 

Caracas,  Venezuela,  December  28,  1913. 
Secretary  General, 

Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress, 

Washington,  D.  C: 
I  rejoice  in  inauguration  of  most  important  assembly  and  appreciate 
greetings,  congratulating  Hon.  Mr.  Barrett  for  success  and  his  excellency 
Mr.  Sudrez  for  appointment  accepted. 

V.  Marquez  Bustillos, 

Provisional  President. 

Secretary  General  Barrett  then  expressed  the  profound  regrets  of  Assist- 
ant Secretary  General  Swiggett  and  of  Dr.  Leo  S.  Rowe,  member  of  the 
official  delegation  of  the  United  States  and  chairman  of  the  section  on  trans- 
portation, commerce,  finance,  and  taxation,  that  illness  prevented  them 
from  assisting  in  this  final  plenary  session  and  their  keen  satisfaction  in 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL,  1 25 

the  success  of  the  congress.  The  secretary  general,  by  direction  of  the 
executive  committee  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  expressed  gratitude 
to  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution  for  their  courtesy  in  per- 
mitting the  use  of  Continental  Memorial  Hall  for  the  general  and  special 
sessions  of  the  congress.  He  further  expressed  the  gratitude  of  the  same 
committee  to  Mrs.  Robert  I^ansing,  wife  of  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the 
United  States,  and  Mrs.  Glen  Levin  Swiggett,  wife  of  the  assistant  sec- 
retary general,  and  the  other  ladies  cooperating  with  them,  for  the  effi- 
cient work  and  deep  interest  they  had  shown  in  the  Women's  Auxiliary 
Conference.  The  announcement  was  then  made  that  the  special  train 
chartered  to  carry  the  delegates  and  members  of  their  families  on  a  tour 
to  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  Princeton,  New  York,  New  Haven,  and  Boston 
would  depart  Monday  morning,  January  10,  leaving  the  Union  Station 
over  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  promptly  at  lo  o'clock. 

FINAL  ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE   CONGRESS. 

His  excellency  the  Chilean  ambassador  was  greeted  with  great  applause 
when  he  arose  to  deliver,  as  the  presiding  officer,  the  concluding  address 
of  this  solemn  and  final  plenary  session  of  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress.  The  address,  given  in  Spanish,  was  translated 
immediately  into  English  by  Dr.  Luis  Baralt,  a  delegate  of  Cuba,  who 
kindly  acted  as  interpreter  by  request  of  the  president  of  the  congress. 
The  address  of  the  president  of  the  congress  follows : 

Excellency,  Messrs.  Delegates,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen :  We  have  reached, 
without  great  obstacles,  the  end  of  our  journey.  We  have  successfully 
carried  out  the  work  that  could  reasonably  have  been  expected  of  con- 
gresses, such  as  ours,  which  are  not  designed  to  undertake  the  research 
and  discovery  of  technical  solutions,  but  rather  to  quicken  the  devel- 
opment of  the  scientific  spirit  and  to  facilitate  the  drawing  together 
of  the  scholars  in  the  different  nations.  The  interesting  series  of  motions 
that  have  been  carried — as  reported  just  now — by  the  sections  and  subsec- 
tions into  which  the  congress  has  been  divided,  shows  as  a  whole  that 
over  its  deliberations  there  has  prevailed  the  well-conceived  purpose  of 
tracing  common  courses  toward  common  ends  for  the  future  labors  of 
the  intellectual  centers  in  the  continent,  and  it  has  further  shown  that, 
thereby,  greater  solidarity  and  consequently  greater  efficiency  have  been 
secured  for  the  intellectual  and  moral  progress  of  the  New  World. 

This  alone  would  suffice  to  make  us  feel  that  whatever  personal  sac- 
rifice we  may  have  done  is  thus  fully  compensated.  But  this  is  not  all. 
As  a  natural  consequence  of  the  drawing  together  of  superior  men  from 
our  various  nations,  the  spirit  of  the  assembly  has  glided  spontaneously 


126  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

and  smoothly  toward  the  political  international  side  of  our  common 
relations  within  the  continent;  and,  although  we  have  perhaps  uninten- 
tionally entered  into  that  ground,  even  a  little  further  than  it  became  a 
convention  of  scientific  purposes,  we  have  thus  taken  a  further  step  in 
the  direction  of  consolidating  the  work  of  harmony  and  of  mutual  under- 
standing, of  cordial  cooperation,  and  of  mutual  respect,  in  which  the 
young  nations  of  this  continent  should  thrive  and  grow  strong.  It  is 
certainly  not  the  business  of  the  delegates  to  this  congress  to  determine 
what  shall  be  the  course  followed  by  the  foreign  offices  of  our  countries. 
But  we,  who  have  breathed  this  atmosphere  of  American  fraternity,  can, 
at  least,  let  them  know  that  in  this  congress,  from  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  the  delegate  from  the  most  distant  parts  of  the  Ameri- 
cas, we  are  united  in  the  noble  desire  of  seeking  political  unity  of  the 
continent,  so  that  the  nations  which  compose  it  may  thus  lend  one  another 
mutual  support  and  thus  afford  themselves  better  protection  against 
foreign  danger,  and,  at  the  same  time,  voluntarily  settle  their  own  dififer- 
ences  through  any  means  which  friendship  should  suggest  to  them;  for 
all  are  equally  good  and  efficacious,  provided  it  be  not  attempted  to  im- 
pose them  upon  the  free  will  of  any  sovereign  nation. 

We  can,  therefore,  say  that  the  congress  has  been  a  success,  both  as 
to  its  scientific  side,  which  belongs  peculiarly  to  it,  and  as  to  its  aspect 
of  social  intercourse  and  of  a  better  political  understanding,  which  have 
been  its  cordial  and  significant  support. 

The  delegates  return  to  their  homes  carrying  with  them  the  certainty 
of  the  good  results  which  have  been  realized  and  the  sincere  congratula- 
tions of  the  opinion  of  the  continent,  which  applauds  the  work  done.  It 
is  a  pleasant  duty  for  me  to  extend  these  congratulations,  principally 
to  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  to  the  officers  who  had  under 
their  charge  and  carried  out  successfully  the  vast  organization  of  this 
congress,  and,  finally,  to  the  numerous  and  brilliant  learned  and  educa- 
tional societies  and  intellectual  corporations  from  the  United  States 
which  have  brought  so  valuable  a  contribution  of  enlightenment  and 
activity  to  our  labors. 

Under  one  of  the  resolutions  you  have  adopted,  the  city  of  Lima, 
capital  of  Peru,  has  been  selected  as  the  seat  for  the  next  congress. 
Congratulating  the  representatives  here  present  from  that  illustrious 
Government  for  the  well-deserved  honor  conferred  upon  it,  I  call  upon 
you,  Messrs.  Delegates,  to  promote  in  your  countries  with  the  energy 
that  you  are  capable  of  devoting,  for  the  sake  of  these  noble  ideals,  the 
preliminary  work  necessary  in  order  that  the  coming  scientific  congress 
at  I/ima  may  be  one  of  equal  success. 


FOURTH  PLENARY  SESSION. 


The  dinner  given  by  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  delegates  on  the 
part  of  the  United  States  of  America  to  the  Latin  American  delegates, 
on  Saturday  evening,  January  8,  1916,  at  the  New  Willard  Hotel,  is 
included  among  the  plenary  sessions  of  the  congress  in  accordance  with 
an  established  custom  of  the  scientific  congresses. 

The  ballroom  of  the  New  Willard  was  beautifully  decorated  for  the 
occasion  with  the  flags  of  the  twenty-one  American  Republics  arranged  in 
graceful  festoons.  At  the  long  table  running  the  entire  length  of  the 
west  side  of  the  room  were  seated  the  presiding  officer,  the  Brazilian 
ambassador  upon  his  right  and  the  Chilean  ambassador  upon  his  left. 
Then,  on  either  side,  were  seated  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  the 
other  Latin  American  countries  and  the  chairmen  of  the  visiting  delega- 
tions. The  great  body  of  guests  were  placed  around  forty  small  tables 
arranged  in  parallel  rows.  The  music  for  the  occasion  was  furnished 
by  the  United  States  Marine  Band  orchestra,  seated  in  the  gallery 
directly  facing  the  speakers'  table. 

The  guests  assembled  in  the  small  ballroom,  where  they  were  wel- 
comed by  Secretary  Lansing;  Judge  Gray,  chairman  of  the  United 
States  delegation;  WHUam  Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State 
and  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States;  by  the  members  of  the  United  States  delegation;  and  by  the 
secretary  general  and  assistant  secretary  general  of  the  congress.  After 
the  guests  were  seated  a  flash-light  photograph  was  taken. 

A  feature  of  the  evening  was  the  distribution  of  silver  and  bronze 
medals  struck  ofiF  by  the  United  States  mint  at  Philadelphia  in  com- 
memoration of  the  Second  Pan  America  Scientific  Congress  bearing  the 
words,  on  one  side,  "Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  Dec.  27, 
1915-Jan.  8,  1916,  Washington  U.  S.  A.,"  and  on  the  other,  the  legend, 
"Friendship  SoHdarity  Progress  Through  Scientific  Achievement,"  and 
figures  representing  North  and  South  America  with  hands  clasped  over  a 
rehef  map  of  North  and  South  America  with  an  outline  of  the  Pan  Ameri- 
can Building  at  the  base.  The  menu  cover  was  designed  by  the  well- 
known  sculptress  of  New  York,  Sally  James  Farnham,  who  also  assisted 

127 
4819J^-17 9 


128  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

in  designing  the  commemorative  medal.  Special  credit  is  due  Robert 
W.  Wooley,  Director  of  the  Mint,  for  the  successful  striking  off  of  this 
medal. 

The  names  of  the  speakers  follow: 

The  honorable  the  Secretary  of  State. 

His  excellency  the  Ambassador  of  Chile,  the  president  of  the 
congress. 

Hon.  George  Gray,  chairman  of  the  delegation  of  the  United  States. 

His  excellency  the  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  of  Costa  Rica 
on  special  mission. 

His  excellency  the  Minister  of  Bolivia,  chairman  of  the  delegation 
of  Bolivia. 

Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  secretary  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Inter- 
national Peace. 

Secretary  General  Barrett  also  delivered  a  brief  address  in  response  to 
calls  from  the  delegates. 

INTRODUCTORY  REMARKS  BY  THE  PRESIDING  OFFICER, 
THE  HONORABLE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

Gentlemen,  I  had  the  privilege  of  addressing  this  great  congress  at  its 
opening  session,  and  now  I  again  have  an  opportunity  of  saying  a  few 
words  at  this  last  gathering. 

At  the  opening  session  I  expressed  the  hope  that  Pan  America  would 
be  the  keynote  of  this  congress,  and  now  to-day,  after  two  weeks  of  your 
sessions,  I  can  say  that  my  hope  has  been  realized  and  more  than  realized. 
And  yet  at  this  time  of  congratulations,  there  is,  I  am  sure,  with  us  all  a 
feeling  of  regret  that  the  friendships  we  have  made,  the  close  intimacy  in 
which  we  have  been  for  these  past  two  weeks,  must  come  to  an  end,  and 
those  who  have  been  here  are  to  separate  and  go  their  several  ways. 

I  wish  to  assure  you,  our  visitors  from  the  other  Republics,  that  it  has 
not  only  been  an  honor  but  a  pleasure  to  have  the  opportunity  of  enter- 
taining you,  officially  and  in  our  homes.  We  have  come  to  know  one  an- 
other better  than  we  knew  one  another  before.  We  have,  we  feel,  a 
friendship  that  is  new  in  the  Americas.  We  shall  not  forget  you  and  we 
hope  you  will  not  forget  us. 

Every  man  loves  his  native  land  above  all  others.  We  call  that  pa- 
triotism, and  we  know  that  the  destiny  of  a  nation  is  in  the  hearts  of  its 
people.  But  at  this  time  when  a  new  spirit  is  awakening  in  the  Americas 
and  we  behold  a  united  destiny,  how  can  a  man's  patriotism  be  better 
exemplified  than  in  strengthening  the  bonds  joining  our  Republics,  bonds 


REPORT  OP  run  SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  1 29 

which  are  stronger  now  than  in  the  past,  and  which,  I  trust,  will  grow 
stronger  with  the  years. 

Gentlemen,  when  you  return  to  your  homes,  I  hope  that  each  man  will 
act  as  an  apostle  of  Pan  Americanism,  teaching  his  fellow  citizens  the 
truth  as  to  other  Republics,  wiping  away  every  suspicion  or  doubt 
as  to  their  motives  or  their  intentions  or  their  willingness  to  help  their 
fellow  Republics.  Pan  Americanism — and  you  see  I  must  return  to  that 
theme  always — Pan  Americanism  ought  to  be  our  guide  in  all  our  inter- 
course, the  guardian  of  our  mutual  interests,  and  the  hope  of  America 
for  all  time. 

ADDRESS    OF    HIS    EXCELLENCY    THE    CHILEAN    AMBAS- 
SADOR AND  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CONGRESS. 

The  address  of  his  excellency  the  Chilean  ambassador  and  president  of 
the  congress  follows: 

Gentlemen,  I  believe  that  in  my  capacity  as  president  of  the  scientific 
congress  I  am  not  committing  an  offense  when  I  assume  the  representa- 
tion of  the  assembly,  as  a  body,  in  order  to  respond  with  a  sincere  expres- 
sion of  our  gratitude  for  the  sumptuous  hospitality  that  this  great  ban- 
quet involves.  It  is  a  new  proof,  still  more  prominent  and  solemn,  of  the 
cordial  reception  with  which  we  have  been  honored  in  this  Capital  by  the 
representative  elements  of  the  public  administration,  of  the  private 
intellectual  corporations,  and  of  the  distinguished  and  attractive  society 
of  Washington.  In  fact,  nearly  two  weeks  have  gone  by,  during  which 
time  the  intensive  life  of  the  Capital  of  the  United  States  has  revolved, 
unreservedly,  around  us,  giving  the  foreign  visitors  an  opportunity  to 
become  acquainted  with  the  interesting  mechanism  of  the  governmental 
departments  and  bureaus  and  to  admire  and  study  in  detail  the  labor 
of  scientific  organizations,  thus  furnishing  them  with  pleasing  and  grati- 
fying compensations  for  the  troubles  common  to  a  life  devoted  to  study 
and  concentration.  And  even  if  it  be  in  the  absence  of  "the  better  half 
of  the  soul,"  as  the  poet  calls  her,  I  want  to  pay  here  reverent  homage  to 
the  interesting  and  most  enlightened  ladies  who,  with  inexhaustible 
kindness,  have  honored  the  members  of  this  congress — each  and  every 
one  of  whom,  I  feel  sure,  will  live  engraved  in  recollection  upon  a 
special  page  in  the  memory  of  the  delegates. 

Not  only  the  personal  gratitude  of  the  delegates  is  under  obligation 
by  the  holding  of  this  congress.  The  Governments  of  America  owe  it 
equally  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States  on  account  of  the  man- 


I30  REPORT  Olf  Tim  SECRETARY  GENERAI^. 

ner  with  which  it  has  contributed  to  the  organization,  development,  and 
final  success  of  our  labors.  Their  thanks  are  likewise  due  to  the  United 
States  Government  for  having  taken  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to 
increase  the  currents  of  Pan  Americanism  and  to  impress  the  international 
policy  of  America  with  a  stamp  of  closer  and  more  frank  confraternity. 

In  this  wise  there  is  being  formed  for  the  nations  of  the  three  Americas 
a  common  atmosphere;  there  is  being  built  a  sort  of  new  home — the  Pan 
American  home — under  whose  shadow  and  through  the  bonds  established 
by  the  drawing  together  of  individuals  we  are  to  profit,  without  any 
hindrance,  on  behalf  of  our  common  development,  by  the  natural  re- 
sources of  our  countries,  by  the  well-proven  energy  of  our  races,  and  by 
all  the  means  that  the  stupendous  progress  of  the  world  during  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century  offers  to  human  life,  peace,  and  happiness. 

Let  us  hope  that  educational  enterprise  and  labor  wdll  ultimately  place 
our  countries  upon  the  same  moral  and  intellectual  level;  that  the  great 
material  agencies  of  communication  and  rapprochements — the  railroad 
and  the  steamer — will  link  our  cities  and  multiply  our  commerce;  that 
the  indefatigable  scouts  of  public  health  will  extend  the  blessings  of 
sanitation  and  hygiene  to  the  remotest  and  most  dangerous  corners  in 
the  continent.  Let  us  hope  that  the  sense  of  justice  and  right  shall  rule 
unhindered  among  our  peoples  and  governments;  let  us  hope  that  the 
great  discoveries  with  which  talents  such  as  Edison's  have,  during  recent 
times,  enriched  the  fields  of  electrical,  mechanical,  and  chemical  appli- 
cation shall  be  fruitfully  utilized  as  instruments  for  the  achievement  of 
our  material  progress,  instead  of  being  used,  as  is  now  unfortunately  the 
case  across  the  waters,  in  precipitating  the  dissolution  of  progress  and 
the  destruction  of  men  and  of  nations. 

All  the  expectations  comprised  vvithin  the  picture  I  have  just  sketched 
fall  within  the  sphere  of  influence  and  of  action  peculiar  to  scientific 
congresses,  and  for  this  reason  I  consider  that  the  effort  of  the  United 
States  for  the  accomplishment  of  the  congress  we  have  just  held  deserves 
our  regard  and  gratitude. 

I  request  you,  gentlemen,  to  join  me  in  a  toast  in  honor  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States  as  the  highest  symbol  of  the  country  which  so  fra- 
ternally has  been  entertaining  us. 

The  honorable.  Secretary  of  State  introduced  the  chairman  of  the 
official  delegation  of  the  United  States,  in  the  following  words : 

Gentlemen,  I  thank  his  excellency  for  giving  us  a  rope  of  hope,  or  hopes, 
with  so  many  strands.  The  more  the  strands  the  stronger  the  rope,  and 
the  more  firmly  we  will  be  bound  together.     But  I  must  not  forget  that 


REJPORT  OF  the;   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  13I 

this  is  a  scientific  congress,  and  I  feel  that  I  should  call  upon  the  scientific 
expert,  and  I  know  no  better  way  to  do  this  than  to  call  upon  an  expert 
in  the  science  of  jurisprudence.  I  would  request,  therefore,  that  Judge 
George  Gray,  who  has  so  often  served  his  country,  not  only  on  the  bench 
at  home  but  at  The  Hague,  respond  to  the  scientific  toast. 

ADDRESS     OF    JUDGE     GEORGE     GRAY,     CHAIRMAN     OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES  DELEGATION. 

Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  Your  Excellency  the  Ambassador  of  Chile,  and 
Members  of  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress: 

When  I  was  first  tendered  the  honor  by  the  Secretary  of  State  \vith 
an  appointment  to  this  great  congress,  whose  title  was  the  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress,  I  replied  that  there  was  no  one  in  all  the  wide  bounds 
of  this  country  to  whom  the  word  "scientific"  was  less  applicable  than 
myself.  He  replied  graciously  that  as  I  had  been  for  some  time  a  lawyer, 
a  country  lawyer,  and  some  time  upon  the  bench,  that  I  ought  not  to 
forswear  my  profession,  but  come  to  this  scientific  congress  and  partici- 
pate as  best  I  could  in  the  section  of  international  law  and  jurispru- 
dence. So  I  accepted  the  invitation  and  am  here  to-day  with  that  degree 
of  pride  that  comes  from  the  association  of  a  nameless  individual  with 
the  great  scientists  of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  I  feel  proud  of  this 
association,  and  my  self  respect  has  been  greatly  increased  by  my  asso- 
ciation here  in  this  assemblage. 

My  friends — I  will  not  say  my  friends  of  South  America — we  are  all 
Americans  to-night,  and  let  us  hope  there  will,  from  this  time  on  as 
never  before,  be  Americans,  Pan  Americans,  in  the  true  sense  of  that 
word. 

I  listened  with  interest  to  his  excellency,  the  ambassador  from  Chile, 
as  he  spoke  in  fluent  English  to  this  great  assemblage,  and  I  thought 
of  the  bond  of  union  it  would  be  if  we  in  the  north  could  know  the  lan- 
guage of  the  south  as  he  does  ours.  No  greater  bond  of  union  could 
exist  between  peoples  than  unity  of  language.  No  greater  obstacle  to 
friendly  intercourse,  to  that  intimacy  which  is  better  than  alliances  or 
treaties,  can  exist  than  diversity  of  language,  and  I  hope  that  that 
admonition  that  was  made  in  your  Final  Act  in  the  congress  to-day  to  the 
peoples  of  North  and  South  America  to  cultivate  the  language  of  each 
other  by  greater  attention  to  Spanish  and  Portuguese  by  the  institutions 
of  learning  here  in  the  north,  and  greater  attention  to  English  by  like 
institutions  in  the  south,  will  bear  fruit,  and  if  it  does  I  am  confident 


132  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv. 

that  in  a  very  short  time  it  will  result  in  a  bond  and  feeling  of  sympathy 
that  we  have  never  experienced. 

It  is  not  without  emotion  that  as  chairman  of  the  United  States  dele- 
gation I  say  a  word  of  farewell  to  those  representatives  of  the  Latin 
American  Republics  who  have  for  these  many  days  labored  with  us  as 
comrades  and  friends  in  forwarding  the  work  of  the  Pan  American  Con- 
gress. By  your  efifort  and  loyalty  to  the  purposes  of  the  congress  we 
have  high  hopes  that  an  increased  interest  in  the  arts  and  sciences  which 
lie  at  the  foundation  of  modem  civilization  will  be  created  and  that  the 
cause  of  humanity  will  be  promoted  not  only  in  Pan  America  but  through- 
out the  world. 

We  felicitate  ourselves  that  we  in  this  Western  World  are  outside  the 
bloody  arena  of  the  internecine  war  that  is  devastating  Europe  to-day. 
Yet  we  can  not  escape  from  under  the  shadow  it  casts  over  the  world. 
Not  only  are  our  material  interests  gravely  affected  by  the  unprecedented 
violence  and  extent  of  the  struggle,  but  our  moral  nature  is  shocked  by 
the  disregard  of  those  restraints  which  civilization  and  humanity  were 
supposed  to  have  placed  on  the  war  lust  of  belligerent  nations. 

It  is  for  us  of  the  Pan  American  States  to  see  that  our  judgments  are 
not  confused  by  this  anarchy  of  war.  We  have  not  contributed  directly 
or  remotely  to  the  causes  which  have  brought  it  about.  It  is  our  right 
and  duty  as  States  to  be  neutral  and  to  maintain  and  defend  our  neu- 
trality. I  do  not,  of  course,  mean  neutrality  of  public  opinion — there 
can  be  no  such  thing  as  moral  neutrality — the  free  and  intelligent  peo- 
ples of  these  Americas  can  not  be  expected  to  sit  as  silent  and  indifferent 
spectators  in  the  world's  great  amphitheater  and  view  the  enactment 
of  the  bloodiest  drama  in  all  history  and  not  raise  their  voice  in  protest 
against  its  unspeakable  and  causeless  horrors.  We  must  do  something 
to  vindicate  the  thought  and  purpose  of  the  peace-loving  Pan  American 
people  to  resist  the  great  tide  of  lawlessness  and  savagery  that  seems 
now  to  threaten  to  engulf  the  world  by  upholding  the  standards  of  civil- 
ization, peace,  and  humanity.  Unembarrassed  as  we  are  by  dynastic 
ambitions  and  breathing  an  air  free  from  the  baleful  poison  of  militar- 
ism, we  may,  in  God's  providence,  be  enabled  to  serve  the  cause  of  hu- 
manity by  our  example  and  to  spread  a  gospel  not  of  hate  but  of  friend- 
liness and  good  will  to  all  the  nations  of  the  world.  Not  with  unintel- 
ligent complacency,  but  with  all  reverence  and  humility,  may  we  not 
so  stand  together  in  this  great  world  crisis  and  maintain  those  great 
principles  of  justice  and  humanity  which  can  not  be  effaced  from  the 
hearts  of  men. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 33 

Whatever  position  we  assume,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  we  of  the 
Americas  will  present  a  united  front  to  the  nations  of  the  world.  Our 
traditions  forbid  us  to  believe  otherwise  than  that  our  position  will  be 
based  upon  justice  and  that  we  shall  maintain  the  right  as  God  gives  us 
to  see  the  right.  I^et  our  courage  be  reassured  by  the  confidence  that 
our  conduct  as  members  of  the  family  of  nations  will  conform  to  the 
obligations  of  those  fundamental  canons  of  international  law  that  appeal 
to  the  enlightened  conscience  of  mankind.  It  is  only  thus,  when  "the 
earth  is  full  of  anger  and  the  seas  are  dark  with  wrath,"  that  we  can 
maintain  our  equanimity  and  promote  our  peaceful  purposes. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  has  placed  his  country  upon  the 
unassailable  ground  of  law  and  humanity,  and  there  we  appeal  to  the 
peoples  of  Latin  America  to  stand  with  us,  unshaken  and  unshakable 
in  his  support. 

Some  day  the  opportunity  may  come — and  we  all  fervently  pray  it  may 
soon  come — when  he  can  offer  as  the  spokesman  of  all  America  a  sugges- 
tion that  may  find  lodgment  in  the  mind  and  heart  of  the  peoples  of  the 
world.  This  voice  when  spoken  must  be  the  voice  of  a  virile  people  who, 
with  no  selfish  ends  to  subserve  and  purpose  of  aggression  or  aggrandize- 
ment, stand  for  law  and  justice  and  the  broad  humanities  that  underlie 
our  civilization.  Let  our  motto  be,  "Humanity  over  all."  We  must  be 
ready  to  defend,  if  needs  be,  the  position  we  have  taken,  and  prepare 
ourselves,  not  for  war,  but,  as  has  been  happily  said,  against  war. 

There  is  nothing  inconsistent  with  our  character  as  a  peace-loving 
Nation  in  so  strengthening  ourselves  that  we  will  be  listened  to  with 
respect  when  we  speak — at  the  right  time;  at  the  right  moment — the 
word  that  shall  attract  the  attention  it  deserves. 

In  order  that  we  may  do  this,  I  venture  to  say  that  it  is  our  duty  so 
to  strengthen  our  sea  power,  south  as  well  as  north,  that  we  may  protect 
the  commerce  that  traverses  the  high  seas  and  the  ocean  paths  that  are 
open  to  all  neutral  nations,  and  that  we  of  the  United  States  must  so 
strengthen  our  Army  that  it  may  serve  as  the  nucleus  upon  which  the 
citizen  soldiery  of  the  States  may  be  built  into  an  efficient  army  of 
defense.  These,  I  believe,  are  the  sentiments  which  are  felt  in  the  hearts 
of  the  American  people  as  they  hold  up  the  olive  branch  of  peace  to  the 
nations  of  the  world. 

International  law  has  not  perished  in  this  great  cataclysm  in  Europe. 
It  is  revered  and  observed  in  all  the  Americas.  "Though  all  we  knew 
depart,"  the  old  commandments  stand.  The  moral  law  of  the  decalogue 
is  violated  every  day,  but  its  obligations  still  assert  themselves  in  the 


134  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,. 

hearts  and  consciences  of  men.  Its  sanctions  can  not  be  defied  with 
impunity,  nor  can  those  of  international  law. 

However  the  passions  of  warring  nations  may  tend  to  the  ignoring  of 
these  obligations,  we  can  appeal  to  the  deliverance  at  The  Hague  and 
hear  the  authoritative  voice  of  reason  and  humanity  proclaiming  a  law 
"whose  seat  is  the  bosom  of  God  and  whose  voice  is  the  harmony  of  the 
world." 

Never  since  these  continents  were  first  pressed  by  the  feet  of  white 
men  has  such  an  opportunity  come  to  the  peoples  of  North  and  South 
America  to  unite  for  their  own  advancement  and  for  the  blessing  of  the 
world.  We  need  no  formal  treaties  to  impel  us  to  the  unity  of  thought 
and  action  that  will  make  the  injury  of  one  the  injury  of  all.  It  is  for 
us,  of  all  the  world,  to  make  a  moral  salvage  of  Christian  civilization.  To 
paraphrase  the  words  of  our  President,  the  Americas  ask  nothing  for 
themselves  except  what  they  have  a  right  to  ask  for  humanity  itself. 

Friendliness  and  good  will  have  been  the  atmosphere  in  which  this 
congress  has  worked  for  the  benefit  of  humanity.  It  is  only  for  the 
peoples  of  the  two  continents  to  will  to  be  friends  and  the  work  is  accom- 
plished. Time  and  circumstance  have  drawn  us  together.  We  can  not 
ignore  the  community  of  our  interest  if  we  would,  nor  can  we  neglect  the 
duty  of  cooperation  which  that  community  imposes  upon  us. 

With  the  performance  of  that  duty  of  cooperation  will  come,  I  am 
sure,  the  mutual  respect  upon  which  alone  true  friendship  can  be  founded. 
On  such  foundation  I  look  forward  hopefully  to  a  union  of  the  peoples  of 
Pan  America  more  enduring  than  any  that  come  from  treaties  or  laws. 

Gentlemen  of  the  congress,  your  meeting  in  this  Capital  City  has 
brightened  our  hope  for  the  future,  and  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
delegation  I  bid  our  brethren  of  Latin  America  a  regretful  and  affectionate 
farewell. 

Mr.  Lansing  introduced  his  excellency  the  minister  of  foreign  affairs 
of  Costa  Rica  in  the  following  words: 

Gentlemen,  I  feel  that  it  would  be  presumptuous  on  my  part  to  say  a 
word  following  the  eloquent  address  to  which  you  have  listened,  and  which 
I  am  sure  finds  an  echo  in  the  heart  of  every  American,  whether  he  be 
from  the  north  or  the  south,  and  I  would  only  add  this,  as  a  toast  to  the 
restoration  of  peace  in  this  war  and  the  reverence  for  law  throughout  the 
world,  to  those  who  make  principles  which  should  guide  individuals  and 
nations  in  their  intercourse  with  one  another. 

Gentlemen,  we  have  had  the  honor  to  hear  from  South  America  and 
from  North  America.     It  is  now  our  privilege  to  hear  from  Central 


REPORT  Olf  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 35 

America.  We  have  to-night  as  our  guest  a  distinguished  statesman, 
who  has  conducted  with  success  the  foreign  affairs  of  his  Government, 
I  have  the  honor  to  introduce  to  you,  gentlemen,  the  minister  of  foreign 
affairs  of  Costa  Rica. 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  COSTA  RICAN  MINISTER  OF   FOREIGN 

AFFAIRS. 

Sr,  Don  Julio  Acosta,  minister  for  foreign  affairs  of  Cost  Rica  and 
representing  that  Republic  on  special  mission,  spoke  in  Spanish,  the 
following  being  a  free  translation  of  his  remarks: 

This  banquet  marks  a  solemn  hour  in  the  history  of  the  Americas, 
occurring  as  it  does  at  the  close  of  one  of  the  most  important  scientific 
congresses,  whose  sessions  have  just  terminated,  that  has  ever  been 
held  by  the  free  nations  of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  The  results  can 
not  be  long  in  becoming  evident,  because  this  policy  of  true  American 
solidarity  has  for  a  number  of  years  entered  deeply  into  our  hearts,  and 
each  day  we  feel  more  and  more  impelled  to  lend  it  our  undivided  sup- 
port and  to  consider  it  a  lofty  ideal  to  which  we  should  devote  the  energy 
of  our  lives. 

The  strengthening  of  the  bonds  of  amity  and  interest  is  being  slowly 
but  surely  realized.  This  congress  has  already  greatly  advanced  in  this 
direction,  but  much  is  still  left  to  be  done.  The  congress  urges  not  only 
encouragement  in  the  economic  development  of  the  Latin  American 
RepubUcs,  but  also  the  immediate  diffusion  of  education  among  the 
masses  in  order  to  prepare  us  properly  for  the  new  program  which  present 
world  events  will  impose  upon  us  as  a  law  of  progress  and  social  well- 
being. 

I  think  that  this  distinguished  group  of  the  delegates  of  the  Americas 
which  has  assembled  in  Washington  will  have  understood,  from  what  I 
have  observed,  that  a  knowledge  of  the  English  language  in  the  Latin 
American  RepubUcs  and  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  in  the  United  States 
will  be  the  most  powerful  lever  in  the  establishment  of  a  perfect  under- 
standing among  the  nations  of  the  Americas.  By  acquiring  these  lan- 
guages we  will  be  enabled  to  read  the  minds  of  the  different  races  who 
inhabit  this  hemisphere  and  attain  that  complete  unity  of  aspiration 
which  will  come  as  a  consequence  of  a  perfect  harmony  and  a  stronger 
confidence  in  the  destiny  of  the  Americas.  A  most  favorable  impression 
has  been  made  upon  me  whenever  a  distinguished  lady  or  an  intelligent 
girl  residing  in  Washington  has  spoken  to  me  in  the  language  of  my 
country. 


136  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

We  shall  not  easily  forget  this  splendid  and  impressive  assembly  in 
which  all  of  our  countries  were  represented  nor  that  manifestation  of 
enthusiasm  of  the  nations  to  the  south  of  the  United  States  for  the 
generous  hospitality  which  this  great  people  and  their  Government  have 
shown  to  the  delegates;  and  the  noble  thoughts  of  President  Wilson  in 
his  address  of  the  6th  instant  which  have  permitted  us  to  feel  that 
American  fraternity  is  not  an  idle  dream  but  that  it  is,  on  the  contrary, 
the  basis  of  our  future,  and  that  we  should  carry  to  our  homes,  more  or 
less  distant,  the  warmth  of  the  lofty  and  virile  ideals  in  the  midst  of  which 
the  memorable  sessions  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 
were  held. 

Gentlemen,  I  drink  to  the  happiness  of  the  Americas,  to  the  diffusion 
of  public  instruction  in  the  humblest  of  American  homes,  and  to  that 
true  loyalty  which  must  ever  reign  in  the  relations  of  our  peoples  in  their 
dealings  with  each  other. 

Mr.  I/ansing  introduced  his  excellency  the  Bolivian  minister  in  these 
words : 

We  have  now  covered  Pan  America,  having  heard  from  the  three 
Americas.  I  think  it  is  therefore  fitting,  gentlemen,  that  we  should  offer 
this  toast  to  the  Presidents  of  the  Republics  which  are  represented  here  as 
our  guests.  The  next  gentleman  whom  I  shall  call  upon  to  address  us  is 
well  known  in  Washington,  for  he  has  served  his  country  here  for  twelve 
years.  He  is  a  man  whom  we  all  know,  whom  we  respect  and  whom 
we  love.     I  will  call  upon  the  minister  of  Bolivia  to  address  you. 

ADDRESS  OF   HIS    EXCELLENCY  SR.  IGNACIO  CALDERON. 

Having  fulfilled  our  mission,  we  meet  here  now,  around  this  hospitable 
board,  thanks  to  the  graciousneSs  of  his  excellency  the  Secretary  of  State 
and  the  distinguished  delegates  of  this  country,  not  to  say  good-by,  but 
simply,  au  revoir.  It  is  proper  that  in  words  of  cordiality  and  in  behalf  of 
the  delegations  of  the  sister  Republics  of  the  United  States,  I  fulfill  the 
agreeable  duty  of  expressing  our  deep  and  grateful  appreciation  for  the 
friendly  reception  given  us  by  the  Federal  authorities,  the  high  officials  of 
the  Government,  His  Excellency  President  Wilson,  and  the  distinguished 
Secretary  of  State.  Nothing  could  have  been  also  more  touching  and  grat- 
iiying  than  the  way  the  worthy  people  of  this  beautiful  Capital  have  taken 
us  into  their  hospitable  homes,  showing  us  every  kind  of  attention,  which 
will  remain  as  one  of  the  happiest  recollections  of  our  visit. 

It  is  not  in  a  spirit  of  invidious  satisfaction  that  we  are  proud  of  our 
democratic  institutions,  but  rather  under  a  solemn  sense  of  duty  and  re- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL-  137 

sponsibility  as  members  of  the  human  race  in  presence  of  the  greatest 
European  catastrophe,  that  by  its  renewed  horrors  makes  us  ponder 
whether  the  boast  of  progress  and  civilization  is  not  simply  a  veneer  of 
the  unconquered  savage. 

The  astronomers  who,  invading  the  limitless  space,  are  patiently  trying 
to  penetrate  the  mysteries  of  creation,  tell  us  that  in  the  perpetual  evolu- 
tion of  the  myriads  of  stars  there  is  a  constant  and  regular  process  by 
which  shapeless  nebulae  evolve  in  perhaps  millions  of  years  into  a  compact 
body,  like  our  planetary  system,  and  that  all  those  wonderful  and  marvel- 
ous transformations  take  place  as  orderly  and  regularly  as  day  follows 
night.  When  man  as  a  free  agent  chooses  to  submit  himself  to  the  moral 
laws  that  are  as  permanent  and  unchangeable  as  all  natural  laws,  the 
result  is  peace  and  harmony.  In  the  social  and  political  evolution  of  the 
nations,  democracy  is  the  supreme  expression  of  justice  and  right,  the 
fundamental  bases  for  peace  and  happiness. 

The  New  World  has  discarded  all  the  artificial  and  degrading  impo- 
sitions originated  in  times  when  the  self-respect  and  the  rights  of  man 
were  crushed  under  the  doctrine  of  the  divine  right  of  kings  and  the  crea- 
tion of  nobility,  supported  by  might  and  the  spoliation  of  the  many  for  the 
benefit  of  the  few.  America  has  reestablished  mankind  to  the  fullness 
of  its  rights. 

It  is  my  profound  conviction  that  our  progress  and  social  advance 
under  the  great  principles  of  justice,  equal  rights,  and  duties  for  all  is  pro- 
moting the  future  peace  of  the  world.  Civilization  and  progress  are  com- 
plex facts  and  the  result  of  coordinate  efforts  for  the  welfare  of  mankind 
inspired  in  rightfulness  and  sympathy.  We  live  in  a  time  when  the  truth 
that  the  advance  of  the  human  race  represents  the  sum  total  of  the 
well-being  of  one  and  every  nation  is  better  understood.  The  whole  trend 
of  our  civilization,  the  constant  mastery  of  the  great  elements  of  nature, 
the  increasing  output  of  manufacturing,  the  almost  obliteration  of  time 
and  space  by  the  use  of  steam  and  electricity  is  telling  us  that  no  nation 
can  grow  and  develop  only  within  itself;  that  the  universal  exchange 
of  thoughts,  of  the  products  of  industry,  and  the  expansion  of  capital  are 
as  necessary  to  the  world's  progress  as  food  for  the  human  body. 

Gentlemen,  this  congress  marks  an  epoch  in  the  relations  of  our  Repub- 
lics. It  met  in  a  historic  moment.  By  its  contributi6ns  to  the  store  of 
knowledge  it  has  earned  the  respect  of  the  men  of  science  and  by  its 
recognizing  the  great  principle  of  Pan  Americanism  has  taken  the  most 
forward  step  toward  the  solidarity  of  America.  The  President  in  his 
message  to  Congress  has  masterfully  expounded  the  meaning  of  that  great 
doctrine,  which  excludes  no  man,  threatens  no  country,  but  is  the  cul- 


138  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

mination  of  that  great  universal  yearning  for  freedom,  for  peace,  justice, 
and  amity. 

In  introducing  the  last  speaker  on  the  formal  program,  the  representa- 
tive of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace,  Mr.  Lansing 
said: 

Now,  gentlemen,  we  will  call  as  our  last  speaker  the  representative  of 
the  Carnegie  Peace  Endowment.  I  need  not  assure  you,  because  you  all 
know,  how  earnestly  and  how  zealously  he  has  worked  to  make  this 
congress  a  success. 

Pan  Americanism  in  its  last  analysis  is  peace,  and  nothing  could  be 
more  appropriate  than  one  should  speak  in  behalf  of  that  great  endowment 
founded  on  that  principle.  Therefore,  I  call  upon  Dr.  James  Brown 
Scott,  secretary  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment. 

ADDRESS  OF  DR.  JAMES  BROWN  SCOTT. 

Mr.  Toastmaster  and  Gentlemen :  In  the  few  words  that  I  shall  say 
to-night,  as  I  am  the  last  speaker  on  the  program  and  you  have  spoken 
for  the  past  ten  days  and  been  talked  to  constantly  both  in  public  and 
in  private,  I  shall  not 

(Dr.  Scott  was  here  invited  to  a  chair  at  the  center  of  the  table  by  the 
Toastmaster.) 

The  Secretary  of  State,  in  asking  me  to  the  center  of  the  table,  evi- 
dently felt  that  I  should  leave  out  the  introduction  I  was  attempting  to 
deliver  and  that  I  should  plunge  at  once  in  medias  res,  which  I  shall  pro- 
ceed to  do. 

I  assure  you  that  I  shall  make  but  a  very  slight  demand  upon  your 
time  and  that  I  shall  employ  the  few  minutes,  or  moments  rather,  at  my 
disposal,  in  expressing  the  feeling  of  gratitude  which  all  connected  with 
the  Carnegie  Endowment  have  for  the  kindness  and  courtesy  with  which 
we  have  been  treated  by  the  Governments  of  the  various  American 
Republics  and  by  the  delegates  and  by  the  good  people  of  Latin  America, 
who  were  kind  enough  to  accept  our  invitation  to  this  country  and  whom  I 
have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  before  me  to-night. 

In  the  first  place,  I  would  like  to  say  on  behalf  of  the  endowment  how 
grateful  we  are  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  who  instructed  the  diplomatic 
agents  of  the  United  States  to  extend  invitations  to  various  scholars, 
economists,  and  publicists  of  the  Americas,  in  order  that  they  might  be 
our  guests  at  the  Pan  American  Congress. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI..  1 39 

In  the  next  place,  I  beg  to  say  on  behalf  of  the  endowment  how  grateful 
we  likewise  are  to  the  ministers  of  foreign  affairs  of  the  American  countries 
for  the  very  great  aid  they  gave  us  in  our  endeavor  to  select  representa- 
tive scholars,  economists,  and  publicists  who  might  properly  claim  to 
represent  their  best  thought  and  achievement. 

And,  finally,  I  should  like  to  express  the  gratitude  that  the  authorities 
of  the  endowment  feel  toward  these  gentlemen  of  South  America  and  of 
Central  America  who  have  traveled  so  long  and  so  far  in  order  to  be  with 
us,  and  by  their  presence  to  add  not  merely  to  the  interest  but  to  the 
value  of  the  proceedings  of  this  congress. 

Without  attempting  in  any  way  to  belittle  this  great  gathering,  or  to 
minimize  its  labors,  let  me  say  that  a  congress  has  a  value  over  and  above 
anything  that  is  said  in  it,  anything  that  is  done  in  it,  anything  that  is 
decided  in  it.  I  do  not  suppose  that  we  have  advanced  or  pushed  very 
far  the  boundaries  of  human  knowledge.  That  is  not  the  purpose,  cer- 
tainly it  is  not  the  result,  of  a  congress.  A  congress  means  a  coming 
together.  It  means  a  getting  together.  It  means  an  exchange  of  ideas. 
It  means  a  comparison  of  methods.  It  means  a  persona<l  contact.  It 
means  intercourse.  It  means  laying  the  foundation  of  friendship.  It 
means  laying  the  foundation  of  future  cooperation. 

What  is  done  outside  of  the  program  is  often  more  valuable  than  that 
which  is  done  in  accordance  v/ith  the  program,  and  we  have  hoped  that, 
as  a  result  of  the  peoples  of  the  three  Americas  being  here,  living  together 
in  this  capital  city  of  our  country  for  the  space  of  ten  days,  engaging 
not  merely  in  scientific  discussion,  but  associating  with  one  another  on  a 
plane  where  all  are  equal,  meeting  in  our  houses,  and  thus  learning  to 
know  us  as  we  are,  that  they  may  go  back  to  their  homes  with  a  feeling 
of  kindliness,  with  a  feeling  that  they  know  us  better  than  they  did 
before,  and  that  upon  their  return  they  may  be,  as  it  were,  centers  of 
good  feeling,  which  Pan  Americanism  needs  in  order  to  be  effective. 

In  times  past  one  of  the  greatest  troubles  was — and  in  this  regard  it 
can  hardly  be  said  that  we  have  separated  ourselves  from  times  past — 
that  the  peoples  of  different  countries  were  strangers  and  that  the  word 
stranger  in  the  remote  past  was  very  much  akin  to  enemy.  The  peoples 
of  one  country  disliked  the  peoples  of  another  country,  largely  because 
they  did  not  know  them.  If  they  had  known  them  they  would  have 
found  under  the  surface  and  at  heart  that  they  were  very  much  like 
themselves,  and  in  coming  into  contact  with  them  and  in  knowing  them 
they  would  have  felt  themselves  inevitably  drawn  together.  To  the 
Greek  the  foreigner  was  a  barbarian;  to  the  Roman  the  foreigner  was  an 
enemy ;  and  so  it  has  been  almost  to  our  own  day. 


140  REPORT  OF  THB  SECRET ARYjceNERAL. 

Little  by  little,  however,  by  intercourse  and  by  personal  friendships, 
we  are  breaking  down  the  barriers  that  formerly  separated  us;  we  are 
learning  to  know  one  another;  we  are  seeing  that,  notwithstanding  out- 
ward differences,  our  i,deals  are  much  the  same,  and  that  in  the  stranger 
of  to-day  we  greet  a  possible  friend  of  the  morrow, 

I  can  not  escape,  Mr.  Toastmaster,  the  feeling  that  the  great  obstacle 
standing  in  the  way  of  the  better  relations  that  we  all  desire  is  the  fact 
that  we  do  not  come  together  and  that  we  do  not  meet  as  we  have  met 
in  the  last  ten  days  at  this  congress;  and  I  can  not  escape  the  feeling, 
indeed  the  firm  conviction,  that  as  the  result  of  this  congress,  as  the 
result  of  the  knowledge  of  one  another,  as  the  result  of  that  better  under- 
standing, the  foundations  of  friendship  have  been  laid;  that,  little  by 
little,  there  will  go  out  from  the  peoples  of  the  American  Republics  a 
desire  to  cultivate  still  closer  relations,  so  that,  unconsciously,  we  shall 
become  in  fact  the  friends  one  of  another.  And  in  closing  I  would  like 
to  repeat  that  the  greatest  result  of  this  conference  is  not  the  scientific 
discussions;  it  is  not  the  fact  that  we  have  added  even  in  a  remote  degree 
to  the  sum  total  of  htunan  knowledge;  but  that,  coming  together,  we 
have  laid  the  foundations  for  personal  friendship  and  for  loyal  and 
harmonious  cooperation. 

There  is  a  very  apt  French  expression  which  I  should  like  to  quote  and 
to  make  my  own,  for  it  expresses  in  some  four  or  five  words  all  that  I 
would  like  to  say,  more  than  I  have  said,  and  indeed  more,  I  believe, 
than  anyone  can  reasonably  hope  to  say  on  an  occasion  of  this  kind. 
The  expression  is  Tout  comprendre,  c'est  tout  pardonner — "to  know  is  to 
pardon" — to  understand  is  to  forget,  is  to  forgive;  and  I  am  quite  sure, 
gentlemen,  that  if  we  will  all  give  ourselves  the  trouble  to  understand 
each  other,  those  of  the  south  to  understand  their  brothers  of  the  north, 
and  those  of  the  north  to  understand  their  brothers  of  the  south,  there 
will  be  no  longer  misunderstandings  of  an  international  character  be- 
tween us,  and  that  we  shall  have  laid  the  foundations  for  a  permanent 
peace,  because  it  will  be  a  peace  bottomed  upon  understanding  and 
mutual  respect. 

ADDRESS  OF  SECRETARY  GENERAL  BARRETT. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Dr.  Scott's  address  the  presiding  officer  called 
for  impromptu  remarks  from  the  secretary  general,  who  took  this 
occasion  to  pay  tribute  to  the  cooperating  support  of  the  officials  of  the 
Department  of  State,  the  members  of  the  governing  board  of  the  Pan 
American  Union,   the  officers  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment,  and  the 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  14I 

staff  of  the  congress,  and  to  express  anew,  as  the  chief  admmistrative 
officer  of  the  congress,  his  profound  indebtedness  for,  and  corresponding 
appreciation  of,  the  services  of  all  who  had  given  cheerfully  at  all  times 
loyal,  faithful,  and  efficient  service  in  making  this  congress  a  successful 
Pan  American  gathering.  In  addressing  the  I^atin  American  delegates 
in  conclusion  Mr.  Barrett  said: 

I  have  only  one  word  more  to  say,  a  word  in  regret  that  the  necessary 
attention  that  I  have  been  obliged  to  give  to  the  administration  of  my 
work  has  not  permitted  me  to  come  into  closer  personal  contact  with 
this  splendid  body  of  men  who  have  come  here  from  all  over  Latin 
America.  There  is  no  man  living — there  are  numerous  men  living 
who  have  done  more  than  I  have  done — who  loves  Latin  America  and 
Latin  Americans  more  than  I  do,  and  I  regret  that  I  have  not  been  able 
to  do  more  personally  for  this  remarkable  personnel  that  has  come  here 
from  every  country  to  the  south  of  us. 

I  thank  you  all  on  behalf  of  the  organization  for  the  spirit  of  coopera- 
tion that  you  have  shown.  I  feel  to-night  probably  a  sense  of  elation 
that  perhaps  no  one  else  has  felt,  that  I  can  look  back  over  the 
fourteen  years  since  first  it  was  my  privilege  to  represent  the  people 
of  the  United  States  in  Latin  America,  including  the  nine  years  that 
I  have  been  the  executive  officer  of  the  Pan  American  Union — looking 
back  to  those  times  when,  year  after  year,  I  labored  in  behalf  of  Pan 
Americanism  and  was  ridiculed,  and  I  was  accused  of  advancing  myself 
because  I  loved  to  talk  of  the  countries  of  Latin  America.  I  well 
remember  the  time  that  if  I  ever  made  the  suggestion  that  a  country 
of  Latin  America  or  the  men  of  Latin  America  were  worthy  of  our  best 
attention  some  newspaper  editor  or  paragrapher  would  remind  the  country 
that  "  Barrett  is  talking  again."  I  ask,  therefore,  your  realization  of  the 
fact  that  although  I  talked  a  great  deal,  I  have  always  talked  for  that 
kind  of  Pan  Americanism  that  is  being  recognized  at  this  present  moment 
as  never  before. 

Gentlemen,  I  say  it  not  to  bring  credit  to  myself.  No.  And  so  I 
have  thought  that  whereas  great  credit  should  be  given  to  the  men  of 
the  United  States,  to  our  President,  to  our  Secretary  of  State,  and  to 
other  men  in  this  country  who  have  advanced  Pan  Americanism,  only 
perhaps  I  myself  know  the  really  unlimited  credit  that  should  be  given 
to  the  ambassadors  and  ministers  and  the  officers  of  the  various  Latin 
American  legations  who,  through  long  years,  in  every  way  have  labored 
for  the  advancement  of  the  practical  Pan  Americanism  that  we  are 
realizing  at  this  present  moment. 


143  RBPORT  OF  THB  SECRETARY  GENERAI.. 

And  so,  unexpectedly  called  upon  to-night  to  say  this  word,  I  con- 
gratulate you  of  Latin  America  with  the  fullness  of  my  heart  that  yon 
have  made  the  most  profound  impression  upon  this  Capital  and  upon  this 
Nation  that  has  ever  been  made  by  any  gathering  of  Latin  Americans 
in  the  history  of  the  Nation. 

I  thank  you. 

Toasts  were  proposed  during  the  course  of  the  banquet  to  the  Presi- 
dents of  the  twenty-one  Republics,  to  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  ladies  of  Pan  America.  There  was  further  pro- 
posed the  great  Pan  American  toast,  given  by  the  presiding  officer  on 
this  occasion  in  the  following  words : 

My  friends,  friendship  is  not  a  matter  of  mind  but  a  matter  of  the 
heart.  We  have,  I  believe,  all  of  us  an  affectionate  esteem  to-night 
for  one  another,  and  I  therefore  would  offer  you  as  a  toast  a  new  day  of 
Pan  America :  May  the  days  that  are  to  come  be  as  cloudless  as  they  seem 
to-night  and  may  they  endure  through  the  ages. 

The  presiding  host  then  pronounced  these  final  words : 
Now,  gentlemen,  it  remains  for  me  on  behalf  of  the  Government  and 
people  of  this  country  to  bid  you,  our  guests,  farewell  and  Godspeed. 

For  the  purpose  of  preservation  it  is  fitting  at  this  point  to  include 
the  following  concurrent  resolution  introduced  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  Thursday,  January  6,  by  Senator  John  Sharp  Williams 
of  Mississippi  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations: 

Resolved,  That  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  would  view  with 
pleasure  negotiations  on  the  part  of  the  President  with  Central  and 
South  American  countries  to  agree  upon  a  day  to  be  celebrated 
throughout  the  three  Americas  as  Pan  American  Day,  for  the 
purpose  of  memorializing  past  international  harmony  and  as  a 
practical  expression  of  the  hope  for  its  continuance  and  perpetuity. 

It  is  also  appropriate  to  include  for  the  same  reason  the  following  sub- 
mitted by  the  Minister  of  Venezuela : 

VIEWS  ON  THE  CONGRESS  OF  PANAMA. 
[From  an  tinpublished  manuscript  in  the  archives  of  the  liberatxjr,  Caracas.] 

The  congress  of  Panama  will  bring  together  all  the  representatives  of 
America  and  a  diplomatic  agent  of  His  Britannic  Majesty.  This  con- 
gress seems  to  be  destined  to  create  a  further-reaching,  more  extraor- 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  J  43 

dinary,  stronger  league  than  has  ever  been  formed  in  the  world.  The 
Holy  Alliance  will  be  less  powerful  than  this  confederation,  should  Eng- 
land be  willing  to  be  a  party  as  a  constituent  member.  Mankind  will 
bless  a  thousand  times  such  league  for  the  public  weal,  and  America  as 
well  as  Great  Britain  will  reap  its  benefits. 

The  relations  of  political  communities  would  obtain  a  code  of  public 
law  for  their  universal  rule  of  conduct. 

1.  The  New  World  would  be  formed  by  independent  nations  bound 
together  by  a  common  set  of  laws  which  would  fix  their  foreign  relations 
and  would  give  them  a  conservative  power  in  a  general  and  permanent 
congress. 

2.  The  existence  of  these  new  States  would  obtain  new  guaranties. 

3.  Spain  would  make  peace  through  respect  for  England,  and  the 
Holy  Alliance  would  recognize  these  new  rising  nations. 

4.  Internal  order  would  be  preserved  untouched,  both  among  and 
within  each  of  the  different  States. 

5.  No  one  would  be  weaker  than  the  other,  no  one  the  stronger. 

6.  A  perfect  balance  would  be  established  in  this  true  new  order  of 
things. 

7.  The  strength  of  all  would  come  to  the  aid  of  the  one  suffering  from 
a  foreign  enemy  or  anarchical  factions. 

8.  Difference  of  origin  and  color  would  lose  their  influence  and  power. 

9.  America  would  have  nothing  more  to  fear  from  that  awful  monster 
which  has  devoured  the  island  of  Santo  Domingo,  nor  would  there  be 
any  fear  of  the  preponderance  in  numbers  of  the  primitive  inhabitants. 

ID.  Social  reform,  in  short,  would  have  been  attained  under  the 
blessed  auspices  of  liberty  and  peace,  but  England  should  necessarily 
take  in  her  hands  the  beam  of  the  scales. 

Great  Britain  would  undoubtedly  attain  considerable  advantages 
through  this  arrangement. 

1.  Her  influence  in  Europe  would  progressively  increase  and  her  deci- 
sions will  be  like  those  of  destiny. 

2.  America  would  serve  her  as  a  wealthy  commercial  domain. 

3.  America  would  be  to  her  the  center  of  her  relations  between  Asia 
and  Europe. 

4.  English  subjects  would  be  considered  equal  to  the  citizens  of 
America . 

5.  The  mutual  relations  between  the  two  countries  in  time  would 
become  the  same. 

6.  British  characteristics  and  customs  would  be  taken  by  Americans 
as  standards  of  their  future  life. 

48192—17 10 


144  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

7.  In  the  advance  of  the  centuries,  there  would  be,  perhaps,  <  ne 
single  nation  covering  the  world — the  federal  nation. 

These  ideas  are  in  the  mind  01  some  Americans  of  the  most  prominent 
class;  they  are  awaiting  impatiently  the  initiation  of  this  project  in  the 
Panama  congress,  which  may  be  the  occasion  of  consolidating  the  union 
of  the  new  States  with  the  British  Empire. 

(Lima,  February.  1826.) 

BoUvAR. 

SOCIAL  PROGRAM. 

Reference  has  been  made  to  the  appointment  of  official  committees 
in  New  York,  New  Orleans,  and  Washington  for  the  reception  of  the  dis- 
tinguished delegates  from  Latin  America  and  members  of  their  families 
on  their  arri\'al  in  these  cities.  Numerous  courteous  attentions  were 
shown  the  guests  of  this  country  by  those  designated  to  represent  the 
United  States,  or  detailed  for  such  hospitable  services  on  this  occasion. 
Singly  and  in  groups  the  members  of  the  congress  from  the  Latin  Amer- 
ican countries  began  to  arrive  in  Washington  about  ten  days  before  the 
date  of  the  official  opening.  The  official  delegation  from  Argentina, 
with  Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada  as  chainnan,  was  one  of  the  earliest  to 
arrive.  The  larger  part,  however,  of  the  delegates  arriving  by  way  of 
New  York  remained  in  that  city  until  Sunday,  December  26,  and  were 
carried  to  Washington  by  special  train  on  the  afternoon  of  that  day. 
The  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace  assisted  as  host  on 
this  occasion,  in  line  with  a  generous  policy  of  entertainment  befitting 
a  congress  of  this  magnitude  and  worthy  of  these  eminent  Latin 
Americans,  many  of  whom  had  been  invited  by  the  Endowment  to  be 
its  guests  while  in  attendance  at  this  international  gathering.  The 
Endowment's  three  divisions,  international  law,  education  and  inter- 
course, and  economics  and  history,  shared  in  this  hospitality  through 
their  respective  directors,  Dr.  James  Brown  Scott,  secretary  of  the 
Endowment,  President  Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  Columbia  University, 
and  Dr.  John  Bates  Clark,  professor  of  political  economy  Columbia 
University.  They  were  assisted  in  the  details  of  entertainment  by  Dr.  S. 
N.  D.  North  and  George  Finch,  of  the  Endowment,  and  by  Dr.  Peter 
H.  Goldsmith,  and  Henry  S.  Haskell,  director  and  assistant  director 
of  the  Pan  American  division  of  the  American  Association  for  Interna- 
tional Conciliation.  The  arrangements  for  social  entertainment  in  Wash- 
ington were  carefully  planned  and  carried  out  with  the  dispatch  and 
propriety  consonant  with  such  a  gathering.  The  Department  of  State 
detailed  Maddin  Summers,  Stedman  Hanks,  and  Charles  Lee  Cooke 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERA!,.  1 45 

to  perfect  and  execute  these  plans,  the  success  of  which  was  due  in  a  large 
measure  to  their  efficient  labors.  The  lady  and  gentleman  aides  appointed 
by  the  Department  of  State  and  assigned  to  official  delegations  during 
their  stay  in  Washington  were  tireless  and  unremitting  in  their  zeal. 

The  social  arrangements  included  entertainments  of  a  highly  varied 
character.  The  following  social  program  gives  by  days  a  hst  of  all  social 
functions  of  general  and  private  character.  These  entertainments 
included  breakfasts,  luncheons,  teas,  dinners,  banquets,  receptions, 
theater  parties,  and  special  visits  to  the  historic  places  in  and  about 
Washington.  Individual  invitations  were  issued  for  all  social  enter- 
tainments. 

SUNDAY,  DECEMBER  26. 

Reception  tendered  the  Latin  American  delegates  at  the  New  Willard 
Hotel  by  the  official  delegation  of  the  United  States. 

Reception  tendered  the  members  of  the  families  of  the  Latin  Ameri- 
can delegates  at  the  New  Willard  by  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Committee. 

MONDAY,  DECEMBER  27. 

Formal  opening  meeting  at  Memorial  Continental  Hall,  D.  A.  R. 
Building,  Seventeenth  and  D  Streets,  directly  north  of  the  Pan  American 
Union  Building  at  10  a.  m. 

Reception  tendered  by  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  United  States 
delegation  to  the  members  of  the  congress  and  invited  guests  at  the  Pan 
American  Union  at  9  p.  m.  The  following  is  the  form  of  invitation  ex- 
tended for  the  reception  at  the  Pan  American  Union : 

In  honor  of 

The  Delegates  to  the  Second 

Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 

The  Secretary  of  State  and  the  United  States  Delegation 

request  the  pleasure  of  your  company 

at  a  Reception  in 

the  Pan  American  Building 

on  Monday  evening,  December  the  twenty-seventh 

at  nine  o'clock. 

This  brilliant  reception  in  honor  of  the  delegates  and  their  families 
inaugurated  the  social  program  of  the  congress.  The  distinguished 
guests  were  received  in  the  Hall  of  the  Americas  by  the  Secretary  of 
State  and  Mrs.  Lansing  and  Judge  George  Gray  of  Delaware,  chair- 


146  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

man  of  the  official  delegation  of  the  United  States.  Members  of  the 
United  States  Cabinet,  the  Supreme  Court,  both  bodies  of  Congress, 
and  other  branches  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  were 
represented  in  the  long  line  of  resident  guests  invited  to  meet  the 
delegates  from  Latin  America  and  their  families.  The  handsome  build- 
ing of  the  Pan  American  Union  was  appropriately  and  beautifully 
decorated.  The  Marine  Band  gave  an  excellent  program  of  international 
airs.     A  buffet  supper  was  served. 

TUESDAY,  DECEMBER  28. 

Luncheon  tendered  by  the  Secretary  of  State  to  the  members  of  the 
official  delegations  at  the  residence  of  the  Secretary,  1323  Eighteenth 
vStreet. 

A  reception  arranged  specially  in  honor  of  the  women  of  the  Auxiliary 
Conference  was  tendered  by  Mrs.  Robert  Lansing,  4.30  p.  m.  at  Memo- 
rial Continental  Hall. 

Hosts  for  private  dinners  were : 

Senator  and  Mrs.  James  W.  Wadsworth,  800  Sixteenth  Street. 

Assistant  Secretar>'  of  State  and  Mrs.  William  Phillips,  1535  L  Street. 

Governor  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  and  !Mrs.  Charles  S.  Hamlin, 
1 51 5  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Madame  Hauge,  2349  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Mrs.  Sami'Kl  Spencer,  2012  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Mrs.  JoHX  B.  Henderson,  Sixteenth  Street  and  Florida  Avenue. 

Commissioner  of  Patents  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Ewing,  1607  H  Street. 

Reception  tendered  by  Mrs.  Robert  W.  Patterson,  15  Dupont  Circle, 
at  9.30  p.  ni. 

The  members  of  Section  IX  were  guests  of  the  American  Economic 
Association  and  American  Historical  Association  at  a  joint  meeting  at 
8  p.  m. 

WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  29. 

Luncheon  tendered  by  the  Secretary  of  State  in  honor  of  the  members 
of  the  official  delegations  at  the  residence  of  the  Secretary,  1323  Eigh- 
teenth Street. 

Mrs.  Robert  Lansing  received  in  honor  of  the  wives  of  the  Latin 
A.merican  delegates  and  other  lady  members  of  their  families  from  5  to 
7  p.  m.  at  her  home  1323  Eighteenth  Street. 

Reception  in  honor  of  Latin  American  medical  men,  members  of  the 
congress,  from  5  to  7. 

Hosts  for  private  dinners  were : 


rp:port  of  the  shcretarv  general.  147 

Senator  and  Mrs.  James  W.  Wadsworth,  800  Sixteenth  Street. 

Mrs.  Truxton  BealE,  28  Lafayette  Square. 

Reception  tendered  by  the  R.egents  and  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  to  the  members  of  the  congress  and  invited  guests  at  the 
National  Museum,  Tenth  and  B  Streets,  from  8.30  to  1 1  p.  m. 

THURSDAY,  DECEMBER  30. 

Luncheon  given  by  Dr.  Nicholas  Murray  Butler  at  the  Metropolitan 
Club. 

Reception  by  the  president  of  the  congress,  his  excellency  the  Ambassa- 
dor of  Chile,  Sefior  Don  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  for  the  official  delegates 
at  the  embassy,  1013  Sixteenth  Street,  from  4.30  to  7  o'clock. 

Inspection  of  Washington  post  office,  6  to  9  p.  m. 

Hosts  for  private  dinners  were : 

The  American  Society  of  International  La\^ ,  Shoreham  Hotel,  at  7 
o'clock. 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy  and  Mrs.  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt, 
1733  N  Street. 

Assistant  Secretary  of  State  and  Mrs.  William  Phillips,  1535  L  Street. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hennen  Jennings,  2221  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  Mrs.  Andrew  J.  PETERS, 
Woodley  Lane. 

Mrs.  John  B.  Henderson,  Sixteenth  Street  and  Florida  Avenue. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Spencer,  2012  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Hon.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  B.  Dunn,  1527  K  Street. 

Reception  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  T.  Gaef,  at  lo  p.  m.,  1520 
Twentieth  Street. 

Section  IX  of  the  congress  and  the  American  Kcononnc  Association 
gave  a  smoker  at  8.30  p.  m. 

FRIDAY,  DECEMBER  31. 

Hosts  for  private  hmcheons  were : 

Mrs.  A.  Garrison  McClintock,  1227  Nineteenth  vStreet. 

Mrs.  E.  W.  Cole,  New  Willard  Hotel. 

A  gala  performance  of  the  musical  play  Sybil  by  Max  Body  and  Frank 
Martos,  with  Julia  Sanderson,  Donald  Brian,  and  Joseph  Cawthorn  in  the 
stellar  roles,  was  given  in  honor  of  the  Latin  American  delegates  to  the 
Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  at  the  New  National  Theater. 

Following  this  performance  the  delegates  and  members  of  their  families 
obser\'ed  the  passing  of  the  old  year  and  the  birth  of  the  new  in  one  of  the 


148  REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

large  dining  rooms  of  the  New  Willard.     Supper  was  ser\  ed  shortly  after 

11  o'clock,  and  one  minute  before  midnight  taps  were  sounded  by  a 
bugler  in  the  band  stand.  All  lights  in  the  room  were  turned  ofif,  fol- 
lowed by  the  striking  of  a  large  navy  bell  twelve  times.  An  electric  sign 
containing  the  words  "Happy  New  Year"  was  uncovered  and  the  lights 
turned  on.  The  band  played  Auld  Lang  Syne,  and  as  the  assembled 
guests  stood  they  exchanged  toasts  and  greetings  among  themselves, 
many  of  them  singing  the  familial  lines.  The  scene  was  one  of  carnival 
spirit,  paper  hats,  confetti,  etc.,  having  been  passed  around.  There  was 
dancing  afterwards  in  the  ball  rooms  of  the  New  Willard. 

Two  exhibitions  of  considerable  interest  to  the  delegates  of  the  con- 
gress were  open  for  their  inspection.  The  National  Geographic  Society, 
through  the  courtesy  of  its  executive  officer,  Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor, 
displayed  in  Hubbard  Memorial  Hall,  Sixteenth  and  M  Streets,  a  special 
exhibition  of  photographs,  covering  the  most  interesting  phases  of  the 
explorations  of  the  National  Geographic  Society  and  Yale  University 
which  were  made  by  their  joint  exploration  of  the  highlands  of  Peru. 
Attendants  were  on  hand  to  direct  the  visitors  and  to  furnish  them  cata- 
logues. The  Bureau  of  Commercial  Economics  displayed  continually 
throughout  the  sessions  of  the  Scientific  Congress  in  the  New  Willard 
Hotel,  films  of  motion  pictures  which  showed  graphically  how  things  of 
common  use  are  made,  and  from  what  sources  the  raw  material  is  pro- 
duced. 

SATURDAY,  JANUARY  1. 

Host  for  breakfast:  Mr.  Chari^es  Henry  ButlEr,  1535  Eye  Street,  at 

12  o'clock. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edson  Bradley  were  at  home,  1328  Connecticut  Avenue, 
to  the  delegates  of  the  congress  with  their  families  and  invited  guests 
from  3.30  to  7  p.  m. 

Reception  tendered  by  the  president  and  officers  of  the  Cosmos  Club, 
Madison  Place  and  H  Street,  to  the  members  (men)  of  the  congress  from 
3  to  6  p.  m. 

Hosts  for  dinners  were: 

Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  William  Phillips,  1535  L  Street. 

Mr.  Frederick  C.  Delano,  1128  Sixteenth  Street. 

Mrs.  Francois  B.  Moran,  2315  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Reception  by  the  governing  board  of  the  Pan  American  Union  to  the 
members  of  the  congress  and  invited  guests  in  the  Pan  American  Building, 
Seventeenth  and  B  Streets,  at  9  p.  m. 


REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  I 49 

The  following  card  of  invitation  was  presented  for  the  reception  at  the 
Pan  American  Union : 

To  meet 

The  Delegates  to  the  Second 

Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 

The  Governing  Board  of  the  Pan  American  Union 

requests  the  pleasure  of  your  company  at 

a  Reception  in  the  Pan  American  Building 

on  Saturday  evening,  January  the  first 

at  nine  o'clock 

This  reception  was  singularly  beautiful  and  appropriate.  The  purpose 
and  aim  of  the  Union  permitted  an  arrangement  which  heightened  the 
Pan  American  character  of  the  Congress  and  the  large  international 
assemblage.  The  guests  were  received  by  their  excellencies  the  ambas- 
sador of  Brazil  and  Mme.  da  Gama,  the  minister  of  Cuba  and  Mme.  de 
C^spedes,  and  the  minister  of  El  Salvador  and  Mme.  de  Zaldivar.  The 
receiving  hosts  stood  at  the  head  of  the  grand  stairway  leading  into  the 
Hall  of  the  Americas.  The  Marine  Band,  stationed  in  this  hall,  played 
beautiful  dance  and  promenade  music  throughout  the  evening.  vSuppei 
was  served  in  the  rooms  adjoining  the  patio. 

SUNDAY,  JANUARY  2. 

Celebration  of  high  mass  at  St.  Patrick's  and  s]iecial  sennons  of  a  Pan 
American  character  in  other  large  churches  of  Washington. 

At  2.30  the  delegates  and  members  of  their  families  were  carried. in 
automobiles,  starting  from  the  New  Willard  Plotel,  for  a  drive  through 
Rock  Creek  Park,  the  Zoological  Gardens.  Arlington,  and  Chevy  Chase. 

MONDAY,  JANUARY  3. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  reconvened  after  the  Christmas 
recess  on  Monday,  January  3,  and  was  in  session  every  day  thereafter 
from  12  o'clock  noon  until  half-past  4.  The  members  of  the  congress,  on 
appHcation  to  the  secretary  general,  were  given  cards  to  the  marshal, 
which  facilitated  their  obtaining  seats  in  the  courtroom. 

Musicaie  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Frank  L.  Polk,  2622  Sixteenth  Street,  in 
honor  of  the  wives  of  the  foreign  delegates,  from  4  to  7  p.  m. 

Hosts  for  private  dinners  were : 

Governor  ot  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  and  Mrs.  Charles  S.  Hamlin, 
151 5  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  J.  Bell,  1327  Connecticut  Avenue. 


150  REPORT   OF   THE   vSECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Mr.  Henry  White,  1624  Crescent  Place. 

Assistant  Secretary  of  State  and  Mrs.  Wiluam  Phillips,  1535  L  Street. 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  Mrs.  Andrew  J.  Peters, 
Woodley  Lane. 

Reception  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hennen  Jennings,  2221  Massachusetts 
Avenue,  at  9  p.  m. 

The  members  of  the  congress  were  the  guests  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  at  I\Ieniorial  Continental  Hall, 
Seventeenth  and  D  Streets,  at  8  p.  m. 

The  officers  and  members  of  the  congress  were  cordially  invated  to 
witness  aeroplane  flights  of  Senor  Juan  Domenjoz  on  the  White  Lot  in 
front  of  the  Pan  American  Union  Building  at  2.30  o'clock.  Mi".  Domenjoz, 
well  known  throughout  Latin  America,  has  given  exhibitions  before 
King  Alfonso  of  Spain  and  King  Albert  of  Belgium. 

Delegates  and  visitors  were  invited  to  visit  the  office  of  Home  Eco- 
nomics of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  on  Monday  and 
Tuesday  between  3.30  and  4.30  p.  m.,  where  a  special  exhibit  had  been 
prepared  for  those  interested  in  food,  textiles,  and  various  household 
topics,  in  order  that  they  might  be  given  an  opportunity  to  learn  of  the 
work  and  publications  of  this  office  along  these  lines. 

TUESDAY,  JANUARY  4. 

Mrs.  Gibson  Fahnestock  was  at  home,  231 1  Massachusetts  Avenue, 
in  honor  of  the  wives  of  the  delegates  from  4  to  7  o'clock. 

Hosts  for  private  dinners  were: 

The  Charge  d' Affaires  oi  Argentina,  M.  Frederico  M.  Quintan  a. 

Mrs.  Delos  a.  BlodgEiT,  1500  Sixteenth  vStreet. 

Reception  by  the  trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Institution  <u  Washington  to 
the  members  of  the  congrt^is  and  invited  guests  at  9  p.  in.,  Sixteenth  and 
P  Streets. 

The  following  form  of  invitation  was  presented  for  the  reception  at 
the  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington: 

To  meet  Members  of  the 

Second  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress 

The  Trustees  of  the 

Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington 

request  the  honor  of  your  presence 

at  a  reception  in  the 

Administration  Building,  Sixteenth  and  P  Streets 

on  the  evening  of  Tuesday  the  fourth  of  January 

at  nine  o'clock 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  15I 

WEDNESDAY,  JANUARY  5. 

Special  drill  at  Fort  Myer,  Va.,  in  honor  of  the  delegates  to  the  con- 
gress and  their  families  at  2.30  p.  m.  This  drill  was  tendered  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  and  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Fifth  United  States 
Cavalry,  and  was  witnessed  by  a  large  number  of  delegates,  who  were 
carried  in  automobiles  for  this  occasion  to  Fort  Myer.  Invitations  were 
also  extended  to  Cabinet  members  and  the  diplomatic  representatives 
and  other  prominent  officials  in  Washington. 

The  drill  was  reviewed  by  Col.  Wilder  and  a  large  staff  of  officers. 

Particularly  interesting  to  the  guests  were  the  bareback  drill  of  Troop 
K,  in  command  of  I/ieut.  Homer  M.  Groninger;  the  cossack  drill  of 
Troop  M,  in  command  of  Capt.  W.  D.  Forsyth;  the  saddle  drill  by  Troop 

E,  in  command  of  Capt.  Robert  M.  Baron;  the  battery  drill  of  Battery 

F,  Third  United  States  Field  Artillery,  in  command  of  Lieut.  Bethel  W. 
Simpson;  and  the  jumping  contest,  in  command  of  Lieut.  Sloan  Doak. 
The  Fifth  Cavalry  Band  played  throughout  the  entire  drill. 

Other  social  affairs  were : 

Reception  tendered  by  the  Secretary  of  War  and  Mrs.  Garrison  to  the 
official  delegates  of  the  congress  and  their  families  at  1 830  Connecticut 
Avenue,  from  5  to  7  p.  m. 

Dinner  tendered  by  the  president  of  the  congress,  his  excellency  the 
ambassador  of  Chile,  Senor  Don  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  at  the  em- 
bassy, 1 01 3  Sixteenth  Street. 

Host  for  dinner  was : 

Mr.  Paul  M.  Warburg,  1704  Eighteenth  Street. 

Dr.  John  A.  Brashear  gave  an  address  entitled  "An  Evening's  Jour- 
ney Among  the  Stars,"  including  many  slides  from  South  America,  at 
Memorial  Continental  Hall,  at  8.15  p.  m. 

The  Spanish  American  Athenaeum  presented  the  Spanish  comedy 
Zaragiieta  in  two  acts,  by  Carrion  and  Vital  Aza,  in  honor  of  the  dele- 
gates, at  Carroll  Hall,  at  8  p.  m. 

THURSDAY,  JANUARY  6. 

Special  electric  trains  carried  the  delegates  of  the  congress  and  mem- 
bers of  their  families  over  the  Washington  &  Virginia  Railroad  at  2  p.  m. 
to  the  historic  home  of  the  first  President  of  the  United  vStates,  George 
Washington,  at  Mount  Vemon. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  addressed  the  members  of  the 
congress  in  formal  session  at  Memorial  Continental  Hall  at  9  p.  m. 


152  REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

FRIDAY,  JANUARY  7. 

Luncheon  tendered  in  honor  of  the  Latin  American  delegates  and  their 
wives  by  Mrs.  Henry  F.  Dimock,  1301  Sixteenth  Street,  at  i  o'clock. 

A  reception  at  the  Congressional  Club,  comer  of  New  Hampshire 
Avenue  and  U  Street,  in  honor  of  the  wives  of  the  delegates  of  the  con- 
gress, from  3  to  6  o'clock. 

The  President  recei\'ed  the  delegates  to  the  congress  at  the  White 
House  at  9.30  p.  m. 

The  Pan  American  reception  given  by  the  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
at  the  White  House  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  functions  ever 
celebrated  in  Washington.  The  President  with  Mrs.  Wilson  and  the 
ladies  of  the  Cabinet  formed  the  receiving  line.  Behind  them  were 
the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  their  wives  and  other  promi- 
nent Government  officials.  The  entire  Latin  American  diplomatic  corps 
and  all  of  the  Latin  American  delegates  to  the  Second  Pan  Ameri- 
can Scientific  Congress  were  present  and  formed  the  first  group  to  be 
greeted  by  the  President  and  his  wife.  As  the  line  passed  the 
President  it  was  headed  by  the  ambassador  of  Brazil  and  Madame  da 
Gama,  accompanied  by  the  staff  of  the  embassy  and  the  delegation  to 
the  congress  from  Brazil.  Then  came  the  ambassador  of  Chile  and  Ma- 
dame de  SuAREz  MujiCA,  accompanied  by  the  staff  of  the  embassy  and 
delegation.  Then  followed  the  ministers  in  the  order  of  their  rank, 
accompanied  by  their  staffs  and  delegations.  William  Phillips,  chair- 
man of  the  executive  committee  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  John 
Barrett,  secretary  general  of  the  congress,  and  Boas  Long,  chief  of 
the  diplomatic  aides,  aided  in  the  presentation  of  the  delegates  to  the 
President  and  Mrs.  Wilson. 

The  occasion  was  made  specially  brilliant    by  the  presence  of  the 

diplomatic  corps  and   the   large   number  of   Army  and   Navy  officers 

in  full  uniform.     Music  was  provided  by  the  Marine  Band,  under  the 

direction  of  Capt.  Santelmann.     Supper  was  served  in  the  state  dining 

room. 

SATURDAY,  JANUARY  8. 

Reception  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Marshall  Field,  2600  Sixteenth 
Street,  in  honor  of  the  Latin  American  delegates  to  the  congress  and 
their  families  from  4.30  to  6  p.  m. 

Banquet  tendered  by  the  United  States  delegation  in  honor  of  the 
visiting  delegates  at  the  New  Willard  Hotel  at  7.30  p.  m. 

SUNDAY,  JANUARY  9. 
Luncheon  tendered  by  the  chairman  of   the  Argentine  delegation, 
Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada,  at  the  New  Willard  Hotel,  at  i  o'clock. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  153 

SPECIAL  VISITS. 

Special  trips  were  arranged  for  the  delegates  and  their  families  to 
visit  the  following  places: 

The  Carnegie  Institution,  Sixteenth  and  P  Streets. 

National  Geographic  Society,  Sixteenth  and  M  Streets. 

Bureau  of  Standards,  Connecticut  Avenue  and  Pierce  Mill  Road.  Car- 
negie Institution,  Department  of  Terrestrial  Magnetism,  Thirty-sixth 
Street  and  Broad  Branch  Road.  Carnege  Institution,  Geophysical 
Laboratory,  Upton  Street. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Tenth  and  B  Streets.  National  Museum, 
Tenth  and  B  Streets.     Army  Medical  Museum,  Seventh  and  B  Streets. 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing,  Fourteenth  and  B  Streets. 
Cotton  Standardization  Laboratory,  Office  of  Markets,  Department  of 
Agriculture,  1358  D  Street  SW. 

Experimental  Farm,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Beltsville,  Md. 

Arlington  Experimental  Farm,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Arlington, 
Va.  Arlington  Laboratory,  Office  of  Public  Roads  and  Rural  Engineer- 
ing, Department  of  Agriculture,  Arlington,  Va. 

Experiment  Station,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Bethesda,  Md. 

United  States  Patent  Office,  Seventh  and  F  Streets  NW. 

United  States  Weather  Bureau,  Twenty-fourth  and  M  Streets  NW. 

Naval  Observatory,  2515  Wisconsin  Avenue  NW. 

Washington  Navy  Yard,  foot  of  Eighth  Street  SE. 

Hygienic  Laboratory,  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  Twenty- 
fifth  and  E  Streets  NW. 

The  Library  of  Congress. 

The  Washington  Monument,  the  Mall. 

Washington  Barracks,  foot  of  Four  and  one-half  Street  SE. 

The  Women's  Evening  Clinic  Auxiliary,  720  Thirteenth  Street. 

The  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Society  of  Washington,  2506  K 
Street  NW. 

Geological  Survey,  F  Street,  between  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
Streets. 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  New  Jersey  Avenue  and  B  Street  SE. 

Fish  Commission,  Sixth  and  B  Streets  SW. 

Bureau  of  Chemistry,  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Bureau  of  Soils,  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Astrophysical  Observatory,  Smithsonian  Institution. 


154  REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

THE  TOUR. 

A  delightful  feature  of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress 
was  the  tour  to  the  cities  of  Baltimore.  Philadelphia,  Princeton,  New  York, 
New  Haven  and  Boston,  organized  under  the  auspices  of  the  Department 
of  State  in  cooperation  with  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 
Peace  and  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  Special  points 
of  interest  in  the  various  cities  visited  were  the  colleges  and  universities, 
museums,  and  libraries,  and  industrial  and  commercial  plants  and  insti- 
tutions. The  dignity  of  the  occasion  and  the  international  reputation 
of  the  members  of  this  tour  induced,  on  the  part  of  corporations,  societies, 
and  private  individuals,  a  generous  hospitality  in  the  way  of  entertain- 
ment. 

The  tour  began  Monday  morning,  January  lo,  in  Washington  and 
ended  Sunday,  January  i6,  on  the  arrival  oi  the  special  train  in  New 
York  City  at  10.04  P-  ^-  ^^e  tour  was  directly  managed  by  the  sec- 
retary general  of  the  congress,  John  Barrett,  director  general  of  the 
Pan  American  Union,  assisted  by  Messrs.  Boas  W.  Long,  United  States 
minister  to  Salvador,  Maddin  Summers,  United  States  consul  at  Sao 
Paulo,  Brazil,  and  Stedman  Hanks,  of  the  Department  of  State.  The 
following  delegation  aides  accompanied  the  party:  Mrs.  Teresa  Long 
Anderson,  Miss  Aurora  Lucero,  and  Perry  Belden,  J.  M.  Coronado, 
John  Heath.  Samuel  W.  Honaker,  Mahlon  C.  Martin,  jr.,  John  Randolph, 
and  Henry  P.  Starrett.  Dr.  Peter  H.  Goldsmith  was  the  tour  represent- 
ative of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace.  L.  M.  Snow- 
den,  of  the  Department  of  State,  acted  as  the  financial  agent  and 
disbursing  officer.  Miss  Blanche  Mundell  and  John  S.  Tunstall  served 
as  stenographers.  Ralph  E.  Towle,  Spencer  B.  Greene,  and  E.  B.  Cotton 
were  in  charge  of  the  tour  for  the  American  Express  Co. 

The  following  is  a  formal  program  statement  of  the  itinerary  and 
entertainment : 

ITINERARY. 

MONDAY,  JANUARY  10. 

Leave  Washington,  Union  Station,  10  a.  ni.,  via  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  Arrive  Camden  Station,  Baltimore,  10.55  a.  m.  Leave  Bal- 
timore 6  p.  ra.  Arrive  Philadelphia,  Twenty-fourth  Street  Station, 
8.19  p.  m.     Dinner  on  train.     Transfer  to  Hotel  Bellevue-Stratford 

TUESDAY,  JANUARY  11. 
In  Philadelphia,  Hotel  Bellevue-Stratford. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL,.  1 55 

WEDNESDAY,  JANUARY  12. 

Leave  Philadelphia  via  Pennsylvania  Railroad  at  10.30  a.  m.  Arrive 
Princeton  11.52  a.  m.  Leave  Princeton  2.30  p.  m.  Arrive  New  York 
3.54  p.  m.     Proceed  to  Hotel  Waldorf-Astoria.  « 

THURSDAY,  JANUARY  13. 

In  New  York  City,  Hotel  Waldorf-Astoria. 

FRIDAY,  JANUARY  14. 

Leave  New  York  10.03  9-  ^-i  via  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad.  Arrive  New  Haven  11.59  a.  m.  Leave  New  Haven 
4.54  p.  m.  Dinner  on  train.  Arrive  Boston  8.43  p.  m.  Proceed  to 
Copley-Plaza  Hotel. 

SATURDAY,  JANUARY  IS. 

In  Boston,  Copley-Plaza  Hotel. 

SUNDAY,  JANUARY  16. 

Leave  Boston  4  p.  m.,  via  Boston  &  Albany  Railway.  Dinner  on  train. 
Arrive  New  York  10.04  p.  m. 

ENTERTAINMENT  PROGRAM. 
MONDAY,  JANUARY  10. 

The  Board  of  Trade  of  Baltimore  will  offer  the  visiting  delegates  a 
luncheon  at  the  Hotel  Emerson. 

In  the  afternoon  automobile  trips  will  be  made  to  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity and  other  points  of  interest. 

TUESDAY,  JANUARY  11. 

The  mayor  of  Philadelphia  and  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  will  ofifer  a 
luncheon  to  the  visitors  at  the  Hotel  Bellevue-Stratford. 

Automobile  trips  will  be  made  in  the  morning  and  the  afternoon  to 
Independence  Hall,  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  other  points  of 
interest. 

In  the  evening  the  delegates  will  be  invited  to  the  opera  by  the  mayor 
of  the  city. 

A  buffet  supper  will  be  given  afterwards  at  the  Bellevue-Stratford  by 
the  mayor. 


156  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAI,. 

WEDNESDAY,  JANUARY  12. 

The  delegates  will  be  entertained  at  informal  lunch  in  Proctor  Hall, 
Graduate  College,  by  the  president  and  faculty  of  Princeton  University. 

The  Pan  American  Society  of  the  United  States  will  offer  a  banquet  to 
the  delegates  at  the  Hotel  Waldorf-Astoria,  New  York  City,  at  7  o'clock 
in  the  evening.  It  is  desired  that  everybody  make  a  special  effort  to 
be  on  hand  at  the  appointed  hour.  The  mayor  of  New  York  will  be 
present  and  welcome  the  guests. 

THURSDAY,  JANUARY  13. 

Automobile  excursions  in  the  morning  to  points  of  interest  in  New  York 
City. 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  will  offer  a  luncheon  to  the 
delegates  at  12.15  p.  m. 

In  the  afternoon  a  visit  will  be  made  to  Columbia  University. 

At  4  o'clock  there  will  be  exercises  in  the  Horace  Mann  School  Audi- 
torium. 

In  the  evening  a  reception  will  be  given  by  President  Butler  at  his 
residence. 

FRIDAY,  JANUARY  14. 

The  president  and  faculty  of  Yale  University  will  entertain  the  visitors 
at  lunch  at  New  Haven  and  show  them  the  university  buildings. 

SATURDAY,  JANUARY  15. 

In  Boston:  Visit  to  Harvard  University,  Public  Library,  State  Capitol, 
and  other  points  of  interest. 

SUNDAY,  JANUARY  16. 

In  Boston:  Visiting  various  places  and  points  of  interest  in  the  city 
during  the  morning  and  leaving  for  New  York  at  4  p.  m. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  TOUR. 
MONDAY,  JANUARY  10,  1916. 

The  details  of  the  tour  as  far  as  possible  are  given  below : 
The  members  of  the  tour  were  carried  in  taxicabs  from  their  hotels  and 
homes  to  the  Union  Station.  They  were  received  at  the  station  by  the 
United  States  delegation.  The  chairman  of  the  executive  committee, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State  William  Phillips,  was  attended  by  Capt. 
Powell  Clayton,  United  States  Army,  military  aide,  and  Lieut.  Rufus 
King,  United  States  Navy,  naval  aide.  The  latter  were  in  full-dress 
uniform  as  a  mark  of  honor  on  the  part  of  this  Government  to  its  distin- 
guished visitors.  The  Latin  American  diplomatic  corps  and  prominent 
Washingtonians,  including  representatives  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment 
for  International  Peace  and  various  bureaus  of  Government,  were  also 
present  to  bid  farewell  to  the  Latin  Americans.  The  party  left  over  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  at  lo  a.  m.  in  a  special  parlor-car  train  of  nine 
coaches.  This  train  was  met  in  Baltimore  by  a  prominent  committee, 
including  a  number  of  municipal  officials.  On  alighting  from  the  train  at 
the  Mount  Royal  Station,  the  members  of  the  party  were  taken  for  a 
drive  in  taxicabs  through  Druid  Hill  Park,  returning  through  the  center 
of  the  city  to  the  City  Hall,  where  they  were  received  by  Acting  Mayor 
John  Hubert.  Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada,  chairman  of  the  delegation  from 
Argentina,  responded  for  the  delegates  to  Mayor  Hubert's  address  of 
welcome  to  the  city  of  Baltimore.  From  the  City  Hall  the  party  was  car- 
ried to  the  Hotel  Emerson,  where  a  luncheon  was  tendered  at  12.30  by  the 
Baltimore  Board  of  Trade.  On  arrival  at  the  Hotel  Emerson  the  party 
was  greeted  by  a  reception  committee  of  ladies  appointed  to  receive  the 
lady  members  of  the  visiting  party.  This  committee  consisted  of  Mrs. 
Frances  M.  Jenks,  the  chairman,  Mrs.  Edwin  Warfield  and  her  daughter, 
the  Countess  Louise  Ledochowski,  Mrs.  James  Swan  Frick,  Mrs.  Edward 
C.  Wilson,  Mrs.  E.  Stanley  Gerry,  Mrs.  Frances  K.  Carey,  Miss  Dawson 
and  Miss  Brandt.  Informal  speeches  were  made  at  the  luncheon  (which 
was  presided  over  by  Benjamin  H.  Griswold)  by  Dr.  Alberto  Gutierrez, 
of  Bolivia,  President  Frank  J.  Goodnow,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and 
Mr,  Griswold.  The  following  message  from  the  address  of  Mr.  Griswold, 
which  was  received  with  great  applause,  may  be  taken  as  an  index  to  the 
other  inspiring  Pan  American  addresses : 

"We  have  all  read  with  the  deepest  interest  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Pan  American  Congress  in  Washington.     For  the  past  ten  days  as  the 

IS7 


158  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

representatives  of  the  nations  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  you  have  been 
engaged  in  the  serious  discussion  of  problems  of  science,  of  statesman- 
ship, of  commerce,  of  all  that  should  make  for  the  peace  and  welfare  of 
humanity.  And  the  keynote  of  your  discussion  has  been  the  cooperation 
of  all  the  peoples  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  to  promote  the  great  aims 
and  aspirations  of  civilization. 

"Contrast  this  with  the  conferences  now  in  almost  daily  session  on  the 
Eastern  Hemisphere,  which  have  for  their  dire  purpose  the  marshaling  of 
all  the  forces  of  science,  of  statesmanship — even  of  commerce — ^for  the 
destruction  of  nations  and  the  starving,  the  maiming,  the  slaughtering 
of  mankind. 

"  May  the  God  of  all  nations  grant  that  the  people  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic  prove  worthy  of  the  trust  now  imposed  upon  them,  and  that  by 
united  effort,  by  unselfish  sacrifice,  by  patience  in  time  of  stress,  we  may 
preserve  untarnished  the  best,  the  sweetest,  the  highest  ideals  of  civili- 
zation now  intrusted  to  our  care,  so  that  when  in  good  time  this  dreadful 
strife  has  ceased  we  may  take  back  to  Europe  the  ideals  of  liberty,  fra- 
ternity, and  equality,  carrying  them  not  only  to  the  Governments,  the 
great  men  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere,  the  soldier,  and  the  statesman, 
but  refining  them  with  the  gold  of  humanity  and  consecrating  them 
with  the  spirit  of  charity,  carry  them  straight  to  the  doonvay  of  the 
crippled  soldier-peasant  and  to  the  home  of  the  widowed  and  the  father- 
less. 

"This  is  the  great  trust  and  at  the  same  time  the  great  opportunity  of 
the  people  of  this  hemisphere,  and  in  so  far  as  we  are  able  to  fulfill  that 
trust  and  to  grasp  that  wonderful  opportunity,  in  just  so  far  will  the 
history  of  our  times  record  the  new  nations  of  the  world  as  worthy  of  a 
high  place  in  the  realm  of  civilization— in  just  so  far  will  republican  ideals 
and  aspirations  have  justified  themselves." 

After  luncheon  the  party  was  carried  to  Johns  Hopkins  University  for 
inspection  of  buildings,  including  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  Engineer- 
ing School.  The  members  returned  to  the  city,  passing  through  the 
suburban  residential  section  and  by  the  Baltimore  Country  Club.  At  6.06 
p.  m.  the  party  left  Baltimore  for  Philadelphia.  Dinner  was  served  en 
route.  Upon  arrival  in  Philadelphia,  at  8.19  p.  m.,  the  visitors  were  met 
at  the  station  by  N.  B.  Kelly,  secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
and  E.  J.  Cattell,  city  statistician  and  representative  of  the  mayor,  and 
other  members  of  the  local  committee.  The  guests  were  then  transferred 
in  automobiles  to  the  Hotel  Bellevue-Stratford. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 59 

TUESDAY,  JANUARY  11,  1916. 

After  breakfast  the  guests  assembled  in  the  lobby  of  the  hotel  at  9.45  and 
were  driven  in  hotel  automobiles  and  machines  of  the  chamber  of  commerce 
to  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  They  were  welcomed  by  the  provost  of 
the  university,  Dr.  Rdgar  Fahs  Smith,  in  Houston  Hall,  the  assembly  hall 
of  the  students'  club  house,  at  10.10  a.  m.  Dr.  Smith's  speech  of  welcome 
was  interpreted  by  one  of  the  Latin  American  students  of  the  university. 
Mr.  Hano,  representing  the  Latin  American  students  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  the  university,  delivered  a  short  address  of  welcome,  the  response 
to  which  was  given  by  Dr.  Rodrigo  Octavio,  of  Brazil.  The  delegates  were 
then  divided  into  different  groups,  according  to  their  respective  interests  in 
the  various  departments,  and  were  escorted  to  these  departments  by  Latin 
American  students,  actirig  as  special  guides.  Afterwards  the  party  pro- 
ceeded on  foot  to  the  Philadelphia  Commercial  Museum,  where  they  were 
welcomed  by  the  director,  Dr.  William  P.  Wilson,  and  Senator  McFarlane. 
The  visitors  were  then  carried  back  to  the  Bellevue-Stratford  in  automo- 
biles for  a  luncheon  given  in  their  honor  by  the  Philadelphia  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  A  separate  luncheon  was  served  in  the  Red  Room  for  the 
ladies  of  the  party.  Several  short  speeches  were  made  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  men's  luncheon,  which  was  presided  over  by  Hon.  Thomas  B.  Smith, 
the  mayor  of  Philadelphia,  who  was  introduced  by  Secretary  General 
Barrett  and  extended  a  cordial  welcome  to  the  delegates  from  the  entire 
people  of  Philadelphia.  The  mayor  was  followed  by  Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada, 
of  Argentina;  Dr.  Ramon  Salas  Edwards,  of  Chile;  and  Gen.  Carlos  Cuervo 
Marquez,  of  Colombia.  The  speeches  of  Dr.  Edwards  and  Gen.  Cuer\^o 
Marquez,  given  in  Spanish,  were  interpreted,  respectively,  by  Dr.  Peter 
H.  Goldsmith  and  Boas  Long.  The  speeches  of  the  Latin  American 
delegates  were  most  felicitous,  appropriate  to  the  occasion,  and  in  happy 
accord  with  the  following  introductory  statement  from  the  address  of 
Mayor  Smith : 

"In  welcoming  you  to  Philadelphia  I  rnust  tell  you  what  this  city 
means,  not  merely  to  the  United  States  but  to  all  the  Americas.  You 
are  now,  my  friends,  in  the  birthplace  of  liberty,  the  town  in  which  was 
proclaimed  that  immortal  document  which  set  this  country  free  and 
which  acted  as  a  model  for  the  nations  which  you  represent  when  your 
ancestors,  like  ours,  were  seeking  freedom  from  European  yokes.  It  is 
fitting  that  you  should  visit  Philadelphia  from  a  historical  standpoint, 
and  it  is  more  appropriate  that  you  at  this  time  should  visit  us  in  this 
city,  because  it  is  here  that  are  manufactured  many  of  the  goods  which 
48192—17 11 


l6o  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAl,. 

your  countries  need;  it  is  from  here  that  are  shipped  so  many  of  those 
things  which  are  building  up  friendly  trade  between  your  nations  and 
ours. 

"We  must  come  to  know  each  other  better,  so  much  better  that  there 
will  be  no  more  North  or  South  or  Central  America,  but  one  grand 
America,  united  by  ties  of  friendship  and  trade,  leading  the  world  in  new 
paths  of  peace,  increasing  the  comforts  of  civilization  through  new  ideas 
and  ideals,  helping  one  another,  so  that  all  the  peoples  of  all  our  nations 
might  be  happier. 

"So  Philadelphia  is  happy  in  welcoming  you  to-day.  Every  success, 
every  achievement,  every  advance  made  by  any  one  of  the  Republics  to 
the  south  of  us  is  a  subject  for  sincere  congratulation  to  Philadelphia, 
because  it  testifies  once  more  the  mar^-elous  power  of  the  great  principle 
of  self-government  affirmed  in  our  great  Declaration  of  Independence, 
amplified  and  safe-guarded  in  our  great  Constitution — both  world- 
famous  and  world-benefiting  documents,  penned  and  promulgated  in  this 
city  and  both  reflecting  Philadelphia  ideals." 

After  luncheon  the  party  was  carried  in  automobiles,  at  2.45,  to  Inde- 
pendence Hall  where  the  Liberty  Bell's  glass  case  was  unlocked  in 
their  honor,  many  of  them  reverently  touching  the  old  relic's  famous 
crack  and  remarking  that  it  was  their  liberty  bell  as  well  as  the  Liberty 
Bell  of  the  thirteen  original  colonies.  "The  Bell,"  said  Dr.  Quesada,  "was 
the  symbol  of  all  the  Americas."  Leaving  Independence  Hall,  the  dele- 
gates motored  out  past  the  United  States  mint  on  Spring  Garden  Street  to 
the  Washington  Monument  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  at  the  head  of 
the  parkway,  and  out  through  the  park  and  along  the  Wissahickon  to 
Chestnut  Hill.  Many  of  the  delegates  left  the  main  party  at  Chestnut  Hill 
to  motor  to  the  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works  and  to  Cramp's  Shipyard,  but 
the  majority  went  on  to  the  Wanamaker  department  store,  where  they 
were  taken  for  a  tour  of  inspection  by  the  Wanamaker  military  guides. 
A  special  concert  was  rendered  in  their  honor  by  the  famous  Wanamaker 
mixed  band,  consisting  of  men  and  women  players.  From  Wanamaker's 
the  party  proceeded  to  the  Hotel  Bellevue-Stratford,  where  a  table  d'hote 
dinner  was  served  from  6.30  to  7.30.  At  7.40  they  were  carried  in  hotel 
automobiles  as  the  guests  of  the  city  and  the  chamber  of  commerce  to 
the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  for  a  gala  performance  of  Mozart's 
"Magic  Flute"  in  German.  After  the  opera  the  party  returned  to  the 
Bellevue-Stratford  in  house  automobiles  for  a  buffet  supper  in  the  Clover 
Room,  being  received  by  Mayor  and  Mrs.  Thomas  B.  Smith.  The  supper 
was  followed  by  dancing. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  l6l 

WEDNESDAY,  JANUARY  12,  1916. 

Immediately  after  breakfast  the  members  of  the  party  assembled  and 
were  carried  in  hotel  automobiles  to  the  Market  Street  Station  and  left 
on  a  special  parlor-car  train  for  Princeton  at  10.30.  On  arrival  at  Prince- 
ton at  11.52  the  party  proceeded  to  Nassau  Hall  by  the  way  of  Blair  Arch. 
Formal  exercises  took  place  in  the  banquet  room  of  Nassau  Hall  at  12.30. 
The  secretary  general,  Mr.  John  Barrett,  introduced  President  Hibben,  of 
the  university,  who  welcomed  the  delegates  in  the  name  of  the  university, 
pointing  out  that  at  the  battle  of  Princeton  the  British  made  their  last 
stand  in  Nassau  Hall  and  that  it  was  also  here  that  Washington  received 
the  thanks  of  the  Colonial  Congress  for  his  services.  President  Hibben's 
address  of  welcome  was  responded  to  on  the  part  of  the  delegates  by  Mr. 
Eduardo  Pinto,  of  Costa  Rica,  who  emphasized  that  Pan  Americanism  is 
the  shortest  possible  way  of  attaining  American  unity.  Leaving  Nassau 
Hall  at  12.35  the  party  walked  through  the  library  arch  to  automobiles 
and  was  driven  to  the  graduate  college  where  an  informal  luncheon  was 
served  at  i  p.  m.  in  Proctor  Hall.  Short  speeches  were  made  on  this 
occasion  by  Secretary  General  Barrett,  Dr.  Andres  Montolio,  of  the 
Dominican  Republic,  and  by  Prof.  rP.  M.  Brown,  of  Princeton  Uni- 
versity. Dr.  Montolio  expressed  the  profound  thanks  of  all  the  dele- 
gates for  the  generous  reception  tendered  them,  and  Prof.  Brown  ex- 
pressed the  appreciation  of  the  faculty  for  this  opportunity  of  enter- 
taining the  delegates  and  a  cordial  desire  that  they  might  return  again. 
After  luncheon  the  party  was  carried  back  to  the  station  in  automobiles, 
leaving  Princeton  at  2.30,  the  train  arriving  in  New  York  at  3.45. 

On  arrival  in  New  York  the  members  of  the  party  were  driven  to  the 
Waldorf-Astoria  Hotel  where  an  informal  reception  was  tendered  by  Mr. 
Cabot  Ward,  second  vice  president  of  the  Pan  American  Society  of  the 
United  States  and  Park  Commissioner  of  New  York  City.  Mr.  Ward, 
who  was  introduced  by  Mr.  John  Barrett,  gave  a  short  speech  of  welcome 
which  was  responded  to  by  Mr.  Barrett. 

A  beautiful  banquet  was  tendered  in  the  main  banquet  hall  of  the 
Waldorf-Astoria  at  7.30,  by  the  Pan  American  Society  of  the  United 
States  in  cooperation  with  the  general  committee  of  New  York  City 
which  had  been  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  State  in  honor  of  the  visit- 
ing delegates  to  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  The  ladies 
and  invited  guests  occupied  the  balcony  boxes.  The  officers  of  the  Pan 
American  Society  of  the  United  States  are  as  follows: 


l63  REPORT  O?  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

President 
Henry  White 

Honorary  Presidents 

Robert  Lansing 

Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States 

DoMicio  Da  Gama,  of  Brazil 
The  Ranking  Ambassador  of  Latin  America 

Honorary  Vice  Presidents 

Elihu  Root 

Andrew  Carnegie  Robert  Bacon 

Archer  M.  Huntington  Lloyd  C.  Griscom 

First  Vice  President 

John  Bassett  Moore 

Second  Vice  President  Third  Vice  President 

Cabot  Ward  John  Barrett 

Secretiary 
Harry  ISrwin  Bard 

Treasurer 
Lorenzo  Daniels 

The  following  gives  the  menu  and  musical  numbers  of  the  banquet : 

MENU. 

Grapefruit  Maraschino 

,  Chicken  Gumbo,  Printaniere 

Radishes  Olives  Celery  Almonds 

Filet  of  sea  bass,  lobster  sauce 

Potatoes  k  la  HoUandaise 

Fresh  mushrooms  under  glass,  Eugenie 

Breast  of  chicken  stuffed,  deviled  sauce 

Hearts  of  lettuce,  Russian  dressing 

Bombe  Glacee,  Venitienne 

Assorted  cakes 

Coffee 

Cocktails,  Krug  private  cuv6e,  White  Rock,  White  ChAteau  Dillon 

dry,  cigarettes,  cigars. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI^.  1 63 

MUSIC. 

Marche  Espagnole Viva  el  Torero 

Selection Only  Girl 

Intermezzo Shadowland 

Spanish  ballet  music 

Selection Blue  Paradise 

Comet  solo /  Hear  You  Calling  Me 

La  Paloma 

Intermezzo Pan-Americana 

Selection Carmen 

Medley Popular  Airs 

Selection ' Spanish  Airs 

Grand  American  Fantasie  from  Herbert. 

The  announced  speakers  were  as  follows : 

Henry  White,  John  Purroy  MitcheI,  Frank  Polk,  Ernesto 
QuESADA,  CarivOS  Manuel  de  Ce;spedes,  John  Barrett,  Dudley 
Field  Malone. 

President  Henry  White,  of  the  Pan  American  Society,  former  am- 
bassador to  France,  was  toastmaster.  Mayor  MitcheI  sounded  a  par- 
ticularly happy  note  at  the  very  outset  of  his  address:  "The  people  of 
the  United  States  covet  nothing  that  the  southern  Republics  have  except 
their  friendship  and  their  cooperation.  I  say  we  covet  nothing.  I  will 
qualify  this.  We  covet  participation  in  your  development,  acquaintance 
with  your  achievements,  and  your  contributions  to  the  progress  of  civili- 
zation. It  is  unthinkable  that  there  should  be  in  the  Western  Hemi- 
sphere twenty-one  Republics  experimenting  in  democracy  and  that  they 
should  not  mutally  acquaint  each  other  with  the  success  or  failure  of  their 
endeavors  and  the  reasons  why.  Nothing  is  of  greater  importance  to  the 
progress  of  the  world  than  these  efforts  in  the  democracy  of  the  Ameri- 
can Republics." 

Over  the  entire  banquet  hung  a  spirit  of  excellent  understanding  and 
the  promise  of  a  closer  friendship  in  the  future  between  this  country  and 
the  nations  of  the  south.  That  was  the  topic  of  all  the  speeches.  Presi- 
dent Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  of  Columbia  University,  on  invitation  to 
address  the  assembled  guests,  described  eloquently  the  ideals  of  democ- 
racy pursued  by  the  countries  of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  Dr.  Garcia 
Kohly,  of  Cuba,  also  spoke  at  the  banquet  as  the  representative  of  His 
Excellency  the  Cuban  Minister,  who  was  unable  to  be  present. 


l64  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

THURSDAY,  JANUARY  13,  1916. 

After  breakfast  the  party  assembled  and  were  carried  at  9.45  in  auto- 
mobiles for  a  drive  up  Fifth  Avenue  and  along  Riverside  Drive  to  Dyke- 
man  Street  and  thence  back  south  to  the  American  Museum  ^  of  Natural 
History,  where  a  buflfet  luncheon  was  served  by  the  trustees  of  the 
museum.  There  were  no  speeches  at  this  luncheon.  The  delegates 
enjoyed  greatly,  however,  the  national  airs  of  the  various  Latin  American 
countries  that  were  played  by  the  orchestra  throughout  the  luncheon. 

The  party  left  the  museum  at  2.15  for  Columbia  University  where,  on 
arrival,  the  members  were  shown  about  the  grounds  and  buildings.  In 
honor  of  the  delegates  a  general  assembly  of  the  faculty  of  Columbia 
University  was  held  at  4  o'clock  in  the  Horace  Mann  Auditorium.  Ad- 
dresses were  delivered  by  the  president  of  the  university.  Dr.  Nicholas  M. 
Butler,  and  by  Dr.  Ernesto  Quesada,  Dr.  Rodriguez  Octavia,  Dr.  Julio 
Philippi,  Dr.  Luis  Anderson,  and  Hon.  Seth  Low.  Dr.  Butler  presided  at 
this  assembly  and,  in  his  address  of  welcome,  stated  that  important 
material  barriers  between  western  nations  had  disappeared  before  the 
onslaught  of  men  of  science,  but  that  "invisible  barriers,  the  result  of  lack 
of  knowledge,  lack  of  contact,  lack  of  understanding,  and  of  full  apprecia- 
tion of  their  forms  of  endeavor  and  of  other  peoples'  undertakings,"  still 
existed.  After  the  assembly  the  party  returned  in  automobiles  to  the 
hotel  for  informal  dinner  in  the  caf6.  At  8.30  in  the  evening  President 
and  Mrs.  Nicholas  Murray  Butler  were  hosts  at  a  beautiul  reception  for 
the  delegates  in  the  "President's  House,"  One  hundred  and  sixteenth 
Street  and  Momingside  Drive,  attended  by  many  of  the  most  distinguished 
men  and  women  of  New  York. 

FRIDAY,  JANUARY  14,  1916. 

Immediately  after  breakfast  the  party  assembled  in  the  hotel  and  were 
driven  to  the  Grand  Central  Station,  whence  a  special  train  of  parlor  cars 
carried  them  over  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad 
to  New  Haven,  Conn.  The  delegates  were  met  en  route  by  Dr. 
Hiram  Bingham,  representing  the  faculty  of  Yale  University,  and 
Mr.  Maurice  Hadley,  representing  the  students'  reception  committee. 
The  following  program  for  the  New  Haven  visit,  prepared  in  French, 
Portuguese,  Spanish,  and  English,  was  distributed  on  the  train,  which 
arrived  in  New  Haven  at  11.59: 

1  The  corner  stone  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  was  laid  by  President  U.  S.  Grant  in 
1874.  The  southern  facade  measures  710  feet  from  tower  to  tower.  Ou  the  completion  of  the  three  re- 
maining facades  this  building  will  be  the  largest  in  the  world  to-day.  The  management  and  direction  of 
the  American  Museiun  is  tmder  a  board  of  trustees,  administrative  officers,  and  a  scientific  staff.  The 
latter  is  subdivided  into  12  divisions. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  1 65 

On  arrival  at  New  Haven  the  delegates  will  be  met  at  the  train  by  mem- 
bers of  the  students'  reception  committee,  who  will  conduct  them  to  the 
west  end  of  the  station,  where  they  will  be  welcomed  by  representatives 
of  Yale  University  and  the  New  Haven  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and 
conducted  to  the  automobiles  offered  by  the  members  of  the  reception 
committee  of  the  chamber  of  commerce. 

First.  A  short  trip  through  the  city  has  been  arranged,  as  follows:  To 
State  Street,  through  the  wholesale  district,  up  Chapel  Street,  through 
the  retail  district,  to  Temple  Street,  through  the  Green  in  the  center  of 
the  city,  near  the  new  Federal  building,  the  city  hall,  the  chamber  of 
commerce  building,  the  county  courthouse,  the  New  Haven  Free  Public 
Library,  the  law  school  and  other  university  buildings,  and  the  Hotel 
Taft.  Proceeding  north  to  Whitney  Avenue,  past  the  residence  of  Presi- 
dent Hadley  of  the  university,  on  through  one  of  the  chief  residential 
districts  to  Highland  Street,  to  St.  Francis  Avenue,  past  the  St.  Francis 
Orphan  Asylum,  with  a  fine  view  of  East  Rock  Park  on  the  right ;  through 
Edgehill  Road,  past  the  residences  of  a  number  of  the  university  pro- 
fessors, to  Ogden  Street,  past  the  residence  of  Prof.  Hiram  Bingham, 
thence  down  Prospect  Street,  noticing  on  the  left  the  university  astronom- 
ical observatory,  on  the  right  in  the  distance  the  Winchester  Repeating 
Arms  Co. ;  on  the  left  the  residence  of  ex-President  Taft,  now  professor 
of  law  in  Yale  University;  on  the  right  the  Yale  forest  school  and  the 
Yale  infirmary;  on  the  left  the  splendid  new  laboratories  of  the  depart- 
ments of  physics,  botany /«»and  biology.  Turning  to  the  left  at  Sachem 
Street,  to  Hillhouse  Avenue,  past  the  buildings  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  and  St.  Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Church,  to  Grove  Street,  to 
Memorial  Hall. 

Second.  In  the  rotunda  of  Memorial  Hall  the  delegates  will  be  re- 
ceived by  President  Hadley. 

Passing  into  the  university  dining  hall,  the  delegates  will  be  wel- 
comed by  the  students  of  the  university,  who  will  sing  "Bright  College 
Years,"  the  university  anthem. 

Following  the  welcome  by  the  students,  there  will  be  an  informal 
reception  to  the  delegates  in  the  president's  reception  room,  tendered  by 
President  and  Mrs.  Hadley  and  the  deans  and  directors  of  the  various 
departments  of  the  university,  including  the  academic  department, 
Sheffield  Scientific  School,  graduate  school,  law  school,  medical  school, 
forest  school,  school  of  religion,  school  of  fine  arts,  and  music  school. 


l66  REPORT  OF  THB  SECRETARY  GENERAL,. 

Third.  At  1.30  p.  m.  there  will  be  a  luncheon  in  the  university  dining 
hall  tendered  by  Yale  University. 

Note. — Immediately  after  luncheon  a  photograph  will  be  taken  on  the  steps 
of  the  inner  entrance  of  Memorial  Hall,  at  the  point  where  President  Taft  was 
welcomed  by  the  student  body  when  he  came  to  take  up  his  duties  at  the 
university  on  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  as  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Fourth.  After  luncheon  the  delegates  will  be  invited  to  visit  the  mining 
engineering,  mechanical  engineering,  and  electrical  engineering  labora- 
tories of  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  the  college  campus,  the  art  school,  and  the  university  library. 
A  number  of  books  and  manuscripts  of  particular  interest  to  students  of 
Latin  American  history  will  be  on  exhibition  in  the  Chittenden  Memorial 
Reading  Room. 

Note. — As  there  will  not  be  sufficient  time  for  the  delegates  to  visit  more 
than  one  or  two  of  the  laboratories  or  collections,  parties  will  be  formed  tmder 
the  leadersliip  of  the  directors  of  tlie  various  laboratories  and  collections  imme- 
diately after  the  taking  of  the  photograph.  Those  delegates  who  desire  to  visit 
any  of  the  engineering  laboratories  are  requested  to  assemble  on  the  northeast 
steps  of  Memorial  Hall,  opposite  the  clock  tower  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School.  ITiose  who  wish  to  visit  the  museum,  the  art  school,  or  the  library  are 
requested  to  assemble  on  the  steps  aroimd  the  flagstaff  in  front  of  tlie  south- 
west entrance  to  Memorial  Hall. 

Fifih.  The  automobiles  of  the  chamber  of  commerce  reception  com- 
mittee will  be  in  waiting  at  the  library  to  rec^duct  the  delegates  to  the 
station,  passing  out  from  the  campus  through  the  Phelps  Gateway,  which 
is  only  opened  for  the  passage  of  vehicles  upon  very  rare  occasions,  such 
as  visits  by  royalty  or  other  distinguished  guests.  The  automobiles 
will  proceed  via  College  and  Elm  Streets,  to  Church  Street,  to  Meadow 
Street,  and  so  to  the  station. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  speakers  at  the  luncheon  tendered  the 
delegates  of  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  in  Memorial  Hall, 
Yale  University: 

SPEAKERS. 

Addresses  of  welcome : 

On  behalf  of  the  University,  Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  president  of 
Yale  University. 

On  behalf  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  New  Haven,  James  T. 
MoRAN,  director  of  the  chamber. 

On  behalf  of  the  college,  Henry  RosEmann  lyANG,  professor  of  the 
romance  languages  and  literature. 


/ 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 67 

On  behalf  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  Frederick  Buss 
LuQuiENS,  professor  of  Spanish. 

On  behalf  of  the  law  school,  Wiluam  Howard  Tapt,  Kent  professor 
of  law. 
Responses  on  behalf  of  the  delegates : 

Dr.  PEfJAHERRERA,  of  Ecuador; 

Dr.  Jose;  Matos,  of  Guatemala; 

Dr.  EberIvE  Firmin,  of  Haiti. 

On  arrival  at  the  Yale  memorial  dining  hall  the  visitors  were  received 
by  President  and  Mrs.  Hadley,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  R.  Hubinger,  Mrs. 
Hiram  Bingham,  Mrs.  Frederick  B.  Luquiens,  and  Mrs.  Henry  R.  Lang. 
The  dining  hall  was  elaborately  decorated  with  flags,  bunting,  and 
flowers,  and  across  the  west  end  were  the  flags  of  the  twenty-one 
American  Republics.  Each  member  of  the  party  was  presented  with 
numerous  souvenirs,  and  the  ladies  were  given  bunches  of  violets,  the  Yale 
University  flower. 

President  Hadley  made  the  address  of  welcome  on  behalf  of  the 
university,  saying: 

"  It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  take  part  in  a  gathering  Uke  this,  which  marks 
the  renewal  of  old  ties  and  the  creation  of  new  ones.  The  ties  that  we 
renew  are  of  long  standing.  The  Latin  communities  of  the  south  and  the 
English  communities  of  the  north  had  many  common  problems  during 
the  early  stages  of  their  development.  All  of  us,  south  and  north,  had  to 
pass  from  colonial  dependence  to  national  independence.  The  contest 
came  a  little  earUer  for  some  than  for  others,  but  it  had  to  come  every- 
where. Each  nation,  Latin  or  English,  looked  with  sympathy  on  the 
struggles  of  the  other  and  derived  inspiration  from  its  successes.  And 
when  independence  was  achieved  each  nation  had  to  work  out  for  itself, 
under  conditions  differing  in  detail  but  similar  in  underlying  principle, 
the  problems  of  constitutional  liberty  and  industrial  emancipation, 

"There  were  certain  special  reasons  why  the  interest  in  these  problems 
of  Latin  America  was  peculiarly  strong  in  New  Haven  and  at  Yale. 
During  all  the  early  part  of  the  last  century  there  was  large  direct  trade 
between  this  port  and  its  Latin-speaking  neighbors.  The  desire  to  secure 
and  safeguard  this  trade  was  many  times  the  leading  motive  in  the 
political  life  of  this  community.  And  during  all  these  years  the  pro- 
fessors of  Yale.University  watched  with  special  interest  the  developments 
of  constitutional  and  international  law  which  came  from  the  develop- 
ment of  this  new  world  of  ours.  Well  do  I  remember,  in  my  own 
career  as  a  student,  how  large  a  part  of  the  teaching  of  my  honored 


1 68  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

predecessor,  Theodore  Dwight  Woolsey,  centered  around  the  experience  of 
Latin  America,  and  how  he  impressed  upon  us  as  students  of  intemationa 
law  the  importance  of  knowing  the  facts  of  this  history  and  understanding 
its  bearings  on  the  future  of  our  country  and  of  the  world. 

"There  was  a  time  when  this  essential  community  of  interest  was 
partly  lost  out  of  sight;  when  each  separate  nation  of  America,  having 
achieved  its  independence  and  in  some  measure  settled  its  immediate 
problems  of  political  liberty,  turned  toward  that  part  of  Europe  with 
which  it  was  most  nearly  connected  by  race  and  sympathy,  and  neglected 
for  the  moment  those  common  interests  which  have  united  and  ought  to 
unite  the  different  parts  of  our  great  continent.  That  day  is  past.  We 
shall  indeed  continue  to  maintain  our  close  relations  with  the  nations  of 
Europe  to  which  we  owe  our  origin.  But  we  have  renewed  and  are,.  I 
trust,  cementing  each  year  more  firmly  our  close  relations  with  one 
another  in  industry  and  in  politics.  I  take  this  gathering  as  a  token  that 
we  are  also  renewing  our  intellectual  relations  no  less  than  our  political 
and  industrial  ones;  and  that  the  day  is  close  at  hand  when  we  shall  have 
not  only  arbitration  of  international  disputes  and  active  trade  between 
the  several  nations  of  America,  but  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word  an 
American  republic  of  letters — a  community  of  understanding  and  of  intel- 
lectual achievement." 

Former  President  Taft,  professor  of  the  Yale  law  school,  was  unable  to 
be  present,  but  the  following  letter  from  him,  which  had  beeri  translated 
into  Spanish,  was  read  by  Prof.  Bingham : 

"My  dear  Mr.  Stokes:  It  is  a  source  of  real  regret  to  me  that  I 
can  not  be  with  you  on  Friday  of  this  week  to  join  in  the  welcome  to  the 
distinguished  delegates  to  the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  which 
has  just  closed  its  sessions  in  Washington.  I  have  the  deepest  sympathy 
in  every  movement  to  bring  the  two  Americas  together  and  to  unite  as 
a  real  force  in  determining  the  international  policies  of  the  world,  all  the 
nations  of  this  hemisphere.  I  am  quite  in  accord  with  the  suggestions 
of  the  present  Secretary  of  State  to  this  end,  and  I  sincerely  hope  that 
out  of  his  suggestions  some  closer  bond  between  those  nations  may  be 
created.  I  have  had  so  much  in  my  official  life  to  do  with  the  peoples 
who  trace  their  descent  to  Spain,  Italy,  Portugal,  and  the  other  Latin 
countries,  that  I  count  it  a  great  personal  loss  not  to  be  able  to  be  present 
and  testify  in  every  way  possible  to  my  great  admiration. for  them,  and 
my  appreciation  of  the  debt  which  the  world  owes  to  them  in  many  of 
the  most  important  branches  of  human  activity.  I  count  it  a  most 
foitunate  circumstance  that  Yale  university  is  to  have  the  opportunity 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL,.  1 69 

of  receiving  these  distinguished  and  learned  gentlemen,  and  I  beg  to 
say  that  nothing  but  an  imperative  engagement,  of  a  number  of  months' 
standing,  a  breach  of  which  would  involve  substantial  detriment  to  those 
with  whom  I  have  made  the  engagement,  would  prevent  me  from  being 
present  as  one  of  Yale's  faculty  to  join  in  her  cordial  welcome  to  these 
able  ambassadors  of  our  sistei  American  Republics  on  a  mission  of  peace 
and  good  will." 

The  party  left  New  Haven  for  Boston  at  4.54  p.  m.  Dinner  was  served 
on  the  train.  A  reception  committee  of  this  city,  representing  the  Boston 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  city  of  Boston,  and  the  State  of  Massachu- 
setts, boarded  the  train  at  Providence.  This  reception  committee  was 
comprised  of  Maj.  K.  A.  Burnham,  of  Governor  McCall's  staff;  H.  O. 
Wellman,  Eugene  W.  Ong,  Frank  A.  Goodhue,  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; Standish  "Wilcox,  representing  Mayor  Curley;  and  Prof.  A.  F. 
Whitten,  representing  Harvard  University.  The  members  of  the  party 
on  their  arrival  in  Boston  (Back  Bay  Station)  were  carried  in  automo- 
biles to  the  Copley  Plaza  Hotel.  The  following  program  had  been  pre- 
pared for  the  reception  of  the  visiting  delegates. 

PROGRAM. 
FRIDAY,  JANUARY  14. 

8.43  p.  m.,  arrive  at  Boston,  Back  Bay  Station;  proceed  to  Hotel 
Copley  Plaza. 

SATURDAY,  JANUARY  15. 

9.30  a.  m.,  his  honor  Mayor  Curley  of  Boston  will  greet  the  delegates 
at  the  Hotel  Copley  Plaza. 

10  a.  m.,  proceed  by  automobile  to  Harvard  University,  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

I  p.  m.,  luncheon  to  the  delegates  by  the  president  and  fellows  of 
Harvard  University  at  the  Harvard  Union.  The  ladies  of  the  party 
will  be  entertained  at  luncheon  by  Mrs.  A.  lyawrence  Lowell  at  her  home, 
17  Quincy  Street. 

2.45  p.  m.,  automobiles  from  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  will 
meet  the  party  at  the  Harvard  Union  and  proceed  to  the  custom  house 
tower,  which  will  be  opened  to  them  by  the  courtesy  of  Collector  of  the 
Port  Billings. 

4.15  p.  m.,  leave  customhouse  and  proceed  to  the  Public  Library, 
Copley  Square. 

5.15  p.  m.,  return  to  Hotel  Copley  Plaza. 


I/O  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

6.20  p.  m.,  the  delegates  will  leave  Hotel  Copley  Plaza  in  taxicabs  for 
the  Boston  City  Club.  The  ladies  will  leave  at  the  same  hour  for  the 
Women's  City  Club. 

6.30  p.  m.,  dinner  in  honor  of  the  delegates  by  the  Boston  Chamber 
of  Commerce  at  the  Boston  City  Club,  President  Louis  K.  Liggett,  pre- 
siding.   The  mayor  will  welcome  the  delegates  on  behalf  of  the  city 
Dinner  to  the  ladies  of  the  party  by  the  Women's  City  Club. 

8.50  p.  m.,  the  two  sections  will  leave  the  Boston  City  Club  and  the 
Women's  City  Club,  meeting  at  the  State  House  at  9  p.  m.  for  reception 
by  his  excellency  the  governor  of  Massachusetts  and  his  staff. 

10  to  10.30  p.  m.,  delegates  will  leave  State  House  in  taxicabs  for  the 
Hotel  Copley  Plaza. 

SUNDAY,  JANUARY  16. 

In  the  morning  the  delegates  will  pursue  their  own  pleasure.  Ar- 
rangements have  been  made  for  a  private  opening  of  the  Boston  Museum 
of  Fine  Arts  from  11  to  12  o'clock,  and  also  for  a  visit  to  the  Forsyth 
Dental  Infirmary. 

12.30  p.  m.,  luncheon  to  the  delegates  by  his  honor  the  mayor  at  the 
Hotel  Copley  Plaza. 

2.45  p.  m.,  departure  for  New  York. 

The  director  general  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  Mr.  John  Barrett, 
who  had  accompanied  the  party  as  far  as  New  York  in  his  official  capacity 
as  secretary  general  of  the  congress,  was  compelled  by  illness,  in  the  form 
of  a  sudden  attack  of  the  grippe,  to  leave  the  party  at  that  point.  His 
place  as  official  representative  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  congress 
was  taken  by  Mr.  Phillips,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  and  chair- 
man ex  officio  of  the  executive  committee.  The  delegates,  on  their 
arrival  at  the  Copley  Plaza,  were  greeted  by  Secretary  Phillips. 

SATURDAY,  JANUARY  15,  1916. 

After  breakfast  the  delegates  were  formally  welcomed  by  Mr.  Wilcox, 
representing  Mayor  Curley,  and  were  then  carried  for  a  visit  to  the  labo- 
ratories of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  new  Harvard 
Medical  School,  for  a  tour  along  Charles  River,  over  the  Emerson  Memo- 
rial Bridge  and  around  the  stadium,  through  the  freshman  dormitories, 
to  the  Harvard  law  school,  law  school  library  and  the  university  museum, 
and  through  Memorial  Hall  (students'  dining  hall)  to  the  new  Widener 
Library  where  a  photograph  of  the  party  was  taken.  Luncheon  was 
tendered  the  ladies  of  the  party  at  i  p.  m.  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  President 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 71 

Lowell.  Luncheon  was  tendered  the  gentlemen  at  Harvard  Union,  the 
student  meeting  place,  by  the  fellows  and  president  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity. Mr.  Robert  Bacon,  fellow  and  former  ambassador  to  France, 
delivered  the  speech  of  welcdme. 

Mr.  Bacon's  address  was  delivered  in  Spanish,  to  the  great  pleasure  of 
the  delegates.     He  said  in  part : 

"Your  visit  is  the  more  fortunate  because  it  signifies  one  step  more  in 
the  development  of  the  American  Institute  of  International  Law,  and 
also  of  the  various  national  societies  of  international  law,  many  of  which 
were  forming  with  your  most  valuable  assistance  at  the  time  I  visited 
your  countries. 

"Permit  me  to  repeat  to  you  my  profound  appreciation  for  this  aid, 
which,  fortunately,  you  have  continued  to  give  to  these  societies.  The 
American  Institute  of  International  Law  with  its  affiliations  can  be  con- 
sidered to-day  as  definitely  established.  By  its  means  the  international 
problems  which  afifect  the  twenty-one  republics  of  America  are  being 
solved  by  men  of  real  intellectual  attainment,  from  whose  judicious  and 
friendly  discussions  has  resulted  the  rule  of  conduct  we  should  follow  in 
order  that  nothing  may  destroy  the  harmony  which  ought  to  exist  among 
the  members  of  the  same  family  of  nations  inhabiting  the  same  continent. 

"The  regular  and  constant  exchange  of  professors  and  students  which 
we  have  been  prompt  to  inaugurate  in  this  university  will  hasten  the 
good  understanding  among  the  various  institutions  of  learning. 

"The  law  of  nations  is  not  the  law  of  one  nation  alone;  nor  is  it  made 
for  one  nation  alone.  It  is  not  imposed  by  any  one  nation;  nor  can  it  be 
changed  by  any  one  nation.  Every  nation  stands  equal  before  this  law, 
with  equal  rights  and  obligations.  Just  as  the  municipal  or  national 
law  depends  upon  the  sanction  of  public  opinion,  so  international  law 
rests  on  the  sanction  of  international  opinion.  And  it  is  through  the 
education  of  and  formation  of  the  international  opinion  that  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  International  Law  will  render  an  inestimable  service  to 
America  and  to  the  world." 

Dr.  Fausto  Davila  of  Honduras  responded  with  thanks  in  behalf  of 
the  delegates.  Other  speakers  were  President  Lowell  of  Harvard,  Dr. 
Victor  Maurtua,  of  Peru,  and  Prof.  Howard  of  Harvard  University. 
At  2.45  p.  m.  the  members  were  carried  in  automobiles  to  the  custom- 
house, where  they  were  received  by  Mr,  Edmund  Billings,  collector  of 
the  port  of  Boston,  and  Mr.  Dudley  Field  Malone,  collector  of  the  port 
of  New  York.  After  a  visit  to  the  tower,  495  feet  high,  the  party  was 
driven  to  the  Boston  Public  Library  and  thence  to  the  hotel.     At  6.30 


172  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

p.  m,  the  gentlemen  were  carried  in  automobiles  to  the  Boston  City 
Club,  where  they  were  tendered  a  banquet  by  the  Boston  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  A  similar  function  was  tendered  the  ladies  at  the  Women's 
City  Chib.  The  following  comprised  the  dihner  committee  of  the  Boston 
Chamber  of  Commerce:  Eugene  M.  Ong,  chairman,  Frank  M.  Bowers, 
Louis  A.  Coolidge,  Walter  C.  Fish,  F.  Abbot  Goodhue,  John  S.  I^awrence, 
and  Benjamin  Joy! 

The  names  of  the  speakers  follow: 

Presiding  officer,  Louis  K.  Liggett,  president  Boston  Chamber  of 
Commerce. 

Address  of  welcome,  Hon.  James  M.  Curley,  mayor  of  Boston. 

Response  in  behalf  of  Pan  American  delegates. 

Following  the  dinner  a  reception  was  tendered  the  visiting  delegates 
and  guests  of  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  by  Hon.  Samuel  A. 
McCall,  governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  the  Hall 
of  Flags,  State  House. 

The  Boston  papers  commented  on  this  banquet  as  being  in  many  re- 
spects unique.  Flags  once  unfamiliar,  the  national  colors  of  the  South 
and  Central  American  Republics,  were  draped,  intermingled  with  the 
Stars  and  Stripes,  from  the  ceiling  of  the  banquet  hall.  Spanish  music 
floated  softly  over  the  hum  of  pleasant  table  talk  and  contributed  largely 
to  the  atmosphere  of  the  dinner.  President  Liggett,  the  presiding  host, 
said,  in  part :  "We  welcome  our  distinguished  \'isitors  from  our  neighbor- 
ing Republics  to  the  south  and  as  representatives  of  that  ideal  of  the  larger 
internationalism  for  which  we  are  all  hoping  and  working."  Mayor 
Curley  in  his  speech  remarked:  "Fellow  Americans,  there  is  only  one 
other  institution  in  Boston  where  it  would  be  more  fitting  to  meet  you 
than  this  place,  that  is  the  Cradle  of  the  American  Liberties,  Faneuil 
Hall.  You  are  here,  gentlemen,  not  to  conquer  new  fields  for  gain;  but 
you  come  here  as  idealists  and  as  humanitarians  to  put  into  practice  the 
ideal  which  has  always  been  the  glory  of  historic  Boston,  service  to 
humanity.  In  that  spirit  we  welcome  you,  not  only  because  of  the 
character  of  your  mission  but  because  of  the  time  you  have  chosen  for 
that  mission.  You  stand  for  a  great  contrast  with  the  entire  world,  for 
the  ideals  of  peace  and  progress  for  which  your  countries  stand.  We  have 
much  to  learn  from  South  America  and  the  message  you  bring  is  of  much 
value  to  North  America."  Other  speakers  were  Dr.  Eusebio  Ayala,  of 
Paraguay,  and  Dr.  Alfredo  Persico,  of  Uruguay.  Gen.  Carlos  Cuervo 
Marquez,  of  Colombia  also  addressed  the  banquet. 

Following  the  banquet  the  guests  were  carried  to  the  State  House  where 
the  delegates  and  the  lady  members  were  received  by  his  excellency,  the 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  173 

governor  of  Massachusetts,  and  his  stafif,  and  Mayor  and  Mrs.  Curley. 
The  reception  was  held  in  the  beautiful  Hall  of  Flags.  A  band  of  the 
first  corps  of  cadets  of  the  Spanish  War  played  patriotic  songs  during  the 
reception,  including  some  of  the  national  hymns  of  the  Latin  American 
countries,  and  closed  with  the  Star  Spangled  Banner.  At  10.30  p.  m. 
the  members  of  the  party  were  carried  in  automobiles  to  the  Hotel 
Copley-Plaza  for  dancing. 

SUNDAY,  JANUARY  16,  1916. 

There  was  a  special  opening  of  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  in 
honor  of  the  delegates.  At  12.30  a  luncheon  was  tendered  the  delegates 
and  the  lady  members  of  their  families  at  the  Hotel  Copley-Plaza  by  his 
honor,  the  mayor  of  Boston. 

Mayor  Curley  presided  and  gave  the  address  of  welcome.  Other 
speakers  were  Gov.  McCall,  Dr.  Rincones  of  Venezuela,  Dr.  Sanchez  de 
Fuentes  of  Cuba,  and  the  Hon.  William  Phihpps,  Third  Assistant 
Secretary  of  State.  The  eloquent  address  of  Dr.  Fuentes,  speaking  in 
Spanish,  was  enthusiastically  applauded.  In  his  reference  to  the  Monroe 
Doctrine  he  praised  in  particular  President  Wilson's  interpretation  of  its 
meaning.  Referring  to  the  Pan  American  countries,  he  stated  that  while 
in  the  past  they  mainly  aspired  to  commercial  success,  it  is  gratifying  to 
see  them  now  assiduously  cultivating  the  sciences  and  arts  which  will 
tend  to  bind  all  countries  closer  together  in  the  future.  He  referred  to 
the  policy  of  the  United  States  in  reference  to  Cuba  as  a  guarantee  of 
America's  faith  in  the  integrity  of  the  nations  of  Pan  America  in  the 
case  of  possible  intervention  in  the  future  on  the  part  of  the  United  States. 
Mr.  Phillips,  speaking  in  behalf  of  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
complimented  the  delegates  of  Latin  America  on  the  results  which  this 
congress  had  achieved  through  their  participation,  not  only  along  scien 
tific  lines  but  along  lines  of  mutual  social  understanding,  which  he 
explained  were  far  greater.  The  luncheon  concluded  at  3.20  with  a 
brief  but  cordial  invitation  on  the  part  of  Mayor  Curley  for  the  dele- 
gates to  return  again  to  Boston,  which  was  received  by  a  rising  vote  of 
thanks.  The  delegates  then  proceeded  to  Trinity  Place  station,  leaving 
for  New  York  via  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  at  4  o'clock. 

On  arrival  in  New  York,  at  10.04  P-  ni->  the  delegates,  escorted  by 
(he  aides,  were  carried  in  automobiles  to  their  various  hotels. 


174  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

DEPARTURE  OF  THE  DELEGATES. 

In  New  York  City  the  representatives  of  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment, the  executive  committee  of  organization,  and  the  Pan  Ameri- 
can Union  took  formal  leave  of  the  Latin-American  delegates,  some  of 
whom'  returned  immediately  to  their  respective  countries,  while  others 
remained  to  accept  invitations  to  deliver  addresses  and  make  \dsits  in 
different  parts  of  the  country.  Nearly  all  of  them  before  departure 
communicated  v^dth  the  secretary  general  and  expressed  their  gratitude 
for  the  hospitality  extended  them  during  their  stay  in  the  United  States 
and  their  satisfaction  with  the  conduct  of  the  congress.  Since  the 
arrival  home  of  the  majority  of  the  delegates,  they  have  also  corre- 
sponded mth  the  secretary  general  and  the  assistant  secretary  general 
on  matters  connected  \vith  the  "congress  and  otherwise  shown  their 
interest  in  Pan  American  relations. 

STATEMENT  OF  EXPENSES. 

There  now  follows,  as  a  matter  of  record  and  information,  a  summa- 
rized statement  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  covering  the  holding 
of  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  A  more  detailed 
statement  is  in  possession  of  the  disbursing  officers  of  the  Pan  Ameri- 
can Union  and  the  Department  of  State. 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENT. 

Appropriations: 

Diplomatic  act,  June  30,  1914 $35)  000.  00 

Diplomatic  act,  Mar.  4,  1915 15, 000.  00 

Deficiency  act,  Dec.  17,  1915 35,  000.  00 

Total  appropriations 85,  000.  00 

Expenditures: 

Salaries,  including  clerical  services 23,  720.  55 

Services,  including  contract  for  court  stenographers,  reporting,  pub- 
licity, and  honorariums 6,  866.  12 

Authorized  traveling  and  subsistence  expenses  of  66  employees 3, 834.  41 

Printing  and  engraving 24, 976.  30 

Office  supplies,    including  furniture,   typewriting  machines,   and 

rental  charges 3, 323.  39 

Postage,  car  tickets,   telegrams,  telephone  and  messenger  service, 

drayage,  etc i,  918.  93 

Entertainments,  including  tours,  receptions,  dinners,  etc.,  medals, 

music,  floral  decorations,  and  taxicabs 18,  835.  73 

Rent  for  rooms  and  meeting  places i,  23 1.  08 

Miscellaneous '. 285.  94 

Unexpended  balance,  refunded  to  appropriation,  Oct.  30,  1916 7.  55 

Total  expenditures 85, 000.  00 

All  of  the  above  was  disbursed  under  the  direction  of  the  disbursing 
officer  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  who  served  as  disbursing  officer  for 
the  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress.  On  Sept.  8,  1916,  the  United 
States  Congress,  in  its  urgent  deficiency  bill  of  that  date,  appropriated 
for  the  preparation  and  printing  of  the  proceedings  of  the  congress  the 
sum,  disbtirsed  by  the  State  Department,  of 42,  000.  00 

Grand  total  expended 127, 000.  00 

17s 
48192—17 12 


APPENDIX  A. 

ARGENTINA. 
Official  Delegates. 

Ernesto  Quesada,  chairman  of  the  delegation ;  member  of  the  faculty 
of  philosophy  and  literature,  National  University  of  Buenos  Aires; 
professor  in  the  University  of  La  Plata;  attorney  general  of  the 
court  of  appeals  in  the  Federal  capital. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti,  advisory  professor  and  director  of  the  Ethno- 
logical Museum,  faculty  of  philosophy  and  literature,  National 
University  of  Buenos  Aires;  honorary  vice  president  of  the  Con- 
gress of  Americanists. 

EmiIvIO  E.  Dagassan,  electrical  engineer  in  the  Argentine  Navy. 

Benjamin  GarcIa  Aparicio,  colonel  of  the  Argentine  Army;  director, 
geographical  institute  of  the  staff  of  the  Argentine  Army, 

CRisT6BAiy  M.  HiCKEN,  professor  of  botany.  National  University  of 
Buenos  Aires;  professor  in  the  Argentine  Military  Academy; 
ex-inspe9tor  of  secondary  education. 

Rear  Admiral  Juan  A.  Martin,  ex-minister  of  marine;  chief  of  the 
Argentine  naval  commission  in  the  United  States. 

AgustIn  Mercau,  vice  dean  of  the  faculty  of  exact,  physical,  and 
natural  sciences.  National  University  of  Buenos  Aires;  counselor 
and  professor  in  the  same;  professor  in  the  faculty  of  physics, 
mathematics,  and  astronomy.  University  of  La  Plata. 

RiCARDO  Sarmiento  Laspiur,  professor  in  the  faculty  of  medicine  in 
the  National  University  of  Buenos  Aires;  surgeon  in  the  Fernandez 
Hospital ;  secretary  of  the  board  of  public  medical  aid. 

Tomas  S.  VarEI/A,  professor  in  the  National  University  of  Buenos  Aires; 
president  of  the  Argentine  Odontological  Society ;  secretary  of  the 
delegation. 

Delegates  ot  Societies  and  Institutions. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

Carlos  Octavio  BungE,  member  of  the  Academy  of  Law  and  Social 
Sciences  and  of  philosophy  and  literature  of  the  University  of 
Buenos  Aires;  member  of  the  faculty  of  law  and  philosophy; 
attorney  general  of  the  court  of  appeals  in  the  criminal  branch. 
176 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 


177 


H.  H.  Clayton,  chief  weather  bureau  of  Argentine. 

BenjamIn  GarcIa  Aparicio. 

Enrique  Gil,  member  of  the  Argentine  bar. 

f.  a.  goodm anson. 

Crist6bal  M.  Hicken. 

Jos:6  Ingenieros,  professor.  National  University  of  Buenos  Aires. 

Rear  Admiral  Juan  A.  MartIn. 

AoUSTfN.  MERCAU. 

Enrique  Nelson,  professor,  University  of  La  Plata. 

Ernesto  Nelson,  national  inspector  of  higher  education. 

Juan  N.  Pastor,  lieutenant  in  the  Argentine  Navy. 

Ernesto  Quesada. 

Iberio  San  Roman,  engineer;  advisory  and  professor,  faculty  of  exact 
physics  and  natural  sciences. 

Arthur  Rosenfeld,  director  and  entomologist,  agricultural  experi- 
mental station  of  Tucumdn;  professor  of  entomology. 

Eduardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur,  counselor  of  the  ministry  of  foreign 
affairs;  professor  National  University  of  Buenos  Aires  and 
National  Universtiy  of  La  Plata. 

RiCARDO  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 

Walter  E.  Stubbs,  publicist. 

ToMAS  S.  Varela. 

Writers  of  Papers. 


Luis  Agote. 

F^Lix  Aguilar. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

Lorenzo  Anad6n. 

Roberto  Beder. 

Carlos  P.  Berra. 

guillermo  a.  bosco. 

Hugo  Broggi. 

Julio  L.  Catoni. 

H.  H.  Clayton. 

Emilio  E.  Dagassan. 

Pablo  T.  Delavan. 

Enrique  Feinmann. 

James  H,  FiTz  Simon. 

Col.  BenjamIn  GarcI a  ApARiciOi 


Genaro  Giacobini. 

Enrique  Gil. 

A.  EsTELLE  Glancy. 

Fernando  Gorriti. 

AuGusTo  Celestino  Gourdy. 

Isaac  Grinfeld. 

Enrique  M.  Hermitte. 

Crist6bal  M.  Hicken. 

Juan  B.  Lara. 

Jos^  Ingenieros. 

Rear  Admiral  Juan  A.  Martin. 

Candido  Pati5jo  Mayer. 

Julio  Me;ndez. 

AgustIn  Mercau. 


178 


REPORT  OF  THB   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 


A.  E.  MorAn. 
Jos6  Moreno. 
Galdino  Negri. 

Sra.  Ernestina  a.  L6pez  de  Nel- 
son. 
Ernesto  Nelson. 

SiLVESTRE   OlIVA. 

C.  D.  Perrine. 

p.    RUEDA. 


Iberio  San  Roman. 
Eduardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 
RiCARDo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 
Antonio  F.  Solari. 
Jos6  Le6n  Suarez. 
Juan  D.  Susini. 
ToMAS  S.  Varela. 
Julio  VatIn. 

M.  L.  ZiMMER. 


BOLIVIA. 
Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Ignacio  Calder6n,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of  the  delegation. 

Constant  Lurquin,  director  of  the  Meteorological  Observatory  of  Sucre; 
professor  of  mathematics,  Normal  School  of  Sucre. 

Delegates  of  Societies  and  Institutions. 

Alberto  Diez  de  Medina,  former  member  of  the  congress;  ex  charg^ 

d'affaires  to  Brazil. 
His  Excellency  Alberto  Guti]6rrez,  diplomatist,  minister  of  Bolivia  to 

Ecuador. 
Constant  Lurquin,  director  of  the  meteorological  observatory  of  the 

Medical  Institute  of  Sucre. 
Col.  Elias  Sagarnaga,  surgeon  of  the  Bolivian  army;  director  of  hygiene 

of  La  Paz ;  professor  of  medicine. 


Luis  Arce  Lacaze. 
Rafael  Canedo. 
Henri  de  Genst. 
Emilio  Jacobs. 
Constant  Lurquin. 
Henri  Mettewie. 
NESTOR  Morales  Villaz6n. 


Writers  of  Papers. 

RiGOBERTO   PaREDES. 

Arturo  Posnanski. 
Georges  Rouma. 
Antenor  SoLfz. 
Carlos  Tejada  Sorzano. 
Ignacio  Teran. 

BRAZIL. 
Official  Delegates. 


His  Excellency  Sr.  Domicio  da  Gama,  ambassador  to  the  United  States, 
chairman  of  the  delegation. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  1 79 

His  Excellency  Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima,  envoy  extraordinary  and 
minister  plenipotentiary  of  Brazil;  member  of  the  Brazilian  Acad- 
emy of  Letters,  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature  of  England, 
of  the  Royal  Spanish  Academies  of  Language  and  History,  and 
of  the  Portuguese  Academy;  official  delegate  of  the  State  of  Sao 
Paulo. 

Jos6  RodrIgues  da  Costa  Doria,  physician,  former  governor  of  the 
State  of  Sergipe;  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives; 
official  delegate  of  the  State  of  Bahia. 

Delegates  of  Societies  and  Institutions. 

A.  G.  DE  Araujo  Jorge,  of  the  ministry  of  foreign  office  of  Brazil. 
Vital  Brazil,  director  Butantan  Institute  of  Sao  Paulo;  professor  of  the 

University  of  Sao  Paulo. 
Vicente  Licinio  Cardoso,  civil  engineer  of  the  Polytechnic  School  of 

Rio  de  Janeiro. 
His  Excellency  Domicio  da  Gama,  ambassador  to  the  United  States. 
Feliciano  Mendes  de  Moraes,  Jr.,  civil  engineer  of  the  Polytechnic 

School  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  electrical  engineer  of  Montefiore, 

Liege. 
Rodrigo  Octavio,    member   of    the    Brazilian   Academy   and   general 

counselor  of  the  Republic. 
Joaquim  de  Oliveira  Botelho,  physician;  member  of  the  National 

Academy  of  Medicine  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  of  the  Royal  Academy 

of  Genoa. 
His  Excellency  Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima,  ex-envoy  extraordinary  and 

minister  plenipotentiary  of  Brazil. 
Luiz  Betim  Paes  Leme,  engineer  of  the  Ecole  des  Pontes  etChaussees 

de  Paris;  director,  South  American  Fuel  Co. 
Jos6  RoDRiGUES  DA  CosTA  DoRiA,  professor,  faculty  of  medicine  of 

Bahia. 
Pedro  Souto  Maior. 

John  Casper  Branner,  president  Leland  Stanford  University. 
William  Deming. 

William  Gorgas,  Surgeon  General  United  States  Army. 
Antonio  Carlos  Simoens  da  Silva,  lawyer  and  publicist;  president  of 

the  Historical  and  Geographical  Institute  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 
Pedro  Siqueira  Campos,  civil  engineer. 
QlinTon  D.  Smith,  former  director  Agricultural  School  of  Piracicaba, 


i8o 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 


Writers  ol  Papers. 


Alfredo  de  Almeida  Rusell. 

A.  G.  DE  Araujo-Jorge. 

Theodoro  Bayma. 

Mayor  Liber ato  Bittencourt. 

Vital  Brazil. 

Clemente  Ferreira. 

A.  Childe. 

Max  Fleiuss. 

Chrysanto  Freire  de  Brito. 

Victor  Godinho. 

Arturo  GuimarAes. 

JOS6   LiNHARES. 

H,  C.  Martins  Pinheiro. 

JOAQUIM  DE  OlIVEIRA  BoTELHO. 

Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima. 
Luiz  Betim  Paes  Leme. 
jos]6  m^ndes. 
Alvaro  de  Menezes. 


rodrigo  octavio. 

Comendador  Tiburtino  Mondim 
Pestana. 

Clodomiro  Pereira  da  Silva. 

Reynaldo  Porchat. 

Antonio  dos  Reis  Carvalho. 

Emilio  Ribas. 

]ost  Rodrigues  da  Costa  Doria. 

E.  Roquette  Pinto. 

Gastao  Ruch  Sturzenecker. 

Alberto  Santos  Dumont. 

Luiz  Frederico  Sauerbronn  Car- 
penter. 

Alfredo  Balthazar  da  Silveira. 

Antonio  Carlos  Simoens  da  Silva. 

Clinton  D.  Smith. 

Pedro  Souto  Maior. 

Manuel  Tavares  Cavalcantl 


CHILE. 


Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica,  ambassador  to  the  United 
States;  chairman  of  the  delegation. 

Julio  Philippi,  professor  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute;  lawyer;  professor 
of  public  finance  in  the  University  of  Chile;  first  secretary  of  the 
Chilean  delegation  to  the  Third  Pan-American  Conference;  coun- 
selor of  the  Chilean  delegation  to  the  Fourth  Pan-American  Con- 
ference ;  vice  chairman  of  the  delegation. 

Alejandro  Alvarez,  former  counselor  to  the  ministry  of  foreign 
relations;  counselor  to  the  Chilean  legations  in  Europe;  mem- 
ber of  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration  at  The  Hague;  sec- 
retary general  of  the  American  Institute  of  International  Law. 

Daniel  Armanet  Fresno,  civil  engineer,  honorary  secretary  of  the 
delegation. 

RiCARDO  Cox  M^ndez,  former  minister  of  war,  and  member  of  the 
Chilean  Congress. 

Javier  Diaz  Lira,  member  of  the  bar  of  Santiago;  member  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science. 

Jos6  Mar! A  Galvez,  professor  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute. 


REPORT   Olf   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAIy.  l8l 

Jorge  Mery,  captain  in  the  Chilean  Navy. 

Teodoro  Muhm,  surgeon;  professor  of  experimental  physiology  in  the 
School  of  Medicine,  Santiago  de  Chile. 

Javier  RodrIguez  Barros,  professor  in  the  Medical  College,  Santiago. 

Dario  E.  Salas,  professor  in  the  University  of  Chile;  professor  of  peda- 
gogy, Pedagogical  Institute  of  Chile. 

Ramon  Saigas  Edwards,  civil  engineer;  professor  of  general  Hydraulics^ 
Catholic  University. 

Arturo  E.  Salazar,  professor  of  electro-technical  science  and  indus- 
trial physics,  University  of  Chile;  former  professor  of  general 
physics.  Naval  School  of  Chile. 

Moists  Vargas,  assistant  secretary  of  the  ministry  of  transportation; 
professor  of  administrative  law,  University  of  Chile. 

Delegates  of  Societies  and  Institutions. 

Eduardo  Carrasco  Bascunan,  lawyer;  chief  of  the  commercial  depart- 
ment of  the  ministry  of  foreign  affairs. 

Enrique  Cuevas,  former  counselor  of  the  Chilean  embassy;  assistant 
secretary  of  foreign  affairs. 

Jos6  Mar! a  Galvez. 

Ai<bErto  KornER,  physician;  delegate  ad  honorem  of  the  Chilean  Gov- 
ernment. 

Teodoro  Muhm. 

Julio  Philippi. 

DarIo  E.  Salas. 

Ram6n  Salas  Edwards. 

Arturo  E.  Salazar. 

Enrique  Soro,  author  of  the  Pan  American  Hymn;  artistical  direct 
of  the  National  Conservatory  of  Music. 

His  Excellency  Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica. 

Moise;s  Vargas. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Alejandro  Alvarez.  Julio  Foster. 

Domingo  Amunategui  Solar.  Ismael  Gajardo  Reyes. 

Francisco  Araya  Bennett.  Luis  Galdames. 

Julio  Besnard.  ]ost   Maria  Galvez. 

Joaquin  Cabezas.  Walter  Knoche. 

Eduardo  Carrasco  Bascunan.  Ramon  A.  Laval. 

Alvaro  Covarrubias  Arlegui.  Srita  Gabriela  Mandujano 

Enrique  Cuevas.  Santiago  Marin  Vicuna. 

HoRACio  Echegoyen,  Jos^  Maza. 


1 82  report  of  the  secretary  general. 

Fernando  MontessusdeBallore.  Arturo  E.  Salazar. 

A.  MoRAGA  Porras.  Carlos  Silva  Cruz. 

Teodoro  Muhm.  Justiniano  Sotomayor. 

AuRELiANO  OyarziJn.  Guillermo  Subercaseaux. 

His  Excellency  Eduardo  Poirier.  Luis  Thayer  Ojeda. 

I.  Marcial  Rivera.  Max  Uhle. 

DarIo  E.  Salas.  Moise;s  Vargas. 

Ram6n  Salas  Edwards.  Carlos  Year. 

colombia 

Official  Delegates. 

Roberto  AncIzar,  lawyer,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  secretary  of  the 

legation  in  the  United  States. 
Phanor  J.  Eder,  lawyer. 
Franz  Hederick,  professor  of  modem  languages,  University  of  Bogota; 

representative  of  the  press  of  Colombia;  secretary  of  the  dele- 
gation. 
TuLio  OspiNA,  rector  of  the  School  of  Mines,  Medellin ;  former  rector  of 

the  University  of  Antioquia;  president  of  the  Historical  Academy 

of  Antioquia;  member  of  the  Geological  Society  of  France,  and 

of  the  Academy  of  Science  of  California. 
Eduardo  RodrIguez  PinerES,  lawyer;  ex-president  of  the  Colombian 

Academy  of  Jurisprudence;  honorary  member  of  the  Academy  of 

Legislation  and  Jurisprudence  of  Madrid. 
CalixTo  Torres  Umana,   surgeon.  National  University  of  Colombia; 

chief  of  the  clinic  in  the  faculty  of  medicine;  ex-president  of  the 

Society  of  University  Medicine. 

Delegates,  Societies  and  Institutions. 

Rafael  Alvarez  Salas,  dvil  engineer;  director  general  of  the  Pacific 
Railroad  in  Colombia. 

Gen.  Carlos  Cuervo  Marquez,  former  minister  of  foreign  affairs,  war, 
and  public  instruction;  president  of  the  National  Academy  of 
History.  , 

Phanor  J.  Eder,  secretary  comparative  law  bureau. 

Francisco  Escobar  Campuzano,  mining  engineer;  vice  president 
National  School  of  Mines,  Medellin. 

Meliton  Escobar  Larrazabal,  civil  engineer;  member  of  the  Engineer- 
ing Society  of  Colombia. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 83 

LEopoIvDO  MonteJO,  director  of  the  bureau  of  information,  legation  of 

Colombia. 
tulio  ospina. 

Eduardo  Rodriguez  Pineres. 
Francisco  F.  Urrutia,  former  minister  of  foreign  affairs. 

Writers  ol  Papers. 

Jorge  Alvarez  Heras.  Tulio  Ospina. 

Carlos  Bravo.  Luis  Alfredo  Otero. 

Gen.  Carlos  Cuervo  Marquez.       Arcesio  Penagos. 

Luis  Lopez  de  Mesa.  Paulo  Pinzon. 

Ricardo  Lleras  Codazzi.  Calixto  Torres  Umana. 

A.  Manrique  Martin.  Eduardo  Rodriguez  Pineres. 

Gonzalo  Mejia.  Miguel  Triana. 

Carlos  de  Narvaez  Q.  Jos6  A.  Vargas  Torres. 

Alfredo  Ortega. 

costa  rica. 

Official  Delegates. 

Eduardo  J.  Pinto,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  director  of  the  Inter- 
national Bank  of  Costa  Rica. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Manuel  Castro  Quesada,  envoy  extraordinary  and 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States. 

Delegates,  Societies  and  Institutions. 

Luis  Anderson,  laywer;  ex-minister  of  foreign  afifairs,  public  instruction 

and  Justice;  former  minister  to  Washington,  Mexico,  El  Salvador, 

and  Nicaragua. 
Hon.  John  Bassett  Moore,  former  counselor  to  the  State  Department. 
Roberto  Brenes  MesiSn,  former  minister  of  Costa  Rica  to  the  United 

States;  former  secretary  of  foreign  afifairs  and  public  instruction. 
His  Excellency  Manuel  Castro  Quesada,    envoy  extraordinary  and 

minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States. 
Luis  Felipe  Gonzalez,  minister  of  public  instruction  and  professor  of 

higher  education. 

Writers  ol  Papers. 

Roberto  Brenes  Mes^n.  Luis  Matamoros  Sandoval. 

Mauro  Fernandez.  Gustavo  Michaud. 

Felipe  Gallegos.  Louis  Schapiro. 

ElI as  Leiva  Quir6s.  Fidel  Tristan, 


184  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

CUBA. 
Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Carlos  Manuel  de  C^spedes,  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of 
the  delegation. 

ArIstidES  Agramonte,  professor  in  the  school  of  medicine,  National 
University. 

Rafael  Mar! a  Angulo,  member  of  the  bar  of  Habana. 

Jos6  Comallonga,  professor  in  the  school  of  agronomy,  National  Uni- 
versity; agricultural  engineer. 

Juan  Santos  Fernandez,  president  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine, 
Physics,  and  National  Sciences  of  Habana. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Juan  de  Dios  GarcIa  Kohly,  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  Holland;  member  of  the  Perma- 
nent Court  of  Arbitration  at  The  Hague. 

Juan  Guiteras,  director  of  the  health  bureau,  department  of  public 
health  and  charities;  member  of  the  national  board  of  health; 
professor  in  the  school  of  medicine.  National  University;  direc- 
tor of  the  National  Hospital  for  Infectious  Diseases. 

Mariano  Gutierrez  Lanza,  S.  J.,  assistant  director  of  the  astronomical 
observatory  of  Bel6n  College,  of  Habana. 

Mario  G.  LBbredo,  chief  of  the  bureau  of  laboratory  investigations 
and  study  of  infectious  diseases,  department  of  public  health  and 
charities. 

Jos6  Carlos  Millas  y  Hernandez,  architect;  assistant  director  of  the 
National  Observatory  of  Cuba. 

Luis  Montana,  physician  and  professor  of  anthropology,  University 
of  Habana;  member  of  the  Society  of  Americanists  of  Paris; 
honorary  member  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Habana;  asso- 
ciate member  of  the  Argentine  Scientific  Society. 

Fernando  Sanchez  de  Fuentes,  member  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives from  the  Province  of  Habana;  professor  and  secretary  of 
the  faculty  of  law  in  the  National  University;  ex-chairman  of  the 
committee  on  codes  and  jurisprudence.  House  of  Representatives 
of  Cuba. 

Sim6n  Sarasola,  S.  J.,  di  :ector  of  the  observatory,  Montserrat  College, 
Cienfuegos. 

Moists  A.  Vieites,  member  of  the  bar  of  Habana;  counselor  to  the 
>Ierchants  Aid  Association  and  the  "Centro  Gallego"  of  Habana, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 85 

Jos6  Ramon  Villal6n,  secretary  of  public  works;  professor  in  the 
National  University;  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers;  member  of  the  Academy  of  Physical  and  Natural 
Sciences  of  Habana;  member  of  the  Cuban  Society  of  Engineers; 
colonel  in  the  "Ej^rcito  Libertador." 

Delegates,  Societies  and  Institutions. 

ARisTroEs  Agramonte. 

Rafael  MarIa  Angulo. 

Luis  A,  Baralt,  president  National  League  of  Education  of  La  Habana, 

professor  of  English  language  and  literature  in  the  Institute  of 

Habana. 
Juan  Miguel  Dihigo. 
Juan  Santos  Fernandez. 

OcTAVio  GiBERGA,  member  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Havana. 
Juan  Guiteras. 

Mariano  Gutie;rrez  Lanza,  S.  J. 
John  R.  Johnston. 
Luis  MontaniS. 

Rafael  Montoro,  secretary  to  the  presidency  of  Cuba. 
Antonio  Sanchez  de  Bustamante  y  Sirven;  Senator  of  the  Republic 

and  professor  of  international  law. 
Fernando  Sanchez  de  Fuentes. 
Sim6n  Sarasola,  S.  J. 
Jose;  Ram6n  Villal6n. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Aristides  Agramonte.  Juan  Guiteras. 

Rafael  Maria  Angulo.  Mariano  Guti:6rrez  Lanza,  S.  J. 

Luis  A.  Baralt.  John  R.  Johnston. 

Luis  G.  y.  Carbonell.  Mario  G.  Lebredo. 

JOS6  COMALLONGA  Y  MENA.  JoRGE   LE   RoY  Y   CaSSA. 

Jos^  Isaac  del  Corral.  Jos6  Carlos  Millas  y  Hernan- 

J.  T.  Crawley.  dez. 

Francisco  Etchegoyen.  Luis  Montana. 

Juan  Santos  Fernandez.  Fernando  Sanchez  de  Fuentes. 

Antonio  Galan,  S.  J.  Simon  Sarasola,  S.  J. 
His    Excellency    Juan    de    Dios    Antonio  L.  Valverde. 

Oarcia  Kohly.  '  Moists  A.  Vieites, 


1 86  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 
Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.   Armando  P6rEz  Perdomo,  envoy  extraordinary 

and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of 

the  delegation. 
Francisco  J.  Peynado,  ex-minister  to  the  United  States;  member  of 

the  international  high  commission;  permanent  delegate  to  the 

Pan  American  Financial  Conference. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Andres  J.  MoNTOLio,  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  International 
Law;  former  minister  of  public  instruction  and  justice;  justice  of 
the  supreme  court. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

ArIstides  Fiallo  Cabral.  Andres  J.  MoNTOLio. 

Federico  Velazquez. 

ECUADOR. 
Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Gonzalo  S.  Cordova,  envoy  extraordinary  and  min- 
ister plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of  the  dele- 
gation. 

Miguel  H.  AlcIvar,  professor  in  the  University  of  Guayaquil;  surgeon 
in  the  general  hospital;  president  of  the  Society  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery  of  Guayas. 

C6sAR  D.  Andrade,  surgeon  of  the  University  of  Quito. 

VfcTOR  Manuel  PenaherrERA,  professor  of  law,  Central  University  of 
Quito. 

Secretary  of  the  Delegation. 

Rafael  Penaherrera. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

His  Excellency  Gonzalo  S.  Cordova,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 

plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States. 
Francisco  Manrique,  civil  engineer. 
VicTOR  Manuel  Penaherrera. 


REPORT  OF  The;  secretary  general.  187 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Ce;sar  D.  Andrade.  VfcTOR  Manuei.  Penaherrera. 

GUILLERMO    DESTRUGE.  JqS^   GabRIEI.  NavARRO. 

SixTo  MarIa  Duran.  pgDRo  Pablo  Traversari. 

Alfredo  Espinosa  Tamayo.  i^uis  G.  Tufino. 

Francisco  Manrique. 

guatemala. 

OfSclal  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  JoaquIn  Me;ndEz,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of  the  delegation. 

Adrian  Recinos,  assistant  secretary  of  foreign  relations;  member  of  the 
faculty  of  law  of  Guatemala. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Antonio  BaTres  Jauregui,  former  minister  of  foreign  affairs  and  public 

instruction. 
Col.    Ramon  Bengochea,  consul  general  of  Guatemala  in  New  York 

City;  formerly  charge  d'affaires  in  Washington. 
Jose;  Matos,  professor  of  international  law  of  the  faculty  of  law  and 

notarial  practice;  former  assistant  secretary  of  foreign  affairs. 
Adrian  Recinos. 
RoDOLFo  RoBLES,  professor  faculty  of  Guatemala. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Col.  RoDOLFo  Aguilar  Batres.  Carlos  Nocedo. 

Fernando  Cruz.  Rafael  Pinol  Batres. 

Pedro  Galvez  Portocarrero.  Adrian  Recinos. 

Miguel  Larreinaga.  Rodolfo  RoblES. 

Manuel  Lemus.  Juan  J.  RodrIguez  Luna. 


JosiS  Matos. 


HAITI. 
Official  Delegates. 


Charles  Matron,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  member  of  the  faculty 
of  medicine,  Port  au  Prince,  and  an  officer  of  the  academy;  presi- 
dent of  the  Society  of  Tropical  Medicine  of  Paris;  vice  president 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  Port  au  Prince. 

IvEon  DejEan,  lawyer;  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Department  of  foreign 
Relations. 

EberlE  Firmin,  lawyer;  ex-charge  d'affaires. 


1 88  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Horace  Etheart,  general  inspector  of  public  education. 

Edmond  Heraux,  former  minister  to  London  and  former  minister  of 

finance. 
Gen.  F.  D.  Legitime,  former  President  of  the  Republic. 

Writen  of  Papen. 

L.  AuDAiN.  Charles  Mathon. 

Gen.  F.  D.  Legitime. 

HONDURAS. 
Official  Delegates. 

Carlos  Alberto  Ucl6s,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  rector  of  the 
University  of  Honduras;  president  of  the  Society  of  International 
Law  of  Honduras,  of  the  Literary  Scientific  Society  of  Honduras, 
and  of  the  cooperative  committee  of  Honduras. 

Fausto  Davila,  lawyer;  former  minister  to  the  United  States;  professor 
of  public  law  in  the  Central  University  of  Honduras;  ex-minister 
of  foreign  relations,  of  the  interior,  of  public  instruction  and 
justice;  delegate  to  the  Second  and  Third  Pan  American  Con- 
ferences; expresident  of  the  chamber  of  deputies;  justice  of  the 
supreme  court. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

R6mulo  E.  Dur6n,  secretary  of  public  education;  former  president  of 
the  supreme  court  of  justice. 

Luis  Landa,  director  general  of  public  education  and  professor  of  phy- 
sical and  natural  sciences. 

Antonio  A.  RamIrez  F.  Fontecha,  former  envoy  extraordinary  and  min- 
ister plenipotentiary  of  Honduras;  commissioner  from  Honduras 
to  the  San  Francisco  Exposition. 

Carlos  Alberto  Ucl]&s, 

RiCARDO  J.  Urrutia,  assistant  secretary  of  foreign  affairs  and  former 
minister  of  Honduras  to  El  Salvador. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Juan  Miguel  Callejas.  Samuel  LaInez. 

Bar6n  de  Franzenstein.  Luis  Landa. 

His  Excellency  Guillermo  Campos.  Antonio  Madrid. 

R6mulo  E.  Dur6n.  Antonio  A.  RamIrez  F.  Fontecha. 

Sbrapio Hernandez Y  Hernandez.  Bernab6  Salgado. 


REPORT  OP  The;  secretary  general.  189 

MEXICO. 
Official  Delegates. 

Manuei,  Gamio,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  inspector  general  of  archaeol- 
ogy in  Mexico;  professor  of  history,  Academy  of  Fine  Arts; 
ex-professor  of  archaeology  in  the  National  Museum;  professor  of 
ethnology,  Ethnographic  Institute. 

I/Uis  Castili.0  Led6n,  ex  director  of  the  National  Museum  of  Archae- 
ology, History,  and  Ethhology;  representative  of  the  Mexican 
Government  to  the  International  School  of  American  Archaeology 
and  Ethnology ;  ex  deputy  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress ;  member 
of  the  Historical  Academy  and  of  the  Geographical  and  Statistical 
Society. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Joaquin  D.  Casasus,  lawyer  and  internationalist;  former  ambassador  of 
Mexico  to  the  United  States;  (died  Feb.  25,  191 6). 

ToRiBio  EsQUivEL  Obreg6n,  formerly  minister  of  finance;  professor  of 
commercial  law  in  the  Columbia  University. 

Manuel  Gamio. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

JoAQuiN  D.  Casasus.  Arturo  L.  Guerra. 

ToRiBio  EsQuivEiv  Obregon.  Benito  Javier  P^Srez-VerdIa. 

Manuel  Gamio.  Guillermo  A.  Sherwell. 

NICARAGUA. 
Official  Delegates. 

Damaso  Rivas,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  professor  in  the  University 

of  Pennsylvania. 
Pedro  J.  Cuadra,  Ch.,  ex-member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Alejandro  C^sar,  physician  and  internationalist. 

lyUis  Felipe  Corea. 

J.  Alberto  Gamez,  former  professor  of  mathematics  and  former  assistant 

secretary  of  interior. 
Antonio  Lazo  Arriaga,  internationalist  and  former  minister  of  foreign 

affairs  of  Guatemala;  former  professor  of  constitutional  law. 


190  REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Writere  ot  Papers. 

Abraham  Alvarez  S.  Pedro  J.  Cuadra,  Ch. 

A.  AuBERT.  J.  Alberto  Gamez. 
Francisco  Buitrago  DIaz.  Damaso  Rivas. 
Alejandro  C^sar.  Andres  M.  ZtJNiga. 

PANAMA. 

Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Eusebio  A.  Morales,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minis- 
ter plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of  the  dele- 
gation. 

Narciso  Garay,  director  of  the  Conservatory  of  Music  and  Oratory  of 
Panama;  officer  of  the  Academy  of  the  French  Republic;  mem- 
ber of  the  technical  council  of  Panama. 

Edwin  Lefevre,  publicist. 

Nicolas  A.  Solano,  member  of  the  Canal  Zone  Medical  Association,  of 
the  American  Medical  Association;  police  and  prison  physician 
of  the  city  of  Panama;  ex-vice  chairman  of  the  municipal  council 
of  Panama. 

RAM6^I  N.  Valdez,  former  minister  to  the  United  States,  Belgium  and 
Great  Britain;  Vice  President  of  Panama;  deputy  and  counselor 
to  the  Government  of  Panama;  member  of  the  Permanent  Court 
of  Arbitration  at  The  Hague. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Narciso  Garay, 

Writers  of  Papers. 

RatJl  BrIn.  Jil  F.  Sanchez. 

Narciso  Garay.  Nicolas  A.  Solano. 

B.  A.  H.  Groth. 

PARAGUAY. 
Official  Delegates. 

Eusebio  Ayala,  chairman  of  the  delegation,  ex-minister  of  the  treasury 
and  of  foreign  relations;  professor  of  political  economy;  dele- 
gate to  the  board  of  jurists  of  Rio  de  Janeiro;  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  Mercantile  Bank  of  Paraguay. 

Pedro  Bruno  Guggiari,  director  of  the  National  College  of  Asuncion; 
professor  of  organic  and  analytic  chemistry,  National  University; 
member  of  the  national  board  of  industry  and  agriculture. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  I9I 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

AnTolIn  Irala,  professor  of  international  law  and  former  minister  of 

foreign  affairs. 
Luis  E.  Migone,  former  dean  faculty  of  medicine  of  Asuncion;  professor 

of  bacteriology,  faculty  of  medicine  of  Asuncion. 
Juan  F.  Pe;rez,  secretary  of  public  education. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Pedro  Bruno  Guggiari.  Juan  F.  Pe;rez. 

Antoun  Irai^a.  Luis  Zanotti-Cavazzoni. 

Luis  E.  Migone.  .  A.  de  Winkelried  BerTONi. 

PERtJ. 
Official  Delegates. 

Isaac  Alzamora,  lawyer,  chairman  of  the  delegation;  former  dean  of  the 
faculty  of  philosophy  and  literature,  Universidad  Mayor  de  San 
Marcos,  Lima. 

His  Excellency  Federico  A.  PezET,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States. 

Carlos  Morales  Macedo,  physician  and  surgeon  in  the  faculty  of 
medicine,  Universidad  Mayor  de  San  Marcos,  Lima;  Peruvian 
delegate  to  the  Seventh  Pan  American  Medical  Congress  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  1915. 

Julio  C.  Tello,  member  of  the  American  Anthropological  Society. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Isaac  Alzamora. 

Jos6  Angel  Caparo,  dean  of  the  department  of  electrical  engineering, 

University  of  Notre  Dame. 
Alejandro  O.  Deustua,  lawyer  and  professor,  Universidad  Mayor  de 

San  Marcos;  dean  faculty  of  philosophy  and  literature. 
Alberto  Giesecke,  rector.  University  of  Cuzco. 
RiCARDO  GoYBURU,  Abogado. 
Victor  Maurtua,  diplomatist;  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

of  Peru. 
Carlos  Morales  Macedo. 
Federico  A.  Pezet. 

48192—17 13 


19*  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAI*. 

Writers  ol  Papers. 

Jos6  Angel  Capar6.  Carlos  Morales  Macedo. 

RiCARDO  A.  Deustua.  His  Excellency  Federico  A.  Pezet. 

Edmundo  Escomel.  Enrique  RamIrez  Gast6n. 

Michel  Fort.  Juan  Jos6  Reinoso. 

Federico  G.  Fuchs.  Julio  C.  Tello. 

Carlos  I.  Lisson.  AgustIn  T.  Whilar. 
VfcTOR  Maurtua. 

SALVADOR. 
Official  Delegate. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Rafael  ZaldIvar,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Carlos  A.  Meza,  lawyer  and  secretary  of  the  legation  of  Salvador  to  the 

United  States. 
Alonso  Reyes  Guerra,  member  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration 

of  The  Hague;  former  professor  of  international  law. 
His  Excellency  Rafael  ZaldIvar,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 

plenipotentiary  of  Salvador. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Santiago  I.  Barberena.  Marguerite  Galharret. 

EusEBio  Bracamonte.  Rafael  Guirola  Duke. 

Mamuel  Castro  RamIrez.  Jeanne  Puch. 

Luis  Fleury.  Carlos  Renson. 

Pedro  S.  Fonseca.  Alonso  Reyes  Guerra. 

URUGUAY. 
Official  Delegates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Carlos  M.  de  Pena,  envoy  extraordinary  and 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of  the 
delegation. 

Carlos  A.  Belliure,  surgeon. 

Bernardo  Etchepare,  professor  of  psychiatrics  in  the  faculty  of  medi- 
cine, University  of  Montevideo. 

JusTo  F.  Gonzalez,  surgeon;  professor  of  hygiene  and  bacteriology 
and  chief  of  the  laboratory  of  the  Vilardeb6  Hospital. 

Juan  Monteverde,  professor  in  the  National  University  of  Monte- 
video; vice  chairman  of  the  advisory  board,  department  of 
engineering. 

Alfredo  P^rsico,  surgeon  in  the  faculty  of  medicine  of  Montevideo; 
ex-chief  of  the  therapeutic  clinic;  professor  in  the  department  of 
secondary  education,  University  of  Montevideo. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI^. 


193 


Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Adolfo  Berro  Garcia,  lawyer;  professor  of  the  faculty  of  law  and 

social  sciences  of  the  University  of  Montevideo;  member  of  the 

executive  council  of  the  faculty  of  law. 
Mario  Gil,  consul  general  of  Uruguay  in  New  York  City ;  former  member 

of  the  congress. 
Eduardo  MontevERDE,  professor.  National  University  of  Montevideo. 
His  Excellency  Carlos  M.  de  Pena,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 

plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States. 
Juan  Riva  Zuchelli,  civil  engineer. 
Alberto  Voulminot,  engineer. 


Writers  of  Papers. 


German  Barbato. 
Julio  A.  Bauza. 
Hamlet  Bazzano. 
Adolfo  Berro  GarcIa. 
Alberto  Boerger. 
Francisco  Capella  y  Pons. 
Federico  E.  Capurro. 

CONSTANCIO   CaSTELLS  E. 

Enriqueta  Comte  y  Rique;. 

Anibal  Chacon. 

Guillermo  Dotte. 

Pedro  Esquerre;. 

Bernardo  Etchepare. 

Julio  Etchepare. 

Pablo  Fontaina. 

Emilio  F0URN16. 

Eduardo  Garcia  de  Zuniga. 

JusTo  F.  Gonzalez. 

A.  Idiartegaray. 

JusTiNo  Jimenez  de  Ar^chaga. 

Bernardo  Kayel. 

Bautista  Lasgoity. 

Ram6n  IvOpez  Loeba. 

Guillermo  Lyons. 

J.  Maimo  Sarrasin. 

Juan  A.  Marquez. 


Rolf  Marstrander. 
Lieut.  Col.  SiLVESTRE  Mato 
Eduardo  Monte verde. 
Juan  Monteverde. 
Luis  Morandi. 
octavio  morato. 
RoDOLFo  Munoz  Oribe. 
Rafael  Munoz  Xim^nez. 
Atilio  Narancio. 
Mariano  PerEira  NtJi^Ez. 
Abel  J.  Pe;rez. 
Alfredo  P^rsico. 
Jose;  A.  Rampini. 
Eduardo  RogjS. 
Capt.  Julio  A.  Roletti. 
Santin  Carlos  Rossi. 
Joaquin  de  Salterain. 
Alfredo  Samonati. 
Roberto  Sundberg. 
Federico  Susviela  Guarch, 
Alejandro  Talice. 
Joaquin  Travieso. 
AuGusTo  Turenne. 
Alfredo  Vidal  y  Fuentes. 
J.  West. 


194  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAl,. 

VENEZUELA. 
Official  Deletates. 

His  Excellency  Sr.  Santos  A.  Dominici,  envoy  extraordinary  and  min- 
ister plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States;  chairman  of  the 
delegation. 

Jos6  L.  Andara,  jurist;  internationalist. 

Rafael  Gonzalez  Rincones,  professor  of  anatomy  in  the  faculty  of 
medicine,  University  of  Caracas;  ex-director  of  the  board  of 
health;  Senator  of  the  Republic;  member  of  the  Medical  Academy 
of  Caracas. 

Vicente  Lecuna,  engineer;  director  of  the  National  School  of  Profes- 
sions and  Trades  for  Men;  member  of  the  Historical  Academy; 
president  of  the  International  High  Commission  of  Venezuela; 
director  of  the  Bank  of  Venezuela. 

Delegates,  Societies,  and  Institutions. 

Simon  Barcel6,  member  of  the  Society  of  International  Law;  formerly 

charge  d'affaires  of  Venezuela  to  France. 
Nicolas  Veloz    Goiticoa,   diplomatist;    member  of    the  Venezuelan 

Society   of   International   Law,   and  of  the   High   International 

Commission. 
Andres  Ibarra,  director,  National  Agricultural  Association. 

Writers  of  Papers. 

Julio  C6sar  Bolet.  Francisco  A.  Risquez. 

M.  Delley.  Alberto  Smith. 

Rafael  Gonzalez  Rincones.  Luis  Ugueto. 

German  Jimenez.  Nicolas  Veloz  Goiticoa. 

Santiago  Key-Ayala.  Andres  Ybarra. 
Luis  R.  Dramas. 

central  american  international  bureau. 

Delegates. 

His  Excellency  GuillERMO  Campos,  minister  of  Honduras  to  Guatemala. 
Carlos  Lara,  former  minister  of  Costa  Rica  to  Guatemala. 

central  AMERICAN  COURT  OF  JUSTICE. 

J.  Rafael  OrEamuno,  secretary  Costa  Rican  legation  in  the  United 
States. 


APPENDIX  B. 
SECTION  I. 

ANTHROPOLOGY. 

Algo  acerca  de  la  linguisiica  holiviana,  by  Ignacio  Terdn. 

A  note  on  the  relative  complexity  of  male  and  female  brains  based  on  counts 
of  the  cerebral  stdci  in  association  areas,  by  E.  E.  Southard. 

Apuntes  sobre  arqueologia  venezolana,  by  Luis  R.  Oramas. 

A  short  notice  on  the  studies  of  the  subsection  of  archazology  of  the  National 
Museum  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  by  A.  Childe. 

Ceremonial  and  other  practices  on  the  human  body  among  the  Indians, 
by  Walter  Hough. 

Conveniencia  de  dictar  una  ley  uniforme  en  los  paises  americanos  para 
esiimular  y  proteger  el  estudio  y  la  recoleccion  de  material  arqu^oldgico 
y  antropologico,  by  Max  Uhle. 

Conveniencia  de  establecer  una  Sociedad  de  Folklore  Latinoamericano,  by 
Ram6n  A.  Laval. 

Conveniencia  de  una  legislacion  uniforme  en  los  paises  panamericanoi  para 
la  proteccion  de  las  antigiiedades  y  el  desarrollo  sistemdtico  de  las 
investigaciones  antropoldgicas  y  arqueologicas ,  by  Adrian  Recinos. 

Conveniencia  de  una  ley  uniforme  en  todos  los  paises  americanos ,  para  la 
proteccidn  y  el  estimulo  de  las  investigaciones  de  cardcter  cientiflco 
reconocido  que  tienen  por  objeto  el  estudio  y  recoleccion  de  material  y 
datos  antropoldgicos  y  arqueologicos ,  by  Georges  Rouma. 

Conveniencia  de  una  ley  uniforme  en  todos  los  paises  americanos  para  la 
proteccidn  y  estimulo  de  las  investigaciones  de  cardcter  cientifico 
reconocido  que  tienen  por  objeto  el  estttdio  y  recoleccidn  de  material  y 
datos  antropoldgicos  y  arqueologicos,  by  Abraham  Alvarez  S. 

Curvas  del  crecimiento  fisico  del  escolar  de  la  Paz  (Bolivia),  by  Georges 
Rouma. 

El  Instituto  Antropologico  Central  de  Mixico,  by  Manuel  Gamio. 

Estacion  paleolitica  de  Taltal,  by  Aureliano  Oyarziin. 

Estudio  de  la.  mancha  sacra  mongolica  en  La  Paz,  by  Nestor  Morales  Villazon. 

Estudio  sobre  la  conveniencia  de  una  ley  uniforme  en  todos  los  paises 
americanos  para  la  proteccion  y  estimulo  de  las  investigaciones  de 
cardcter  cientifico  reconocido  que  tienen  por  objeto  el  estudio  y  recoleccidn 
de  material  y  datos  antropoldgicos  y  arqueoldgicos,  by  Samuel  Lainez. 

Estudio  sobre  los  apellidos  en  Chile,  by  Luis  Thayer  Ojeda. 

195 


196  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Explorations  in  the  Ozark  Mountains  of  Missouri  and  Arkansas,   by 

Charles  Peabody, 
Food  plants  and  textiles  of  ancient  America,  by  William  E.  SafiFord. 
Humanizing  the  Sciences  of  Man,  by  Charles  F.  Lummis. 
Investigaciones  arqueologicas  en  Mexico,  by  Manuel  Gamio. 
La  arqueologia  americana  en  la  civilizacion  moderna,  by  Pedro  Pablo 

Traversari. 
La  deformacidn  artificial  del  crdneo  en  el  antiguo  Peru,  by  Carlos  Morales 

Macedo. 
La  fosita  cerebelosa  mediana  en  los  antiguos  crdneos  peruanos,  by  Carlos 

Morales  Macedo. 
La  trepanacidn  del  crdneo  y  su  representacidn  en  la  cerdmica  peruana^ 

by  Carlos  Morales  Macedo. 
Lenguas  indigenas  de  Guatemala,  by  Adridn  Rednos. 
Lexicology  of  the  Gods  of  the  Incas,  by  Josd  Angel  Capar6  y  P6rez. 
L' Homme  Fossile  Cubain,  by  Luis  Montana. 
Los  antiguos  cementerios  del  Valle  de  Nasca,  by  Julio  C.  Tello. 
Los  vasos  del  Pukard  de  tUcara  del  tipo  pelike  comparados  con  los  de  Machu 

Pichu,  by  Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 
Modern  populatians  of  America,  by  Franz  Boas. 

Notes  on  the  Folklore  of  the  Peruvian  Indians,  by  Federico  Alfonso  Pezet. 
On  the  predynastic  Egyptian  "boats"  painted  on  vases,  by  A.  Childe. 
Origen  del  hombre,  lugar  del  hombre  en  la  naturaleza,  problemas  de  la  evolu- 

cidn,  by  Antenor  Soliz. 
Origenes  etnogrdficos  de  Colombia,  by  Carlos  Cuervo  Mdrquez. 
Racial  factors  of  delinquency,  by  Tom  A.  Williams. 
Revisidn  de  las  Constituciones  Latino  Americanas,  by  Manuel  Gamio. 
Ruinas  indigenas  de  la  Republica  de  Guatemala,,  by  Fernando  Cruz. 
Signos  mongoloides  en  algunos  tipos  etnicos  del  aliiplano  andino,  by  Arthur 

Posnansky. 
The  Alaculoofs  and  Yahgans,  the  World's  Southernmost  Inhabitants,  by 

Charles  Wellington  Furlong. 
The  American  and  European  Child,  by  Paul  R.  Radosavljevich. 
The  Genesis  of  the  American  Indian,  by  Al^s  Hrdlcka. 
The  grindstones  of  the  primitive  inhabitants  of  Cabo  Frio,  Brasil,  by  Antonio 

Carlos  Simoens  da  Silva. 
The  Inca  people  and  their  culture,  by  Hiram  Bingham. 
The  Indians  of  "Serra  do  Norte"  Matto  Grosso,  Brazil,  by  E.  Roquette 

Pinto. 
The  origin  of  the  Indians  of  Central  and  South  America,  by  Jos^  Angel 

Capar6  y  P6rez. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  1 97 

The  passing  of  the  Indian,  by  James  Mooney. 

The  place  of  archaeology  in  human  history,  by  W.  H.  Holmes. 

The  Puehlo  ctUture  and  its  relationships ,  by  J.  Walter  Fewkes. 

The  rise  and  fall  of  the  Maya  civilization  in  the  light  of  the  monuments 

and  the  native  chronicles,  by  Sylvanus  Griswold  Morley. 
The  United  States  census  of  immigrant  stocks,  by  Daniel  Folkmar. 
Tribes  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  by  A.  L.  Kroeber. 
Variaciones  del  lambda  en  los  antiguos  crdneos  peruunos,  by  Carlos  Morales 

Macedo. 
What  the  United  States  has  done  for  anthropology ,  by  F.  W.  Hodge. 

SECTION  II. 

ASTRONOMY,  METEOROLOGY,  AND  SEISMOLOGY. 

Address  before  the  section  by  the  Chairman,  Robert  S.  Woodward. 

SUBSECTION  1. 

astronomy  and  geodesy. 

Algunos  fendmenos  de  criptocroismo  en  luz  solar  ultra-violeta  e  infra-roja,  by 

Gustavo  Michaud  and  J.  Fidel  Tristdn. 
Astronomical  Work  in  South  America,  by  S.  I.  Bailey. 
Contribufdo  para  o  estudo  da  or  agraphia  brasilica,  by  Gastao  Ruch  Stur- 

zenecker. 
Costs  of  primary  triangulation,  including  determinations  of  latitude,  longi- 
tude, and  azimuth,  by  William  Bowie. 
Costs  of  relative  gravity  determinations  by  aid  of  half-second  pendulums,  by 

William  Bowie. 
Determination  of  the  earth's  shape  by  simultaneous  astronomical  observations 

in  North  and  South  America,  by  Ernest  Brown. 
Desirability  and  practicability  of  covering  the  South,  Central,  and  North 

America  with  a  network  of  precise  triangulation,  by  R.  S.  Woodward. 
Desirability  and  practicability  of  extending  a  gravimetric  survey  over  the 

South,  Central,  and  North  American  areas,  by  R.  S.  Woodward. 
Investigation  of  the  pivots  of  the  i<)0  m.  m.  meridian  circle  of  the  Argentine 

National  Observatory  at  Cordoba,  by  M.  L.  Zimmer. 
Ligeros  apuntes  de  la  forma  en  que  se  hallan  establecidos  los  servicios  que 

tiene  a  su  cargo  el  Observatorio  Nacional  de  la  Repiiblica  de  Cuba,  by 

Luis  G.  y  Carbonell. 


198  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Los  trabajos  geodisicos  en  el  territorio  argentino,  by  Benjamin  Garcia 

Aparicio. 
Meridian  circle  work  at  the  La  Plata  Obersvatory,  by  Pablo  T.  Delavin 

and  F^lix  Aguilar. 
Metodologia  parcicU  de  ingenieria  aplicada  a  la  geodesia  y  topografia  by 

Adrian  Ruiz  Moreno. 
Progress  of  the  work,  optical  and  mechanical,  on  the  72-inch  reflecting  tele- 
scope for  the  Canadian  Observatory  at  Vancouver,  by  John  A.  Brashear. 
Sintesis  comparativa  grdfico  razonada  de  las  leyes  de  perpetuidad  de  calen- 

darios  actuales  y  proyectos  de  reforma,  by  Rodolfo  Aguilar  Batres. 
Some  indications  of  spiral  motion  in  our  stellar  system,  by  C.  D.  Perrine. 
Status  of  Magnetic  Surveys  in  South  America  by  the  Carnegie  Institution 

of  Washington,  by  L.  A.  Bauer, 
The  astrographic  catalogue  for  the  zones,  17°  to  2j°,  assigned  to  the  Chilean 

National  Observatory,  by  Israael  Gajardo  Reyes. 
Triangulacidn  topogrdfica  de  la  margen  derecha  de  los  rios   Yaguaron, 

Yaguxiron  Chico  y  Arroyo  de  la  Mina,  by  Julio  A.  Roletti. 
Stability  of  the  new  meridian  circle  of  the  Cordoba  Observatory,  by  A.  Estelle 

Glancy. 
Work  of  Mount  Wilson  Solar  Observatory,  by  F.  H.  Scares. 
Work  of  observatory  at  La  Plata,  Argentine,  by  W.  J.  Hussey. 
Work  of  the  Lick  Observatory:  (a)  A  t  Mount  Hamilton,  Col.;  (6)  In  Chile, 

South  America,  by  William  Wallace  Campbell. 

SUBSECTION  2. 
MBTBOROLOGY  AND  SBISMOLOGY. 

Agricultural  meteorology,  by  J.  Warren  Smith. 

A  tmospheric-electric  observations  aboard  the  "Carnegie,"  by  W.  F.  G.  Swann. 

Callendar  sunshine  recorder  and  some  of  the  world-wide  problems  to  which 

this  instrument  can  be  applied,  by  A.  E.  Douglass. 
Climatic  control  of  cropping  systems  and  farm  operations,  by  J.  F.  Voorhees. 
Contribucidn  a  la  meteorologia  colombiana,  by  Jorge  Alvarez  Heras. 
Determinacion  de  la  profundidad  de  la  costra  terrestre,  by  Galdino  Negri. 
El  clima  de  Cuba,  by  Mariano  Gutierrez  Lanza,  S.  J. 
Estado  actual  de  la  meteorologia  y  sismologia  en  Honduras,  by  Luis  Landa. 
Fluctuaciones   climatoldgicas  en  los  tiempos  histdricos,  by   Antonio  Ga- 

lan,  S.  J. 
Fog  forecasting  in  the  United  States,  by  H.  C.  Frankenfield. 
Forecasts  of  river  stages  and  floods  in  the  Ohio  Valley;  their  importance  to 

commerce  and  in  conserving  life  and  property,  by  W.  C.  Devereaux. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  1 99 

Forecasts  of  weather  favorable  to  an  increase  of  forest  fires,  by  Edward  A. 

Beals. 
Frecuencia,  cantidad  y  modalidades  de  la  lluvia  y  del  granizo  en  Villa  Colon 

{Montevideo)  en  el  periodo  1884-1914,  by  I^uis  Morandi. 
Frost  in  the  United  States,  by  Wm.  Gardner  Reed. 
Genesis  y  marcha  de  los  huracanes  antillanos,  by  Jose  Carlos  Millas  y 

Hernandez. 
Influence  of  Great  Lakes  upon  movement  of  high  and  low  pressure  areas, 

by  Henry  J.  Cox. 
Informe   del  Servicio   Meteorologico   y  Sismologico   de   El  Salvador,   by 

Santiago  I.  Barberena. 
Iniciacidn  al  estudio  de  la  relacion  heliometeorologica,  by  Germdn  Barbato 

and  Pedro  Esquerr6. 
Investigaciones   sobre  la  prediccion  de  las   variaciones    barometricas ,   by 

Sim6n  Sarasola,  S.  J. 
Measurements  of  solar  and  sky  radiation,  by  Herbert  H.  Kimball. 
Meteorologia  Boliviana,  by  Constant  Lurquin. 
Metodos  seguidos,  resultados  obtenidos,  organizacion  y  fines  del  ^'Servicio 

Geogrdfico  Militar,"  by  Silvestre  Mato. 
Monthly  storm  frequency  in  the  United  States,  by  C.  J.  Kullmer. 
Organizacion  de  las  observaciones  macrosismologicas  en  America,  by  Conde 

Fernando  Montessus  de  Ballore. 
Organizacion  General  de  los  Servicios  del  Instituto  Meteorologico  Nacional, 

by  Hamlet  Bazzano. 
Organization   of    meteorology  and  seismology  in   the    United   States,    by 

Charles  F.  Marvin. 
Primeros  pasos  de  Venezuela  en  el  campo  de  la  meteorologia;  climatologia  de 

Caracas  en  los  ultimo s  20  anos.     Algunas  consideraciones  acerca  de  la 

altura  media  anual  del  barometro  al  nivel  del  mar  en  Venezuela  y  de  la 

oscilacion  barometrica  diurna,  by  Luis  Ugiieto. 
Principales  bases   geo-fisicas  de   la    sismologia   moderna,  by  Santiago  I. 

Barberena. 
Resumen  de  la  organizacion  del  servicio  meteorologico,  by  Walter  Knoche, 
Rio  de  la  Plata — Generalidades — Infiuencias   meteor oldgicas,  by    Hamlet 

Bazzano. 
Sintesis  general  de  los  resultados  obtenidos  desde  su  fundacion  (igoo)  y  en 

sus  distintas  secciones  y  servicios  en  el  Instituto  Nacional  Fisico- 

Climatologico  de  Montevideo,  by  Luis  Morandi. 
Sleet  and  ice  storms  in  the  United  States,  by  H.  C.  Frankenfield. 
Snow  surveying:  Its  problems  and  their  solution,  by  J.  E.  Church,  jr. 


200  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Solar    activity,    cyclonic    storms,    and     climatic     changes,    by    Ellsworth 

Huntington. 
Som£  results  of  aerological  observations,  by  W.  R.  Blair. 
Temperature  conditions  at  New  Orleans,  as  influenced  by  sub-surface  drainage, 

by  Isaac  M.  Cline. 
Tests  sobre  m^teorologia  agricola,  by  Luis  G.  Tufino. 
The  Argentine  Weather  Service,  by  H.  H.  Clayton. 

The  collection  of  earthquake  data  in  the  United  States,  by  W.  J.  Humphreys. 
The  economic  aspect  of  climatology,  by  Edward  Lansing  Wells. 
The  Ferrel  doctrine  of  polar  calms,  and  its  disproof  in  recent  observations, 

by  Wm.  M.  Hobbs. 
The  meteorological  influences  of  lakes,  by  Eric  Rexford  Miller. 
The  pieionian  climatic  fluctuations,  by  H.  Arctowski. 
The  position  of  meteorology  among  the  sciences,  by  Chas.  F.  Von  Herrmann. 
The  principles  involved  in  predicting  high  stages  in  flashy  streams,  with 

special  reference  to  the  scheme  for  the  Savannah  River  at  Au^sta,  Ga., 

by  Eugene  D.  Emigh. 
The  river  service  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  by  Alfred  J.  Henry. 
The  thunderstorms  of  the  United  States  as  climatic  phenomena,  by  Robert 

De  C.  Ward. 
The  weather  and  climate  of  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  by  Alfred  H.  Thiessen. 
Thunderstorms,  by  Wm.  H.  Alexander. 

Tropical  rains;  their  duration,  frequency,  and  intensity,  by  Oliver  L.  Fassig. 
Wind  velocity  and  elevations,  by  W.  J.  Humphreys. 

SECTION  III. 

CONSERVATION  OF  NATURAL  RESOURCES. 

SUBSECTION  1. 
CONSERVATION    OP    MINERAL    RESOURCES. 

Conservation  and  economic  theory,  by  Richard  T.  Ely. 

Conservation  in  its  relation  to  industrial  evolution,  by  Ralph  Henry  Hess. 

Conservation  of  iron  ore,  by  C.  K.  Leith. 

Conservation  of  metals  by  the  recovery  and  use  of  scrap  metals  and  drosses, 

by  John  P.  Dunlop. 
Conservation  of  the  oil  and  gas  resources  of  the  Americas,  by  Ralph  Arnold. 
Conservation  of  the  phosphate  deposits  of  the  United  States,  by  W.  C.  Phalen. 
Government  control  of  minerals  on  public  lands,  by  J.  F.  Callbreath. 
Legal  and  economic  factors  in  the  conservation  of  oil  and  gas,  by  Roswell  H. 

Johnson. 


REPORT   Olf  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  20I 

Mine  accidents  and  uniform  records,  by  Albert  H.  Fay. 

Practical  difficulties  of  conserving  our  fuel  supply,  by  John  S.  Burrows. 

The  conservation  of  copper,  by  W.  H.  Emmons. 

The  conservation  of  human  energy,  by  Thomas  N.  Carver. 

The  Federal  Government  and  the  Nation's  mineral  resources,  by  W.   C. 

Mendenhall. 
The  saving  of  coal  through  the  employment  of  better  mining  methods,  by 

Frank  Haas. 
Valuation  of  Federal  coed  lands,  by  Floyd  W.  Parsons  and  R.  Dawson  Hall. 

SUBSECTJON  2. 

CONSERVATION    OF  FORESTS. 

Actitud  del  Gobierno  en  materia  de  bosques   nacionales. — Relacion  de  la 

selvicultura  con  el  desarrollo  futuro  de  Centra  y  Sud  America,  by  Elias 

Leiva  Quir6s. 
Actitud  del  Gobierno  en  materia  de   bosques  nacionales. — Relacidn  de  la 

selvicultura  con  el  desarrollo  futuro  de    Sud  America,  by  Horacio 

Echegoyen. 
A  forest  policy  for  a  nation,  by  Henry  S.  Graves. 
Conservacion  de  las  fuentes  naturales  de  riqueza,  agricultura,  irrigacidn  y 

selvicultura:  (a)  Actitud  del  Gobierno  en  materia  de  bosques  nacionales; 

(b)  La  relacion  de  la  selvicultura  con  el  desarrollo  futuro  de  Centra  y 

Sud  America,  by  Raiil  Brln. 
Contribution  a  la  exploracion  forestal  en  la  Patagonia  Austral,  by  Cristobal 

M.  Hicken. 
El  iambic  y  la  muerte  de  las  tacuuras  en  Sud  America,  by  A.  de  Winkelried 

Bertoni. 
Forest  problems  and  economic  development  in  South  America,  by  Raphael 

Zon. 
Government  control  of  grazing  on  the  public  lands,  by  Albert  F.  Potter.    . 
Scientific  forestry  for  Latin  America,  by  Barrington  Moore. 
South  American  forest  resources  and  their  relation  to  the  world's  timber 

supply,  by  Raphael  Zon. 
The  interdependence  of  forest  conservation  and  forestry  education,  by  J.  W. 

Tourney. 
The  lesson  of  forestry  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  by  Maj.  George  P.  Ahern. 


202  REPORT   OP  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

SUBSECTION  3. 
CONSERVATION    OF   WATER   FOR    POWER. 

Coordination  in  the  development  of  our  water-power  resources  with  other  uses 

of  water,  by  M.  O.  Leighton. 
MSmoire  sur  la  houille  blanche  au  BrSsil  et  ses  applications,  by  Luiz  Betira 

Paes  Leme. 
Principles  of  a  Federal  water-power  policy  for  the  public  lands  of  the 

United  States,  by  O.  C.  Merrill. 
State  regulation  of  water  power,  by  Halford  Erickson. 
The  people's  interest  in  water-power,  resources,  by  George  Otis  Smith. 
The  valuation  of  water  powers,  by  William  J.  Hagenah. 
The  water  power  resources  of  the  United  States,  by  M.  O.  Leighton. 

SUBSECTION  4. 
IRRIGATION. 

Adaptation  of  methods  of  applying  water  to  soils,  by  S.  T.  Harding. 

Irrigation  and  public  policy  in  Peru,  by  C.  W.  Sutton. 

Irrigation  districts  in  the  United  States,  by  Frank  Adams. 

Irrigation  in  the  United  States,  by  Samuel  Fortier. 

Public  control  of  irrigation  in  the  United  States,  by  R.  P.  Teele. 

Relation  between  quantity  of  irrigation  water  used  and  quantity  of  crop  pro- 
duced, by  John  A.  Widtsoe. 

Securing  settlers  for  private  irrigation  projects,  by  H.  G.  Shedd. 

State  aid  to  irrigation  and  swamp  land  reclamation  projects,  by  C.  E. 
Grunsky. 

The  combination  of  water  resources  for  irrigation  and  power  development, 
by  G.  G.  Anderson. 

The  doctrine  of  riparian  rights  {in  the  western  United  States),  by  A.  E. 
Chandler. 

The  irrigation  work  of  the  United  States  Indian  Service,  by  W.  M.  Reed. 

The  water  requirement  of  plants  as  infltienced  by  environment,  by  Lyman  J« 
Briggs  and  H.  L.  Shantz. 

Uniformity  of  distribution  of  moisture  in  soils,  by  P.  E.  Fuller. 

What  should  be  done  for  the  settler,  by  L  D.  O'Donnell. 

SUBSECTION  5. 
CONSERVATION    OF   THE   ANIMAL   INDUSTRY. 

Are  uniform  regulations  feasible  among  the  different  American  countries  for 
the  prevention  of  the  introduction  and  dissemination  of  diseases  of 
animals,  by  A.  D.  Melvin. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  203 

Catdlogo  de  los  peces  de  Guatemala,  by  Juan  J.  Rodriguez  Luna.    "* 
Cattle  raising  and  the  meat  industry  in   southern  Brazil,  by  Reynaldo 

Porchat. 
Convencion  internacional  americana  de  polieia  veterinaria — Posibilidad  de 

ajustarla  en  determinadas  condiciones,  by  Jose  Le6n  Sudrez. 
^Es  factihle  la  reglamenlacion  uniforme  entre  los  diferentes  paises  americanos 

para  la  prevencion  de  la  introduccidn  y  propagacion  de  las  enfermedades 

de  animales?  by  Julio  Besnard. 
SEs  factihle  la  reglamentacidn  uniforme  entre  los  diferentes  paises  americanos 

para  la  prevencidn  de  la  introduccidn  y  propagacion  de  las  enfermedades 

de  los  animales  "f — Prevencidn  y  extincidn  de  las  enfermedades  que 

diezman  a  los  animales,    by  Francisco  Ktchegoyen. 
^Es  factihle  la  reglamentacidn  uniforme  entre  los  paises  americanos  para  la 

prevencion  de  la  introduccidn  y  propagacidn  de  las  enfermedades  de 

animales? — Prevencidn  y  extirpacidn  de  las  enfermedades  destructoras 

de  animales,  by  Rafael  Mufioz  Ximenez. 
How  an  animal  grows,  by  H.  J.  Waters. 
Prevencidn  y  extirpacidn  de  las  enfermedades  destructoras  de  animales,  by 

Julio  Besnard. 
Recent  progress  in  the  development  of  methods  for  the  control  and  treatment 

of  parasites  of  live  stock,  by  B.  H.  Ransom. 
Relation  between  wool  and  mutton  production  in  North  and  South  American 

sheep  industries,  by  F.  R.  Marshall. 
The  function  of  live  stock  in  agriculture,  by  George  M.  Rommel. 
The  horse  in  rural  industry  and  recreation,  by  Carl  Warren  Gay. 
The  poultry  industry;  its  importance  in  agricultural  development,  by  Harry 

M.  Lamon. 
The  prevention  and  eradication  of  destructive  animal  diseases  and  the  effect 

upon  agriculture  and  the  meat  supply,  by  Archibald  R.  Ward. 
The  role  of  the  dairy  industry  in  a  system  of  national  agricultural  develop- 
ment, by  B.  H.  Rawl. 

SUBSECTION  6. 
CONSERVATION  OF   THE    PI^ANT   INDUSTRY. 

Algo  sobre  la  langosta  (Schistocerca  americana)  y  la  necesidad  de  una  con- 
vencidn  internacional  para  obiener  su  destruccidn,  by  Juan  J.  Rodriguez 
Luna. 

Conservacidn  de  las  plantas  industrials,  by  Rafael  Pinol  Batres. 

Cooperacidn  en  el  servicio  cuarentenario  de  plantas  entre  los  paises  pan- 
americanos,  by  John  R.  Johnston, 


204  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv. 

Cooperacidn  panamericana  en  la  ctiareniena  de  las  plantas,  by  Roberto 

Sundberg. 
Dipteros;  nuevos  pardsitos  de  la  "  schistocerca  peregrina,"  by  Carlos  Nocedo. 
El  manganeso  en  la  capa  arable  del  Uruguay,  by  J.  Maimo  Sarrasin. 
El  progreso  de  la  ciencia  agricola  en  Cuba,  by  J.  T.  Crawley, 
Pan  American  cooperation  in  plant  quarantine,  by  C.  L.  Marlatt. 
Plant  introduction   opportunities   open  to   all   the   Americas,   by   David 

Fairchild. 
Possibilities  of  intensive  agriculture  in  Tropical  America,  by  O.  F.  Cook. 
The  great  need  for  the  establishment  of  competent  bureaus  for  the  study  of 

injurious  insects  in  all  American  countries,  by  ly.  O.  Howard. 
The  Institute  of  Tropical  Agriculture  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  by  Herbert  J. 

Webber. 
Trabajos  fitoiecnicos  y  de  experimeniacidn  agricola  en  "La  Estanzuela," 

Uruguay,  by  Alberto  Boerger. 
Tropical  varieties  of  maize,  by  G.  N.  Collins. 

SUBSECTION  7. 
MARKETING    AND   DISTRIBUTION   OF   AGRICULTURAL   PRODUCTS. 

A  practical  market  system  for  our  large  cities,  by  G.  V.  Branch. 

Car  lot  distribution,  by  J.  S.  Crutchfield. 

Developing  foreign  markets  for  apples,  by  Clarence  W.  Moomaw. 

Efectos  de  la  apertura  del  canal  de  Panamd  sobre  la  distribucidn  de  productos. 
agricolas,  by  Eduardo  Carrasco  Bascunan. 

Financing  cooperative  marketing  associations,  by  W.  H.  Kerr. 

Great  central  markets  for  live  stock  and  meats,  by  Louis  D.  Hall. 

Improved  transportation  service  for  perishable  products,  by  G.  C.  White. 

Modern  retail  merchandising,  by  C.  C.  Parlin. 

Municipal  terminal  markets,  by  Cyrus  C.  Miller. 

Opportunities  afforded  the  railroads  of  the  United  States  for  profitable  agri- 
cultural development  'work,  by  T.  F.  Powell. 

Organization  by  consumers ,  by  Herbert  A.  Smith. 

Relation  of  the  Government  to  the  marketing  problem,  by  Beverly  T.  Galloway. 

Standardization  of  vegetables,  by  S.  J.  Cook. 

The  advisability  of  collegiate  courses  on  marketing  and  distribution,  by 
T.  N.  Carver. 

The  development  of  a  market  news  service,  by  Wells  A.  Sherman. 

The  economic  bearing  of  future  trading  in  agricultural  commodities,  by  Henry 
C.  Emery. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  205 

The  economic  trend  in  wholesale  methods  of  fruit  distribution,  by  Arthur  R. 

Rule. 
The  economic  value  of  the  auction  as  a  distributor  of  perishable  commodities, 

by  Victor  K.  McBlheny,  jr. 
The  effective  use  of  the  Panama  Canal  in  the  distribution  of  products,  by 

Charles  J.  Brand. 
The  extent  and  possibilities  of  cooperation,  by  C,  E.  Bassett. 
The  influence  of  supply  on  prices,  by  A.  U.  Chaney. 
The  marketing  of  farm  mortgage  loans,  by  C.  W.  Thompson. 
The  principles  and  practices  of  cooperation  applied  to  citrus  production  and 

distribution,  by  G.  Harold  Powell. 
Trading  in  grain  futures,  by  1,.  D.  H.  Weld. 
Transportation  of  perishable  commodities:  Need  of  cooperation  by  shippers 

with  carriers,  by  Eugene  F.  McPike. 
Truck  crop  marketing  on  a  large   scale  under  cooperative  principles,  by 

N.  P.  Wescott. 
Uniform  grades  and  standard  packages,  by  C.  T.  More. 

SECTION   IV. 

Address  before  the  section  on  education,  by  Philander  P.  Claxton. 
Address,  by  His  Excellency  the  Minister  of  Uruguay,  Carlos  M.  de  Pena. 

EDUCATION. 

SUBSECTION  1. 

ELEMENTARY   EDUCATION. 

Adaptation  of  the  course  of  study  of  the  elementary  school  to  needs  of  the  child, 

by  J.  N.  Deahl. 
Algunas  deficiencias  de  la  educacion  popular  en  la  America  Latina,  by 

Darfo  E.  Salas. 
Algunas  ideas  sobre  nuevas  orientaciones  de  la  ensenanza,  by  Abel  J.  Perez. 
SCudl  es  la  manera  mas  eficaz  para  la  preparacion  de  los  profesores  ele- 

mentales  de  las  escuelas  de  cada  clase?  by  Mariano  Pereira  Nunez. 
^Cudles  son  los  elementos  de  una  ley  efectiva  sobre  asistencia  obligatoria  en 

las  escuelas?     By  Emilio  Foumi^. 
SDeberia  ser  una  sola  escuela  la  unidad  local  de  administracion  en  el  distrito 

o  en  una  esfera  mas  amplia?  by  Enriqueta  Compte  y  Rique. 
Edad  y  demds  condiciones  en  que  debe  hacer  el  nino  el  primer  ano  o  sea  el 

noviciado,  en  la  escuela  elemental  para  no  perjudicar  swdesarrollo  fisico, 

by  Mariano  Pereira  Ndiiez. 
EducaQdo  physica,  intellectual  e  moral,  by  Liberato  Bittencourt. 


ao6  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Edvcational   and   social   economic   contributions   of   the   Panama-Pacific 

International  Exposition  to  Pan  American  interests,  by  Alvin  E.  Pope, 
El  Estado  y  la  musica  en  las  Americas,  by  Narciso  Garay. 
El  metodo  en  la  ciencia  pedagdgica,  by  Luis  Arce  Lacaze. 
El  porvenir  del  panamericanismo,  by  Peter  H.  Goldsmith. 
El  problema  de  la  edticcLcion  en  el  Ecuador,  by  A.  Espinosa  Tamayo. 
El  problema  de  la  educacidn  primaria  en  la  America  Latina,  by  Guillermo 

A.  Shervvell. 
SEn  que  proporcidn  deberd  sostenerse  la  instruccidn  elemental  por  im- 

puestos  locales  y  en  cudl  por  impuestos  del  Estado?    ^Cudles  deberdn 

ser  las  f actor es  determinantes  en  dicha  distribucidn?  by  Jeanne  Puch 

and  Marguerite  Galharret. 
Ensenanza  de  las    matemdticas  en  las  escuelas  publicas.      iCurdl  es  el 

mejor  sistema  para  la  ensenanza  de  las  matemdticas?  by  Rodolfo 

Munoz  Oribe. 
iEntre  que  limites  de  edad  debe  hacerse  obligatoria  la  asistencia  de  los  ninos 

a  la  escuela  primaria  elemental?    iC6mo  puede  hacerse  efectiva  la  ley 

de  asistencia  obligatoria  a  la  escuela  primaria  elemental?  by  Eduardo 

Roge. 
How  may  the  school  be  made  an  effective  health  agency?  by  Thomas  D.  Wood. 
La  Asociacion  Bibliogrdfica  Panamericana,  por  medio  de  la  Union  Pan- 

americana  de  Bibliotecas  Nacionales,  by  Carlos  Silva  Cruz. 
La  instruccidn  primaria  en  sus  relaciones  economicas  con  la  localidad  y 

el  Estado,  by  Dario  E.  Salas. 
La  instruccidn  publica  en  el  Paraguay,  by  Juan  F.  P^rez.    . 
Las  bellas  artes  en  la  instruccidn  publica  de  America,  by  Pedro   Pablo 

Traversari,  Jose  Gabriel  Navarro,  and  Sixto  Maria  Durdn. 
L'Education  Physiqus  en  Bolivie,  by  Henri  de  Genst. 
Motivos  de  una  ley  de  educacidn  comun,  by  Abel  J.  P6rez. 
Noticia  synthetica  do  ensino  no  Estado  de  Sao  Paulo,  by  Tiburtino  Mon- 

dim  Pestana. 
Panamericanismo  y  educacidn,  by  Ernes tina  A.  Lopez  de  Nelson. 
Provision  for  the  education  of  the  city  child,  by  Ernest  C.  Moore. 
Proyecto  sobre  educacidn  moderna,  by  Rodolfo  Robles. 
The  educational  value  of  endowment  for  public  schools,  by  John  A.  Brashear. 
The  essentials  of  an  ideal  compulsory  education  law,  by  John  B.  Quinn  and 

Ben  Blewett. 
Una  contribucidn  a  la  comprensidn  panamericana,  by  Jos4  Maria  Gdlvez. 
Value  of  the  kindergarten  in  the  public  school  system,  by  Lucy  Wheelock. 
What  remains  to  be  (^one  for  education;  wanted:  a  thoroughgoing  reform  in 

Pan  American  education,  by  Luis  A.  Baralt. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  207 

SUBSECTION  2. 
SECONDARY   EDUCATION. 

AgrictUture  in  secondary  schools  with  special  reference  to  the  State  of  Min- 
nesota, by  A.  V.  Storm. 

SCudl  deheria  ser  el  fin  primario  y  cudl  el  secundaria  de  las  altas  escuelas  de 
instniccidn?  by  Ernesto  Nelson. 

iCudl  deheria  ser  el  fin  primario  y  cudl  el  secundaria  de  las  altas  escuelas 
de  instriiccidn?  ?Hasta  que  punto  deberian  determinarse  los  cursos  es- 
colares  en  las  altas  escuelas  por  los  requisitos  de  admision  al  colegio  y 
hasta  qui  punto  por  las  exigencias  de  la  vida  industrial  y  civil?  by 
A.  M,  Ztiniga. 

i)  Cudl  sera  el  fin  primario  y  cudl  el  secundaria  de  las  altas  escu£las  de  ins- 
tru^cion?  $  Hasta  que  punto  deherdn  determinarse  los  cursos  escolares 
en  las  altas  escuelas  por  los  requisitos  de  admisidn  al  colegio  y  hasta 
que  punto  por  las  exigencias  de  la  vida  industrial  y  civil  f  by  Miguel 
Larreinaga. 

Historical  development  of  our  secondary  schools,  by  Elmer  Ellsworth  Brown. 

La  instruccion  inter mediaria,  by  J.  Alberto  Gamez, 

Los  fines  de  la  ensenanza  media,  by  Luis  Galdames. 

Los  fines  de  la  ensenanza  secundaria  en  los  paises  americanos,  by  Juan 
Monteverde. 

Los  idiomas  extranjeros  en  la  ensenanza  secundaria  de  Chile,  by  Graciela 
Mandujano. 

Should  public  vocational  training  of  high  school  grade  be  organized  as  a 
course  or  courses  in  the  regular  high  school,  or  in  a  separate  school 
established  primarily  for  vocational  training!     By  Edwin  G.  Cooley. 

The  changes  needed  in  American  secondary  education,  by  Charles  W,  Eliot. 

The  secondary  school  and  the  university,  by  Ernesto  Nelson. 

SUBSECTION  3. 
UNIVERSITY   EDUCATION. 

A  college  dormitory  system,  by  A.  W.  Harris. 

American  diplomas  abroad,  by  Felipe  Gallegos. 

SDeberdn  depender  las  universidades  y  colegios  sostenidos  por  fondos  pu- 
blicos,  de  poderes  independientes  o  autonomos  0  deberdn  estar  directa- 
mente  bajo  el  dominio  central  del  Estado?  by  Rafael  Canedo. 

S Deberian  depender  las  universidades  y  colegios  sostenidos  por  fondos  publi- 
co s,  de  poderes  independientes  y  autonomos ,  o  deberian  estar  directamente 
bajo  el  dominio  central  del  Estado  ?  by  Bemab^  Salgado. 
48192—17 14 


208  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

En  camino  hacia  la  Universidad  Panamericana,  by  Narciso  Garay. 
Extramural  activity  of  universities  from  the  governmental  point  of  view,  by 

Herman  G.  James. 
Extramural  services  of  State  and  endowed  universities,  including  university 

extension,  from  governmental  standpoint,  by  John  A.  Fairlie. 
Extramural  services  of  State  and  endowed  universities,  including  university 

extension,  from  the  humanistic  standpoint,  by  Edward  K.  Graham. 
Extramural  services  of  State  and  endowed  universities,  including  university 

extension,  from  the  humanistic  standpoint,  by  David  Snedden. 
Function  of  graduate  schools  in  the  universities  of  the  United  States,  by 

William  H.  Carpenter. 
La  ensenanza  de  las  matemdticas  generales  en  la  Universidad  de  La  Plata, 

by  Hugo  Broggi. 
La  fUosofla  cientifica  en  la  organizacidn  de  las  universidades,  by  Jos^ 

Ingenieros. 
The  duty  of  State-supported  universities  in  regard  to  scientific,  historical, 

economic,  and  political  research,  and  publication  of  such  research,  by 

A.  O.  Leuschner. 
The  mutual  recognition  of  academic  degrees,  including  reciprocity  in  the 

professions  of  law,  medicine,  dentistry,  atid  education,  by  Augustus  S. 

Downing. 
The  perpetuity  of  the  independent  college,  by  John  S.  NoUen. 
The  purpose  of  the  graduate  school,  by  Albion  W.  Small. 
The  relation  of  universities  to  public  service,  by  Frank  L.  McVey. 
The  status  of  the  university  professor  in  the  United  States,  by  Clyde  First. 
Things  .which  interest  university  students  in  the  United  States  as  compared 

with  the  interests  of  similar  students  in  Europe  and  Latin  America, 

by  John  DriscoU  Fitz-Gerald. 
Things  which  interest  university  students  in  the  United  States  as  compared 

with  the  interests  of  similar  students  in  Europe  and  Latin  America, 

bv  Harry  Ervvin  Bard. 

SUBSECTION  4. 

EDUCATION    OF   WOMEN. 

Education  of  women  as  related  to  the  welfare  of  chUdreri,  by  Julia  C.  Lathrop. 
SEn  que  proporcidn  es  conveniente  la  instrucciSn  mixta  en  las  escuelas  ele- 

mentales,    altas    escuelas,    colegios   y   universidades  9     by    Francisco 

Buitrago  Diaz. 
Finalidad  esencial  de  la  educacidn  de-  la  mujer,  by  Eduardo  Monteverde. 
SHasta  que  proporcidn  es  conveniente  la  instrticcion  mixta  en  las  escuelas 

elementales,  altas  escuelas,  colegios  y  universidades 9  by  Francisco  A. 

Risquez. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  209 

La  coedticacidn  en  la  Escuela  Normal  de  Siicre,  by  Emilio  Jacobs. 

The  college  woman  as  a  secretary,  by  Mary  Snow. 

The  ed%Lcation  of  the  nurse  for  the  home  and  the  community,  by   Miss 

Adelaide  M.  Nutting. 
The  education  of  women  as  measured  in  civic  and  social  relations,  by  Susan 

M.  Kingsbury. 
The  education  of  women  as  tested  by  her  civic  and  social  relations,   by 

Sophonisba  P.  Breckinridge. 
The  librarian:  the  library  and  the  education  of  the  people,  by  Lutie  E. 

Steams. 
The  new  profession  of  public  health  nursing  and  its  educational  needs,  by 

C.  E.  A.  Winslow. 
Well-being  of  children  as  determined  by  education  of  women,  by  Helen  C. 

Putnam. 

SUBSECTION  5. 
EXCHANGE   OP   PROFESSORS   AND   STUDENTS. 

Das  escolas  profissionaes.  Permuta  de  professores  e  alumnos,  by  Reynaldo 
Porchat. 

Exchange  of  professors  and  students  between  the  universities  of  the  United 
States  and  Central  and  South  America,  by  Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima. 

Exchange  of  teachers  between  Mexico  and  the  United  States,  by  G.  B. 
Winton. 

Intercambio  de  profesores  y  alumnos  y  reconocimiento  de  titulos,  by  Santiago 
Key-Ayala. 

Organizacidn  y  desarrollo  de  un  plan  para  el  cambio  sistemdtico  de  estu- 
diantes  y  profesores  entre  las  universidades  de  los  distintos  paises 
americanos.  Plan  para  obtener  un  reconocimiento  mutuo  de  los  grados 
tecnicos  y  profesionales  concedidos  por  las  instituciones  de  primera 
clase  en  las  distintas  republicas  americanas,  by  Domingo  Amu- 
ndtegui  Solar. 

Organizacidn  y  desarrollo  de  un  plan  para  el  cambio  sistemdtico  de  estudian- 
tes  y  profesores  entre  las  universidades  de  los  distintos  paises  ameri- 
canos. Plan  para  obtener  un  reconocimiento  mutuo  de  los  grados 
tecnicos  y  profesionales  concedidos  por  las  instituciones  de  primera  clase 
en  las  distintas  republicas  americanas,  by  Romulo  E.  Dur6n. 

Plans  for  bringing  about  a  mutual  recognition  of  educational  credentials, 
particularly  technical  and  professional  degrees  issued  or  granted  by 
institutions  of  the  first  rank,  by  Augustus  S.  Downing. 


2IO  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

The  development  of  cultural  ties  between  the  Republics  of  America  through 
the  interchange  of  professors  and  students,  by  Leo  S.  Rowe. 

The  organization  and  development  of  a  plan  for  the  systematic  exchange  of 
university  students  and  university  professors  between  the  several  Ameri- 
can Republics,  by  John  Bassett  Moore. 

SUBSECTION  6. 

ENGINEERING   EDUCATION. 

Cooperation  between  engineering  societies  and  engineering  schools,  by  John 
H.  Leete. 

Cooperation  between  engineering  societies  and  engineering  schools,  by  Fred- 
erick Remsen  Hutton. 

Cooperative  work  in  industrial  plants  in  connection  with  engineering  educa- 
tion, by  Louis  E.  Reber. 

Coordination  and  cooperation  within  and  between  technical  schools,  by 
Gardner  C.  Anthony. 

Engineering  edtication  in  the  United  States,  by  Charles  S.  Howe. 

Essential  physical  equipment  for  engineering  education,  by  C.  H.  Benjamin. 

Influence  of  technical  journals  on  engineering  education,  by  Thomas  T. 
Read. 

La  ensenanza  prdctica  de  la  Ingenieria,  by  Juan  Monteverde. 

Methods  of  teaching  ceramic  arid  cement  technology,  by  Arthur  S.  Watts. 

Methods  of  teaching  chemical  engineering,  by  M.  C.  Whitaker. 

Methods  of  teaching  electrical  engineering,  by  Dugald  C.  Jackson. 

Methods  of  teaching  highway  engitieering ,  by  Arthur  H.  Blanchard. 

Opportunities  and  problems  confronting  the  engineer  in  South  America,  by 
Elmer  I^.  Corthell. 

SQue  amplitud  fmede  tener  en  los  cur  so  s  escolares  de  ingenieria  una  pro- 
vechosa  prdctica  suplementaria  en  los  establecimientos  industriales? 
by  Justiniano  Sotomayor. 

Scientific  progress  and  invention  in  relation  to  engineering  education,  by 
Walter  Rautenstrauch. 

The  influence  of  technical  journalism  on  mining  education,  by  T.  A.  Rickard. 

The  practicing  engineer's  part  in  engineering  education,  by  R.  V.  Norris. 

The  relative  importance  of  general  training  in  engineering  branches  to  ex- 
treme specialization,  by  William  H.  Burr. 

The  significance  of  engineering  degrees  in  the  United  States,  by  Wm.  T. 
Magruder. 

The  study  of  engineering  edtication  by  the  joint  committee  of  the  National 
Engineering  Societies,  by  C.  R.  Mann. 


RHPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  211 

To  what  extent  may  college  courses  in  engineering  he  profitably  supplemented 
by  practical  work  in  the  shop?  To  what  extent  may  laboratory  work  in 
engineering  be  replaced  through  cooperation  with  industrial  plants?  by 
Arthur  A.  Hamerschlag. 

What  does  engineering  education  contribute  to  scientific  progress  atid  inven- 
tion? by  V.  Karapetoff. 

SUBSECTION  7. 
MEDICAL    EDUCATION. 

Conveniencia  de  crear  la  Escuela  Americana  de  Patologia  Tropical  en  una 
de  las  naciones  del  Sur.  Estudio  de  la  medicina  tropical  en  Europa- 
antes  de  la  guerra.  Estudio  de  la  medicina  tropical  en  America.  La 
Escuela  Americana  de  Medicina  Tropical,  su  objeto,  itnportancia  y 
oportunidad  by  Rafael  Gonzalez  Rincones. 

Correlation  of  the  purely  scientific  and  clinical  branches  in  the  under- 
graduate m,edical  curriculum,  by  B.  M.  Randolph. 

Development  of  a  fifth  year  in  medical  education  in  the  United  States,  by 
Samuel  W.  Lambert. 

Ensenanza  medica,  by  Teodoro  Muhm. 

Medical  education  in  the  United  States,  by  John  M.  Baldy. 

SQue  cdtedras  del  plan  de  estudios  de  una  escuela  medica  deben  ser  servidas 
por  doctor es  en  medicina  que  ejerzan  la  profesidn  de  medico?  by 
Carlos  Ybar. 

SQui  preparacion  deberd  exigirse  para  la  admision  en  las  escuelas  medicas? 
SCual  deberd  ser  el  minimum  de  requisites  exigidos  para  los  grades? 
SA  que  parte  de  la  facultad  de  una  escuela  medica  deberd  exigirse  la 
dedicacion  de  todo  su  tiempo  al  profesorado  y  a  la  investigacidn? 
SCudl  es  la  instruccion  m-ejor  que  puede  darse  por  doctores  consa- 
grados  a  la  prdctica  de  la  medicina?  by  Francisco  A.  Risquez. 

Relaciones  mSdicas  en  las  Americas,  by  Carlos  Morales  Macedo. 

State  control  of  medical  licensure,  by  Augustus  S.  Downing. 

The  amount  of  biological  knowledge  essential  for  the  student  beginning  the 
study  of  medicine,  by  Frederick  C.  Waite. 

The  development  of  entrance  requirements  in  medical  education  and  the 
effect  of  this  development  on  attendance  in  medical  colleges  of  the  United 
States,  by  D.  A.  K.  Steele. 

The  premedical  education  in  biology,  by  Paul  Bartsch. 

The  preparatory  and  college  education  in  the  Latin  American  colleges  in 
relation  to  the  studies  of  medicine  in  the  medical  schools  of  the  United 
States  of  A  merica,  by  Ddmaso  Rivas. 

Who  is  a  medical  practitioner?  by  Harlan  Hoyt  Horner. 


212  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

SUBSECTION  8. 
AGRICULTURAL   EDUCATION. 

A  decade  in  agricultural  education,  by  Andrew  M.  Soule. 

Agricultural  education,  by  E.  Davenport. 

Agricultural  ediication  in  county  schools,  by  H.  L.  Russell. 

Agricultural  extension  work,  by  G.  I.  Christie. 

Agricultura  scientifica  ou  ensino  agricola  no  Brazil,  by  Luiz  Frederico 
Sauerbronn  Carpenter. 

A  notional  system  of  agricultural  educatimv,  by  Henry  Jackson  Waters. 

Education  for  the  baccalaureate  degree  as  administered  in  agriculture^ 
colleges,  by  A.  C.  True. 

Instruccidn  agricola,  by  Jose  Comallonga  y  Mena. 

^Qu£  preparacidn  deherd  requerirse  para  admitir  alumnos  en  los  colegios  de 
agricultura  nacionales  y  del  Estado?  $Hasta  qu^  punto  en  los  colegios 
agricola  s  deberdn  ser  los  cursos  de  esttidios  tedricos  y  generales  y  hasta  qui 
otro  prdcticos  y  especificados?  ^En  qu4  grado  deberdn  dcterminarse  los 
planes  de  estudios  de  cualquier  colegio  de  esta  indole  for  las  condi- 
ciones  locales?  by  B.  H.  A.  Groth. 

The  agricultural  college  and  the  working  farmer,  by  Kenyon  L.  Butterfield. 

The  American  college  of  agriculture,  by  F.  B.  Mumford. 

SUBSECTION  9. 
INDUSTRIAL   EDUCATION. 

Cooperation  between  public  schools  and  organizations  of  employers  and 
employees  in  making  and  executing  plans  for  industrial  education,  by 
Arthur  Williams. 

Corporation  schools,  by  E.  H.  Fish. 

$Cudl  deberd  ser  el  lugar  de  la  instruccidn  industrial  en  el  sistema  escolar  de 
las  republicas  americanas?  by  Julio  C^sar  Bolet. 

SCvdl  deberd  ser  el  lu^ar  de  la  instruccidn  industrial  en  el  sistema  escolar  de 
las  republicas  americanas?  i  Deberd  sosienerse  con  impuestos  pu- 
blicos?  S Deberd  ser  considerada  como  una  funcion  del  sistema  publico 
escolar?  $  Deberd  darse  bajo  un  sistema  separado  y  bajo  una  organi- 
zacidn  aparte?  i,C6mo  y  hasta  que  punto  pueden  las  escuelas  indus- 
triales  cooperar  con  los  contratistas  de  obreros?  by  Henri  Mettewie. 

$Cudl  deberd  ser  el  liigar  de  la  instruccidn  industrial  en  el  sistema  escolar  de 
las  republicas  panamericanas?  i,  Deberd  darse  dentro  de  un  sistema 
separado  y  dentro  de  una  organizacidn  aparte?  ^ Deberd  ser  consi- 
derada como  una  funcion  del  sistema  publico  escolar?  II.  S Deberd 
sostenerse  con   impuestos?    III.  Forma   como   la   escuela   industrial 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  213 

puede  cooperar  por  medio  de  sus  alumnos  y  ex-alumnos  a  los  trahajos  y 
labor es  de  las  industrias,  fdhricas  y  obras  puhlicas.  Forma  como  las 
industrias,  fdhricas  y  obras  puhlicas  ptieden  facilitar  el  aprendizaje 
Prdctico  de  los  alumnos  de  las  escuelas  industriales ,  by  Joaquin 
Cabezas. 

SCudl  deheria  ser  el  lugar  de  la  instrvccidn  industrial  en  el  sisiema  de  las 
repiiblicas  americanas?  S  Deheria  ser  considerada  como  una  funcion 
del  sistema  publico  escolar?  ^Deheria  darse  hajo  un  sistema  separado 
y  bajo  una  organizacion  aparte?  by  Alfredo  Samojiati. 

Industrial  education  for  Latin  America,  by  Harold  E.  Eve.rly. 

National,  State,  and  local  support  of  industrial  education,  by  David 
Snedden. 

Readjustment  in  elementary  and  secondary  schools  in  response  to  changing 
industrial  and  social  needs,  by  L.  D.  Harvey. 

The  corporation  school,  by  F.  C.  Henderschott. 

The  need  of  an  industrial  education  in  an  industrial  democracy,  by  John 
Dewey. 

The  place  of  industrial  education  in  a  system  of  public  schools  of  a  self- 
governing  people,  by  E.  Davenport. 

The  training  of  girls  and  women  for  trades  and  industries,  by  Mary  S. 
Woolman, 

SUBSECTION  10. 

COMMERCIAL,   EDUCATION. 

Address  by  William  Jennings  Bryan. 

A  scientific  method  of  employing  office  help,  by  Sherwin  Cody. 

Commercial  education: 

In  Latin  America,  by  Edgar  Ewing  Brandon. 

In  England,  by  I.  L.  Kandel. 

In  Germany,  by  Frederick  Ernest  Farrington. 
Commercial  education  from  the  standpoint  of  business,  by  John  H.  Fahey. 
Commercial  education  from  the  standpoint  of  the  educator,  by  Edmund  J. 

James. 
Commercial  ediwation  in  secondary  schools,  by  Paul  Monroe. 
Commercial  education  in  secondary  schools,  by  David  Snedden. 
Commercial  preparation  through  corporation  schools,  by  Lee  Galloway. 
i,C6mo  puede  una  nacion  preparar  de  la  manera  mas  eficaz  a  sus  jovenes 

para  una  car r era  comer cial  que  deben  emprender,  hien  sea  en  dicha 

nacion  0  en  un  pais  extranjero?  papers  by  A.  Aubert,  Francisco  Araya 

Bennett,  M.  Delley,  Santiago  H.  Fitz-Simon,  Antonio  L.  Valverde, 

and  Agustin  T.  Whilar. 


214  REPORT   OP  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

El  comer cio  moderno  y  las  nuevas  orientaciones  de  la  ensenanza  comer cial, 

by  Isaac  Grinfeld. 
Elementary  commercial  education,  by  F.  G.  Nichols. 
Entrance  requirements  to  colleges  of  commerce,  by  David  Kinley  and  by 

W.  F.  Gephart. 
How  to  secure  properly  prepared  instructors  for  colleges  and  universities , 

in  courses  in  domestic  and  foreign  commerce,  by  James  C.  Egbert. 
Is  there  a  profession  of  business,  and  can  we  really  train  for  it?  by  Elliot 

H.  Goodwin. 
Preparacion  para  la  carrera  comercial  en  Chile.      Punto  de  vista  latino- 

americano  de  la  ensenanza  comercial,  by  Francisco  Araya  Bennett. 
Preparation  for  foreign  trade,  by  Andrew  J.  Peters. 
Preparation  for  trade,  domestic  and  foreign: 
From  the  standpoint  of  the  business  man,  by  J.  A.  Farrell. 
From  the  standpoint  of  the  educator,  by  Edwin  F.  Gay. 
Science  and  commerce,  by  William  C.  Redfield. 

Special  courses  for  commercial  study:  Statement  as  to  aim  and  achieve- 
ments since  establishment: 

Correspondence  schools,  by  T.  J.  Foster. 

University  extension  work  for  men  in  business,  by  Samuel  Mac- 
Clintock. 

Alexander  Hamilton  Institute,  by  Joseph  French  Johnson. 

Commercial  Museum  of  Philadelphia,  by  W.  P.  Wilson. 

The  National  City  Bank,  by  F.  C.  Schwedtman. 

Bureau  of  Commercial  Economics,  by  Francis  Holley. 
Special  schools  of  commercial  education,  college  and  university  grade: 

Georgia  School  of  Technology,  by  Kenneth  G.  Matheson. 

Tulane  University:  Cooperation  between  the  business  men  of  New 
Orleans  and  the  college  of  commerce  and  business  administration  of 
the  Tulane  University,  by  Morton  A.  Aldrich. 

University  of  Cincinnati:  The  college  of  commerce,  by  Frederick  C. 
Hicks. 

University  of  Oregon:  The  school  of  commerce,  by  Harry  B.  Miller. 

New    York    University:   Two-year  course  and    individtuUization   of 
training  for  business,  by  Jeremiah  W.  Jenks. 
Special  schools  of  secondary  grades:  Raison  d'etre,  character  and  method  of 
instruction: 

Commercial  high  school,  by  William  Fairley. 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  by  Edward  L.  Wertheim. 
The  curriculum  of  a  school  of  commerce,  by  Roswell  C.  McCrea. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  215 

The  graduate  school  of  business: 

Amos  Tuck  School  of  Administration  and  Finance,  Dartmouth  College, 
by  H.  S.  Person. 

Harvard  University:  Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration,  by 
Edwin  F.  Gay. 
The  proper  use  of  business  experts  from  the  business  world  in  class  instruc- 
tion on  domestic  and  foreign  commerce.     Symposium.     By  Roger  W. 

Babson,  Edward  N.  Hurley,  E.  T.  Gundlach,  Wallace  D.  Simmons, 

B.  Olney  Hough,  Harry  Erwin  Bard,  John  Franklin  Crowell,  and 

John  Clausen. 
The  teaching  of  special  subjects  in  the  collegiate  course  of  study  for  business, 
domestic  and  foreign: 

Languages,  by  Glen  Ivevin  Swiggett. 

Geography,  by  J.  Paul  Goode. 

Mathematics,  by  Everett  W.  Lord. 

History,  by  Wm.  R.  Shepherd.         ^ 

Governmsnt,  by  Jesse  S.  Reeves. 

Accounting,  by  John  B.  Geijsbeek  and  by  Donald  F.  Grass. 

Statistics,  by  E.  Dana  Durand. 

Banking  and  finance,  by  Charles  Lee  Raper. 

Business  law,  by  Ward  W.  Pierson. 

Business  ethics  and  psychology,  by  James  E.  Lough. 

Business  organization  and  administration,  by  Arthur  E.  Swanson. 
What  can  the  small  college  do  in  training  for  business?  by  George  W. 

Hoke. 

UNCLASSIFIED. 

As  principaes  associafoes  literarias  e  scientificas  do  Brasil  {1724.-1838),  by 

Max  Fleiuss. 

SECTION  V. 

ENGINEERING. 

Address  before  the  section,  by  the  Chairman,  Gen,  W.  H.  Bixby. 

SUBSECTION  1. 
CIVIL   ENGINEERING. 

Bascule  bridges,  by  J.  B.  Strauss. 

City  streets  and  pavements,  by  George  W.  Tillson. 

Contracting  and  regulating  works  at  mouths  of  rivers,  by  Elmer  L.  Corthell. 

Conveniencia  e  possibilidade  de  se  estabelecer  uma  bitola  uniforme  de  ferro- 

carril  na  Pan- Americana,  e  especialmente  no  Centra  e  Sul- America, 

by  Clodomiro  Pereira  da  Silva. 


2l6  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Conveniencia  y  posibilidad  de  establecer  en  Pan  America  y  especialmenie 

en  Centra  y  Sud  America  un  sistem^  jerroviario  con  trocha  uniforms, 

by  Carlos  Tejada  Sorzano. 
Cudl  es  la  trocha  que  mas  conviene  a  nuesira  red  ferrea,  by  Santiago  Marin 

Vicuna. 
Discusion  sintetica  del  trazado  del  eje  hidrdulico,  by  Ram6n  Salas  Edwards, 
El  esttuirio  del  Plata,  by  Francisco  P.  Miranda. 
Employment  and  behavior  of  concrete  and  reinforced  concrete  in  fresh  and 

saline  waters  under  the  servitude  of  waves  in  exposed  situations,  by 

Chandler  Davis. 
Engineering  and  scientific  work  of  the  United  States  Office  of  Public  Roads 

and  Rural  Engineering,  by  L.  W.  Page. 
Estudio  general  de  la  construccidn  y  conservacidn  de  carreteras  y  calles. — 

Estudio  de  una  calzada  automoviliaria,  by  A.  Manrique  Martin. 
Harbor  and  port  terminal  facilities  and  works,  by  H.  McL.  Harding. 
Ingenieria  general  en  Colombia,  by  Paulo  Pinz6n. 
Long-span  bridges  in  America,  by  Henry  S.  Jacoby. 
Mejora  en  el  Rio  Magdalena,  by  Miguel  Triana. 
New  York  State  canals,  by  William  B.  Landreth. 
Notas  sobre  vias  de  comunicacidn  en  la  Republica  del  Ecuudor,  by  Francisco 

Manrique. 
Obras  de  desagiie  de  la  regidn  sur  de  la  Provincia  de  Buenos  Aires,  by 

Agustin  Mercau. 
Observaciones  generates  sobre  el  regimen  de  los  cursos  de  agua  en  la  Repu- 
blica O.  del  Uruguay,  desde  el  punto  de  vista  de  la  construccidn  de 

puentes. — Solu^iones  adoptadas,  by  Federico  E.  Capurro. 
Public  roads  in  the  United  States,  by  J.  E.  Pennybacker. 
Sandy  seacoast  shore  protection,  by  B.  F.  Cresson,  jr. 
SituxiQao  e  desenvolvimento  de  vias  ferro-viarias  de  trans  parte  pelas  montanhas, 

by  Clodomiro  Pereira  da  Silva. 
Soils  in  relation  to  allowable  pressures  thereon,  by  Robert  A.  Cummings.  . 
The  best  type  of  construction  for  piers  and  quays  in  water  fronts  of  great 

depths  and  swift  currents,  by  J.  F.  Coleman. 
The  work  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States  Army,  by  Lieut.  Col.  E. 

Eveleth  Winslow. 
Trabajos  hidrogrdficos  en  el  Rio  de  La  Plata.     Nuevos  aparatos,  by  Agustin 

Mercau. 
Uniform  gauge  for  railways,  by  Fred  Lavis. 
Vertical  lift  bridges,  by  J.  A.  L.  Waddell. 


REPORT  OF  the;  secretary  general.  217 

SUBSECTION  2. 

MARINE    ENGINEERING. 

Merchant  marine,  by  Lewis  Nixon. 

Organization  of  the  technical  work  of  the  United  States  Lighthouse  Service  and 

its  coordination  with  other  Government  services,  by  George  R.  Putnam. 
Scientific  work  of  the  United  States  Navy,  by  Admiral  D.  W.  Taylor. 
Shallow-draft  boats  and  barges  for  inland  navigation,  by  L.  H.  Beach  and 

Charles  Keller. 
The  United  States  Coast  Guard  and  its  functions,  by  C.  A.  McAllister. 
United  States  Lighthouse  Service,  lighthouses,  fog  signals,  light-vessels,  and 

bux)ys,  by  George  R.  Putnam. 

SUBSECTION  3. 
ELECTRICAL   ENGINEERING. 

Aluminum  conductors  for  electric  transmission  lines,  by  Theodore  Vamey. 
El  cdlculo  exacto  de  las  lineas  de  transmisidn  con  admiiancia  dielectrica 

repartida  y  el  metodo  hiperbolico  complejo,  by  Arturo  E-  Salazar. 
Electrical  codes  and  standards,  by  Edward  B.  Rosa. 
Electric  power  transmission  and  distribution  systems;  present  status,  by 

Percy  H.  Thomas. 
Electrochemical  industries,  by  G.  A.  Roush. 
Flujo  electrico,  by  Bautista  Lasgoity. 
Industrial  applications  of  electricity,  by  Philip  Torchio. 
La  radiotelegrafia  en  el  Uruguay,  by  Bernardo  Kayel. 
Physical  aspects  of  radio  telegraphy,  by  John  L.  Hogan,  jr. 
Pastes  telegrdficos,  by  Guillermo  Destruge. 
Proyecto    de    "Conveticidn    Radiotelegrdfica   Panamericana,"    by   Contra 

Almirante  Juan  A.  Martin  and  Emilio  E.  Dagassan. 
Some  recent  developments  in  telephony  and  telegraphy,  by  Frank  B.  Jewett. 
The  electrification  of  transportation  lines,  by  Norman  Wilson  Storer. 
The  hydro-electric  utilization  of  Niagara  Falls  and  elsewhere,  by  Maurice 

Deutsch. 
Underground  cables,  by  H.  W.  Fisher, 

SUBSECTION  4. 

RECLAMATION,   SEWAGE,    AND   MUNICIPAL   WATER   SUPPLY. 

Algo  sobre  saneamiento  de  Guayaquil  (Ecuador),  by  Francisco  Manrique. 
Disposal  of  sewage  and  refuse  in  America,  by  Morris  Knowles. 


2l8  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL, 

Engenharia  sanitaria  e  ahastecimento  municipal  de  agua,  by  Clodomiro 

Pereira  da  Silva. 
Engineering  work  of  the   United  States  Reclamation  Service,  by  Arthur 

Powell  Davis. 
Ingenieria  Sanitaria.     Saneamiento  de  poblaciones,  by  Carlos  de  Nar- 

vdez  Q. 
Irrigation  and  drainage,  by  F.  H.  Newell. 
Laws  and  regulations  regarding  the  use  of  water  in  Pan  American  countries, 

by  Rome  G.  Brown. 
Municipal  water  supplies,  by  George  C.  Whipple. 
Reservoirs  for  municipal  water  supply,  by  Alfred  D.  Flinn. 
Sewers,  by  H.  de  B.  Parsons. 
Street  cleaning,  by  J.  W.  Paxton. 

The  final  disposition  of  city  sewage,  by  Rudolph  Hering. 
The  status  of  water  power  development,  by  H,  W.  Buck. 

SUBSECTION  5. 
MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING. 

Agricultural  implements  and  machinery,  by  E.  B.  McCormick. 

Chronocyclegraph  motion  devices  for  measuring  achievement,  by  Frank  B. 
Gilbreth  and  Lillian  M.  Gilbreth. 

Economy  of  steam  power  plants,  by  William  Kent. 

The  development  of  the  park  system  of  Washington,  by  Colonel  Wm.  W. 
Harts. 

The  gyroscope  as  applied  to  aerial  and  water  navigation,  by  Elmer  A. 
Sperry. 

Transportadores  aereos  en  el  interior  de  los  depdsitos  del  puerto  de  Monte- 
video, by  Eduardo  Garcia  de  Zufiiga. 

SUBSECTION  6. 
STANDARDS,  SURVEYS,  PARKS,  BUILDINGS,  NOMENCLATURE. 

Acceptance  tests  of  electrical  apparatus,  by  Clayton  H.  Sharp. 
Engineering  and  other  scientific  work  of  the  United  States  Coast  and  Geo. 

detic  Survey,  by  E.  Lester  Jones. 
Engineering  work  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  by  R.  B.  Marshall. 
Metodo  de  notacion  diagonal,  by  Rodolfo  Aguilar  Batres. 
Tobias  de  coordenadas  rectangulares  para  arcos  sexagesimales  y  centesimales 

de  diez  en  diez  segundos,  by  Iberio  San  Romdn. 
The  work  of  the  United  Stales  Bureau  of  Standards,  by  S.  W.  Stratton. 
Una  nueva  propiedad  involutiva  de  poligon-os  afectos  a  una  cdnica,  by  Jos6 

Isaac  del  Corral. 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  21 9 

SECTION  VI. 

INTERNATIONAL  LAW,  PUBLIC  LAW  AND  JURISPRUDENCE. 

Address  before  the  section,  by  the  chairman,  James  Brown  Scott. 
Address,  by  Elihu  Root. 

SUBSECTION  1. 

INTERN ATIONAI^   lyAW. 

Actitud  de  Colombia  hacia  el  arhitraje  internacional  y  el  arreglo  pacifico  de 

las  disputas  internacionales ,  by  Arcesio  Penagos. 
Actitud  de  las  naciones  americanas  hacia  el  arbitrage  y  el  arreglo  pacifico  de 

los  conflictos  internacionales,  by  Eusebio  Bracamonte. 
Actitvd  de  los  paises  americanos  hacia  el  arbitraje  internacional  y  el  arreglo 

pacifico  de  las  disputas  internacionales,  by  Benito  Javier  P^rez-Verdia. 
Arbitraje  internacional  y  codificacidn  del  derecho  internacional,  by  Antonio 

Madrid. 
Are  there  specific  American  problems  of  international  law?  by  John  Foster 

Dulles. 
SCdmo  puede  persuadirse  mejor  a  los  pueblos  de  los  paises  de  America  de  los 

deberes  y  res  pons  abilidades  del  Estado  en  el  derecho  internacional?  by 

Juan  de  Dios  Garcia  Kohly. 
SDeberia  codificarse  el  derecho  internacional?  y  en  ese  caso  Sdeberia  hacerse 

por  gestiones  de  los  Gobiernos  0  por  sociedades  cientificas  privadas? 

by  Alonso  Reyes  Guerra. 
Du  droit  a  la  securite  de  la  navigation  en  haute  mer  pour  tous  les  citoyens  des 

pays  americains,  by  Alejandro  C6sar. 
El  dia  de  America,  by  Adolfo  Berro  Garcia. 
El  Paraguay  y  America,  by  Juan  F.  P4rez. 
El  tratado  de  limites  de  igog  entre  el  BrasU  y  el  Uruguay  y  el  pacifismo 

americano,  by  Adolfo  Berro  Garcia. 
Estudio  del  derecho  internacional  en  los  paises  americanos  y  medios  por  los 

curies  puede  ser  mds  efectivo,  by  Jos^  Matos. 
Ha  problemas  especialmente  americanos  de  direito  internacional?  by  Chry- 

santo  Freire  de  Brito. 
Ha  problemas  especialmente  americanos  de  direito  internacional?  by  Manuel 

Tavares  Cavalcanti. 
SHay   problemas  de  derecho  internacional  especialmente  americanos?  by 

Manuel  Castro  Ramirez. 
Historia  diplomatica  do  Brasil  francez  no  seculo  XVI;  Historia  diplomatica 

do  Brasil  hollandez  durante  0  seculo  XVII,  by  A.  G.  de  Araujo-Jorge. 


220  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

How  can  the  people  of  the  American  countries  best  be  impressed  with  the 

duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  State  in  international  law,  by  David 

Jayne  Hill. 
Inaugural  address,  by  Charles  Noble  Gregory. 
La  actitud  de  los  paises  americanos  hacia  el  arbitrage  internacional  y  el 

arreglo  pacifico  de  las  disputas  internacioncUes,  by  Francisco  Capella  y 

Pons. 
"La  gran  guerra   euro  pea  y  la  neu   tr  alidad  de   Chile"  por  Alejandro 

Alvarez,  by  Eduardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 
La  solucidn  pacifica  de  las  cuesiiones  internacioncUes  por  el  arbitraje,  by 

Adolfo  Berro  Garcia. 
La  unificacidn  del  derecho  internacional  en  el  continenie  americano,  by 

Victor  Maurtua. 
Le  droit  international  doit-il  etre  codifie?     Dans  le  cas  affirmatif  cette  codi- 
fication doit-elle  etre  faite  par  I'entremise  des  Gouvernements  ou  par 

celle  des  societes  scientifiques  particulieres?  by  Rodrigo  Octavio. 
Mision  del  Instituto  Americano  de  Derecho  Internacional,  by  AntoHn  Irala. 
On  the  new  orientation  that  has  become  necessary  in  the  study  of  international 

law.     Rapprochement  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Latin- American  schools, 

by  Alejandro  Alvarez. 
Pan  Americanism  in  the  light  of  the  traditional  international  policy  of 

Argentina,  by  Enrique  Gil. 
Problemas  internacionales  americanos,  by  Luis  Alfredo  Otero. 
Rapports  entre  le  droit   national  et  le  droit  international,  by  Alejandro 

Alvarez. 
Relofdo  do  direito  internacional  com  a  lei  nacional  nos  paizes  americanos, 

by  Jos^  Linhares. 
RelaQdo  entre  o  direito  internacional  e  o  direito  nacional  nos  paizes  ameri- 
canos, by  Jos6  Mendes. 
Should  international  law  be  codified?     And  if  so,  should  it  be  done  through 

governmental  agencies  or  by  private  scientific  societies?  by  Arthur  K. 

Kuhn. 
Should  international  law  be  codified?     And  if  so,  should  it  be  done  through 

governmental  agencies  or  by  private  scientific  societies?  by  Simeon  E. 

Baldmn. 
Should  international  law  be  codified:  and,  if  so,  should  it  be  done  through 

governmental  agencies  or  by  private  scientific  societies'^  by  Elihu  Root. 
Sociologia  e  direito.     Conveniencia  de  una  cadeira  de  sociologia  no  cur  so  de 

direito,  by  Reynaldo  Porchat. 
The  attitude  of  American  countries  toward  international  arbitration  and  the 

peaceful  settlement  of  international  disputes,  by  Jackson  H.  Ralston, 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  221 

The  attittide  of  American  countries  toward  international  arbitration  and  the 
peaceful  settlement  of  international  disputes,  by  Walter  Scott  Penfield. 

The  duties  and  obligations  of  neutral  Governments,  parties  to  The  Hague 
conventions,  in  case  of  actual  or  threatened  violations  by  belligerents  of 
the  stipulations  of  the  said  conventions,  by  Norman  Dwight  Harris. 

The  relation  of  international  law  to  national  law  in  American  countries,  by 
Geo.  Grafton  Wilson. 

The  relation  of  international  law  to  national  law  in  the  American  Repub 
lies,  by  John  Bassett  Moore. 

The  rdle  of  America  in  the  development  of  international  law,  by  I^o  S. 
Rowe. 

The  study  of  international  law  in  the  Americas  and  the  means  by  which  it 
may  be  rendered  more  effective,  by  Clement  L-  Bouv4. 

The  study  of  international  law  in  the  countries  of  America,  and  the  means 
by  which  it  may  be  made  more  effective,  by  James  W.  Garner. 

The  study  of  international  law  in  the  countries  of  America  and  the  means  by 
which  it  may  be  m,ade  effective,  by  Jacob  Gould  Schurman. 

What  means  should  be  provided  and  procedure  adopted  for  authoritatively 
determining  whether  The  Hague  conventions  or  other  general  interna- 
tional agreements  or  the  rules  of  international  law  have  been  violated? 
by  Edward  A.  Harriman. 

What  means  should  be  provided  and  procedure  adopted  for  authoritatively 
determining  whether  The  Hague  conventions  or  other  general  interna- 
tional agreements  or  the  rules  of  international  law  have  been  violated} 
by  Theodore  S.  Woolsey. 

SUBSECTION  2. 

PUBLIC    LAW. 

Derecho  y  procedimiento  criminal  en  lo  que  se  refiere  a  esfera  y  limites  de 

jurado,  by  Jos^  A.  Vargas  Torres. 
Derecho  y  procedimientos  criminates  con  especial  relacidn  a  la  esfera  y 

limites  de  los  procesos  ante  jurados,  by  Moists  A.  Vieites. 
Executive  responsibility  for  State  government  in  the  proposed  constitution 

for  New  York,  by  Jacob  Gould  Schurman. 
Gobiernos  presidenciales  y  parlamentarios  en  el  continente  americano,  by 

Rafael  Maria  Angulo. 
Gobiernos  presidenciales  y  parlamentarios  en  el  continente  americano,  by 

Fernando  Sanchez  de  Fuentes. 
Gobierno  y  responsabilidad,  by  Justino  E.  Jimenez  de  Ar^chaga. 
Inaugural  address,  by  Simeon  E.  Baldwin. 


222  RflPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Is  there  an  American  public  law  that  can  be  differentiated  from  that  of  other 

continents?  by  Robert  Ludlow  Fowler. 
La  dictature  ripvhlicaine  et  le  Gouvernement  bresilien,  by  Antonio  dos 

Reis  Carvalho. 
La  potestad  reglamentaria,  by  Moises  Vargas. 
La  proporcionalidad  en  la  representacidn  de  las  democracias.     Los  dife- 

rentes  sistemas  de  sufragio,  sus  cualidades  y  defectos  tedricos  y  prdcticos^ 

by  Jos^  Maza. 
On  the  historical  development  of  public  law,  by  Gordon  E.  Sherman. 
Presidential  and  Parliamentary  Government  on  the  American  Continent  in 

State  and  Nation,  by  Thomas  I.  Parkinson. 
Public  law  as  affecting  legal  procedure  in  civil  causes,  by  William  W. 

Smithers. 
Relaciones  entre  los  poderes  judicial  y  legislative,  by  Carlos  Bravo. 
Relaciones  entre  los  poderes  judicial  y  legislativo,  by  Eduardo  Rodriguez 

Pineres. 
The  effect  of  the  American  public  law  on  our  written  constitutions  in  their 

bearing  on  the  sovereignty  of  the  State,  by  Lucilius  A.  Emery. 
The  effect  of  American  public  law  on  our  written  constitutional  provisions 

making  treaties  law,  by  George  D.  Watrous. 
The  relations  of  public  law  to  international  private  law,  by  John  K.  Beach. 
The  Pan  American  Congresses,  by  Everett  P.  Wheeler. 
Theories  for  the  punishment  of  criminals,  by  Charles  F.  MacLean. 

SUBSECTION  3. 

JURISPRUDENCE. 

A  study  in  Mexican  law,  by  Thomas  W.  Palmer. 

Delicto  juvenil,  by  Alfredo  Balthazar  da  Silveira. 

El  Jurado,  by  Victor  Manuel  Penaherrera. 

How  may  lawyers  of  one   country  be   most   easily   and  effectively  made 

acquainted  with  the  laws  of  another  country?  by  Robert  P.  Shick. 
Is  law  a  science?  by  Eugene  Wambaugh. 
Organisafdo  judiciaria  e  especialmente  com,  relagdo  a  nomeagao  dos  juizes; 

organisafdo  e  funcgoes  dos  tribunaes  de  primeira  instancia,  by  Alfredo 

de  Almeida  Rusell. 
Organizacion  judicial,  con  particular  referenda  a  la  designacidn  o  eleccidn 

de  jueces  y  a  la  organizacidn  y  funciones  de  los  jueces  menores,  by 

Andres  J.  MontoHo. 
Recent  law  reforms  in  the   United  States  of  America,  by  Frederick  N. 

Judson. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAl,.  223 

Some  lessons  from  the  civil  law,  by  Edwin  M,  Borchard. 
The  extra-territorial  effect  of  criminal  statutes,  by  William  H.  Page. 
The  international  assimilation. of  law — Its  needs  and  its  possibilities  from 
an  American  standpoint,"  by  John  H,  Wigmore. 

SECTION  VII. 

MINING,  METALLURGY,  ECONOMIC   GEOLOGY  AND  APPLIED  CHEMISTRY. 

Address  before  the  section,  by  the  Chairman,  Hennen  Jennings. 
Address,  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Hon.  Frankhn  K.  Lane. 
Address,  by  His  Excellency  the  Minister  of  Peru,  Federico  A.  Pezet. 

SUBSECTION  1. 
MINING. 

Apuntes  sobre  la  riqueza  mineralogica  de  Veneztiela,  by  German  Jimenez. 
Bibliografia  de  la  geologia,  m,ineralogia  y  paleontologia  de  la  Republica 

Oriental  del  Uruguay,  by  Rolf  Marstrander. 
Buying  and  selling  of  South  American  nonferrous  metals,   by   lyudwig 

Vogelstein. 
Copper  in  America,  by  Walter  Harvey  Weed. 
Datos  para  la  historia  de  la  mineria  en  la  Republica  de  Guatemala,  by 

Manuel  Lenius.  . 
Extension  y  posible  explotacion  de  los  deposiios  de  borato  en  la  Argentina, 

by  Enrique  M.  Hermitte  and  Julio  Vatin. 
Informe  preliminar  sobre  las  riquezas  minerales  de  la  Republica  Oriental 

del  Uruguay,  by  Rolf  Marstrander. 
Iron  ores  of  the  Americas,  by  C.  K.  Leith. 

La  industria  del  petroleo  peruana  en  191 5,  by  Ricardo  A.  Deustua. 
Leyes  mineras  de  cada  pais  y  modificaciones  que  pueden  ser  hechas  para 

favorecer  la  explotacion  de  los  recursos  minerales. — Historia  de  la 

industria  minera  de  cada  pais  con  referenda  especial  a  los  principios 

de  esta  industria,  by  Jil  F.  Sanchez. 
Lifting  ground  water  by  compressed  air,  by  W.  L.  Saunders. 
Methods  and  costs  of  obtaining  crude  petroleum  in  California,  by  Thomas 

Cox. 
Mineral  production  of  Latin  America,  by  G.  A.  Roush. 
Mineria  y  cddigo  de  minas  de  Chile,  by  t,.  Julio  Foster. 
Mining  costs  and  selling  prices  of  coal  in  the  United  States  and  Europe 

with  special  reference  to  export  trade,  by  George  S.  Rice. 
Mining  in  Ecuador,  by  J.  W.  Mercer, 
48192—17 15 


224  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Mining,  the  pioneer  of  intimate  commercial  relations,  by  Frederick  F. 

Sharpless. 
Origin,  development,  and  present  status  of  United  States  mining  laws,  by 

J.  W.  Thompson. 
Placer  mining  methods  and  operating  costs,  by  Charles  Janin. 
The  American  Mining  Congress  and  its  work,  by  Carl  Scholz. 
The  fiiel  situation  in  the  Andean  plateaus,  by  Benjamin  Leroy  Miller  and 

Joseph  T.  Singewald,  jr. 
The  history  and  development  of  gold  dredging  in  Montana,  by  Hennen 

Jennings. 
The  mine  of  the  Chile  Exploration  Company,  Chuquicamata,  Chile,  by 

Pope  Yeatman. 
The  mining  laws  of  Colombia,  by  Phanor  J.  Eder. 
The  nitrate  industry,  by  Enrique  Cuevas. 
The  United  States  Bureau  of  Mines,  by  Van  H.  Manning. 
The  value  of  technical  societies  to  mining  engineers,  by  Rossiter  W.  Ray- 
mond. 
Uniformity  in  statistics,  by  Edward  W.  Parker. 
Value  of  mining  property:  A  discussion  of  the  relatians  between  northern 

capital  and  South  American  mines,  by  J.  R.  Finlay. 

SUBSECTION  2. 

METALLURGY. 

Assayiyig  in  the  United  States  Mint  Service,  by  Robert  W.  Woolley. 

Bolivian  tin  and  its  relation  to  the  United  States,  by  Howland  Bancroft. 

Coal  dust  firing  in  reverberatory  furnaces,  by  C.  R.  Kuzell. 

Concentracidn  por  flotacidn,  by  Federico  G.  Fuchs. 

Cuban  iron  mines  and  methods,  by  James  E.  Little. 

Estudio  sobre  concentracidn  y  metalurgia,  concretado  al  mineral  de  San 

Antonio  de  Oriente,  by  Juan  Miguel  Callejas. 
Improved  mining  and  metallurgical  methods  as  an  aid  to  conservation, 

by  L.  D.  Ricketts. 
Lead  and  zinc  resources  of  the  United  States,  by  C.  E.  Siebenthal. 
Metallurgical  operations  of  the  Chile  Exploration  Co.,  by  C.  A.  Rose. 
Metallurgy  of  the  concentrating  a^id  smelting  plants  of  the  Braden  Copper 

Co.,  by  R.  E.  Douglass  and  B.  T.  Colley. 
Metallurgy  of  the  native-silver  ores  of  southwestern  Chihuahua,  by  W.  M. 

Brodie. 
Metallurgy  of  tin  ores  in  Bolivia,  by  Scovill  E.  HoUister. 
Ore  dressing,  by  Robert  Hallowell  Richards. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  225 

Petroleum  and  asphalt  in  the  United  States,  by  Eugene  Wesley  Shaw. 

Recent  progress  in  electrical  smoke  precipitation,  by  F.  G.  Cottrell. 

Recientes  adelantos  en  la  prdctica  metaliirgica  en  el  Peru,  by  Michel  Fort. 

The  electric  furnace  in  metallurgy,  by  Joseph  W.  Richards. 

The  field  for  cyaniding  in  South  America,  by  Herbert  A.  Megraw. 

The  hydrofnetallurgical  treatment  of  complex  gold  and  silver  ores,  by  G.  Howell 

Clevenger. 
The   occurrence   and  preparation   of  radium   and   associated  metals,    by 

Charles  L.  Parsons. 
The  prospect  for  marketing  South  American  zinc  ore,  by  W.  R.  Ingalls.. 
The  storage  and  handling  of  explosives  in  mines,  by  Charles  E.  Munroe. 

SUBSECTION  3. 

ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY. 

Area  de  distribucion  de  los  yacimientos  petroliferos  y  estado  actual  de  su 

explotacion  en  la  Argentina,  by  Enrique  M.  Hermitte. 
Coal  fields  of  the  United  States,  considered  as  sources  of  supply  for  the 

Western  Hemisphere,  by  M.  R.  Campbell. 
Contrihucion  al  estudio  de  la  figura  de  la  Tierra;  sobre  el  notable  paralelismo 

de  los  sistemas  de  montanas  del  Globo,  by  I^uis  Matamoros  Sandoval. 
Edad  de  los  fosiles  peru^nos,  by  Carlos  I.  I^isson. 
Geologia  general  de  la  Republica  de  El  Salvador  en  lo  que  se  relaciona  con 

la  Mineria,  by  Luis  Fleury. 
Geologia  general  y  economica  de  Colombia,  by  Tulio  Ospina. 
Gold  and  silver  deposits  in  North  and  South  America,  by  Waldemar 

I^indgren. 
Los  yacimientos  de  los  mdnerales  de  wolfram  en  la  Republica  Argentina ^  by 

Roberto  Beder. 
Organization  and.  costs  of  geological  surveys,  by  David  White. 
Outline  of  the  petroleum  resources  of  Ecuador,  by  Cesar  D.  Andrade. 
Resena  geologica  del  Departamento  de  Cundinamarca — Cordillera  Oriental 

de  los  Andes  colombianos,  by  Ricardo  Lleras  Codazzi. 
The  coals  of  Brazil,  by  I.  C.  White. 
The  petroleum  resources  of  Mexico,  by  D.  T.  Day. 

The  phosphate  resources  of  the  United  States,  by  George  Rogers  Mansfield. 
The  public's  interest  in  mineral  resources,  by  George  Otis  Smith. 


226  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

SUBSECTION  4. 
APPLIED   CHEMISTRY. 

Acctdn  del  stUfato  de  manganeso  en  la  fermentacidn  vinica,  by  Juan  B.  Lara. 
A  simple,  efficient,  and  economic  filter.     Its  application  to  the  filtration  of 

the  yellow  precipitate  in  phosphoric  acid  estimations,  by  S.  L.  Jodidi 

and  E.  H.  Kellog. 
Chemical  research  as  a  directing  aid  in  the  effiderU  utilization  of  pine  forests, 

by  Chas.  H.  Herty. 
Contribucidn  al  andlisis  toxicoldgico  del  mercurio,  by  Carlos  Renson. 
Contribucion  al  estiidio  de  las  lacas  color eadas  que  forman  las  mater ias 

colorantes  oxhidrUadas  con  los  mordientes  oxidicos,  by  Pedro  Bruno 

Guggiari. 
Deter rmnacidn  del  oxigeno  activo  en  los  perboratos  y  polvos  para  lavar  per- 

boratados,  by  Pedro  Bfuno  Guggiari. 
Drying  oils  produced  in  the  Americas,  by  Henry  A.  Gardner. 
Dyestuffs  from  materials  native  to  Latin  American  countries,  by  Samuel 

P.  Sadtler. 
Food  and  efficiency,  by  Harvey  W.  Wiley. 
Paint  for  tropical  climates,  by  Maximilian  Toch. 

Pharmaceutical  products  from  Latin  American  drugs,  by  A.  R.  L.  Dohme. 
Rubber,  by  Percy  H.  Walker. 
Standard  methods  for  sampling  and  analyzing  coal,  by  A.  C.  Fieldner, 

G.  S.  Pope,  and  J.  D.  Davis. 
Standard  methods  of  sampling  and  analysis  and  standard  samples,  by 

Wm.  F.  Hillebrand. 
Tanning  materials  from  native  sources  in  Latin  American  countries,  by 

Thomas  H.  Norton. 
Th£  application  of  the  paper  pulp  filter  to  the  quantitative  estimation  of 

calcium  and  magnesium,  by  S.  L.  Jodidi  and  E.  H.  Kellog. 
The  cement  industry  and  its  future  development,  by  Edwin  C.  Eckel. 
The  genesis  of  the  Chilean  nitrate  deposits,  by  Joseph  T.  Singewald,  jr.,  and 

Benjamin  Le  Roy  Miller. 
The  interrelations  of  pure  and  applied  chemistry,  by  F.  W.  Clarke. 
The  manufacture  of  gasoline  and  benzene-toluene  from  petroleum  and  other 

hydrocarbons,  by  W.  F.  Rittman. 
The  value  of  scientific  research  and  laboratory  control  in  the  manufacture  of 

foods,  by  W.  D.  Bigelow. 
Water  purification  and  sewage  disposal,  by  William  Pitt  Mason, 


REPORT  O^  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  227 

SECTION   VIII. 

PUBLIC  HEALTH  AND  MEDICAL  SCIENCE, 

Address  before  the  section,  by  the  Chairman,  Gen.  W.  C.  Gorgas. 

SUBSECTION  1. 
PUBUC   HEALTH. 

A  historical  resume  of  the  investigations  of  yellow  fever  leading  up  to  the. 

findings  of  the  Reed  Board,  by  Geo.  M.  Sternberg. 
Antirahic  vaccination  in  Havana  with  statistics  compared  with  those  of  other 

nations,  by  Juan  Santos  Ferndndez. 
Beri-heri,  estudio  epidemiologico  y  experimental,  by  Mario  G.  Lebredo. 
Carlos  Finlay  on  the  house  m.osquitoes  of  Havana,  by  Frederick  Knab. 
Concepio  que  ha  guiado  en  la  creacion  del  Instituto  Modelo  de  Clinica 

Medica,  by  Luis  Agote. 
Concerning  the  chemical  nature  of  the  "vitamines,"  by  Robert  R.  Williams. 
Considerations  sur  la  fikvre  dite   "fievre  de  fruits,"  by  Charles  Mathon 

and  L.  Audain. 
Discovery  and  identification  of  the  stages  in  the  asexual  cycle  of  the  causative 

organism  of  Peruvian  Verruga,  by  Charles  H.  T.  Townsend. 
Dr.  Ernesto  Liceaga  and  yellow  fever,  by  T.  C.  Lyster. 
Immunity  to  yellow  fever,  by  H.  R.  Carter. 
Infantile  scurvy,  by  Alfred  F.  Hess. 
La  fievre  typhoide  en  Bolivie,  by  Nestor  Morales  Villazon. 
La  nutricion  en  la  altiplanicie  de  Bogota,  by  Calixto  Torres  Umana. 
La  profilaxia  de  la  fiebre  tifoidea  por  medio  de  la  vacunacion,  by  Justo  F. 

Gonzalez. 
Medical  preparedness  for  campaign,  by  Edward  L.  Munson. 
Metodo  de  Ascanio  para  la  coloracion  de  los  pardsilos  del  paludismo,  by 

Rafael  Gonzalez  Rincones. 
Metodos  modernos  para  la  prevencidn  de  la  mortcUidad  infantil,  by  Arturo 

L.  Guerra. 
Observaciones  sobre  parasitosis  iropicaies,  by  Rafael  Gonzalez-Rincones. 
On  the  inhibitory  properties  of  magnesium  sulphate  and  their  therapeutic 

application  in  cases  of  tetanus,  by  S.  J.  Meltzer. 
Present  views  in  respect  to  modes  and  periods  of  infection  in  tuberculosis , 

by  Mazyck  P.  Ravenel. 
Public  health  measures  in  relation  to  venereal  diseases,   by   William   F. 

Snow. 


228  REPORT   OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

ResumS  of  some  of  the  recent  studies  of  the  United  States  Public  Health 

Service  relating  to  the  causation  and  to  a  method  of  preventing  pellagra, 

by  Joseph  Goldberger. 
Review  of  the  present  yellow-fever  situation,  by  Aristides  Agramonte. 
Seroterapia  antipestosa  intensiva,  by  Jose  Moreno. 
The  epidemic  of  tiphus  exanthematicus  in  the  Balkans  and  in  the  prison 

camps  of  Europe,  by  Bert  W.  Caldwell. 
The  known  and  the  unknown  with  regard  to  the  etiology  and  prevention  of 

beri-beri,  by  Edward  B.  Vedder. 
The  mortality  from  cancer  in  the  Western  Hemisphere,  by  Frederick  L. 

Hoffman. 
The  parasitic  diseases  in  the  American  tropical  countries  and  their  effect 

upon  the  progress  of  civilization  among  the  Latin  American  people,  by 

Ddmaso  Rivas. 
The  relation  of  modes  of  infection  to  the  control  of  bacterial  diseases  in  Pan 

America,  by  M.  J.  Rosenau. 

SUBSECTION  2. 

VITAL   STATISTICS. 

Cinco  anos  de  demografia  uruguxiya,  by  Joaquin  de  Salterain. 
Cooperation  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  with  State  authorities  in  securing 

the  enactment  of  adequate  laws  for  the  registration  of  births  and  deaths, 

by  Richard  C.  Lappin. 
Desarrollo  de  la  estadistica  demogrdfica  en  la  isla  de  Cuba,  by  Jorge  Le-Roy 

y  Cassd. 
Infant  mortality  statistics,  by  Lewis  Meriam. 
Informs  sobre  el  desarrollo  de  la  estadistica  demogrdfica  en  la  Reptiblica  de 

El  Salvador,  by  Pedro  S.  Fonseca. 
Informes  referentes  a  la  morbosidad  infccto-contagiosa,  by  Julio  Etchepare. 
La  tuberculosis  en  el  Uruguay,  by  Joaquin  de  Salterain. 
Morbosidad  y  morlalidad  infecto-contagiosa  en  el   Uruguay,  by  Alfredo 

Vidal  y  Fuentes. 
The  accuracy  and  completeness  of  tompiled  vital  statistics  in  the  United. 

'    States,  by  John  S.  Fulton. 
The   Federal  registration  service  of  the    United  States:  Its   development, 

problems,  and  defects,  by  Cressy  L.  Wilbur. 
The  incidence  of  the  different  causes  of  mortality  in  Providence  for  fifty - 

five  years,  1856-jgio,  by  Charles  V.  Chapin. 
The  nature  and  significance  of  the  changes  in  the  birth  and  death  rates  in 

recent  years,  by  Walter  F.  Willcox. 


REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  229 

The  potential  influence  of  vital  statistics  on  the  conservation  of  human  life, 

by  W.  S.  Rankin. 
The  relation  of  sickness  reports  to  health  administration,  by  John  W.  Trask. 
Uniformacidn  de  las  estadisticas  demogrdficas  y  de  la  fecha  de  levantamiento 

de  los  censos  de  pohlacion  de  los  paises  panamericanos ,  by  Alvaro 

Covarrubias  Arlegui. 
Vital  statistics  in  relation  to  life  insurance,  by  Ivouis  I.  Dublin. 
Vital  statistics  in  the  States  and  cities  of  the  United  States,  by  William  H. 

Guilfoy. 

SUBSECTION  3. 

SOCIOLOGICAL   MEDICINE. 

Adrenalin  in  amoebic  dysentery,  by  Theodoro  Bayma. 

A  method  of  approach  in  teaching  sex  ethics  to  girls  and  young  women,  by 
William  R.  Manning. 

An  inquiry  into  the  causes  of  crime,  by  R.  B.  von  Kleinsmid. 

A  safe  and  sane  milk  supply,  by  John  Weinzirl. 

Autofrasias  mentales,  by  Fernando  Gorriti. 

Bebe:  Higiene  del  embarazo  y  de  la  primera  infancia,  by  Atilio  Narancio. 

Child  labor  and  public  health,  by  Owen  R.  Lovejoy. 

Climate  and  hygiene  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  by  Joaquim  de  Oliveira.Botelho. ' 

Climatologia  dos  Campos  do  Jorddo-S.  Paulo,  by  Victor  Godinho. 

Contribucion  al  estudio  de  la  etiologia  y  profilaxia  de  la  tuberculosis  desde  el 
punto  de  vista  sociologico,  by  Nicolas  A.  Solano. 

Creadon  de  tribunates  para  ninos  en  las  naciones  americanas,  by  Genaro 
Giacobini. 

Defensa  profUdctica  del  nino  de  las  enfermedades  infecciosas.  Creadon  de 
un  Instituto  Inter -A  mericano  de  Profilaxia  infantil '  de  las  enferme- 
dades infecciosas ,  by  Genaro  Giacobini. 

Educacion  de  los  ninos  nerviosos,  by  Bernardo  Etchepare. 

EducaciSn  fisica,  moral  e  intelectual  del  nino,  segun  la  ciencia  psicologica 
contempordnea,  by  Genaro  Giacobini. 

Educacidn  sexuul  de  los  jovenes  como  medio  profildctico  de  las  enferme- 
dades venereas,  by  Alfredo  Persico. 

El  asma:  sus  causas,  defectos  e  inconvenienies  de  un  solo  metodo  exclusive 
para  curarla,  como  el  metodo  de  Efraim;  necesidad  de  varios  trata- 
mientos  en  relacion  con  las  varias  causas  asmatogenas,  by  Jose  A. 
Rampini. 

El  ejercicio  m,uscular  de  la  respiracidn,  sistema  sueco,  ^es  fisiologico?  by 
A.  Moraga  Porras. 


23©  REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

El  problema  del  alcoholismo  y  sn  posible  solution,  by  Luis  Lopez  de  Mesa. 
El  trahajo  en  la  mujer  embarazada,  by  Augusto  Turenne. 
Ens  ay o  sobre  pro/Uaxia  de  la  sifUis  y  la  blenorragia,  by  Joaquin  Travieso. 
Examen  anatdmico  comparativo  del  sistema  nervioso  en  la  escala  animal,  by 

Genaro  Giacobini. 
Factory  sanitation,  by  E.  R.  Hayhurst. 
Gramdoma  venerea.     Contribticion  provisoria  a  su  estudio  histologico,  by 

Federico  Susviela  Guarch. 
Higiene  dentaria  del  nino,  by  Carlos  P.  Berra. 
Higiene  mental  en  sus  relaciones  con  el  desarrollo  y  consecucidn  de  la 

energia  psiquica  y  con  la  fatiga  producida  por  la  ensenanza  escolar, 

by  A.  Moraga  Porras. 
Housing  of  wage  earners,  by  Lawrence  Veiller. 
Influencia  de  la  habitacidn  en  la  lucha  contra  la  tuberculosis,  by  Juan 

Monteverde. 
International  agreements  in  relation  to  the  suppression  of  vice,  by  James 

Bronson  Reynolds. 
La  blastomicosis  humana  en  el  Peru  y  Bolivia,  by  Edmundo  Escomel. 
La  buba  (Leishmaniosis  americana),  by  Luis  E.  Migone. 
La  delincu£ncia  y  el  crimen:  su  represion  cientifica,  by  Genaro  Giacobini. 
,La  equivalencia  mental  entre  el  hombre  y  la  mujer,  mirada  del  punto  de 

vista  psicoldgico.     Dedticciones  socioldgicas ,  pedagdgicas  e  higienicas, 

by  A.  Moraga  Porras. 
La  heredo  amoralidad  infantU  y  su  influencia  social  pedagogica.     Higiene 

alimenticia  del  nino,  by  Genaro  Giacobini. 
La  influencia  de  la  ankUostamiasis  sobre  la  prosperidad  de  la  agricultura  y 

sobre  la  mortalidad  infantU  en  Costa  Rica,  by  Louis  Schapiro  and 

Mauro  Fernandez. 
La  inspeccidn  medica  en  las  escuelas  publicas  de  Centra  A  merica.     Necesidad 

y  posibilidad  de  establecerla  en  vista  de  las  candicianes  existentes  en 

Casta  Rica,  by  Louis  Schapiro. 
La  medicina  social  y  las  problemas  del  trabajo  en  la  Republica  Argentina^ 

by  Enrique  Feinmann. 
La  novocaina-glicero-yodada,  como  anestesico  local  y  tralamiento  preventivo 

en  las  extraccianes  a  consecuencia  de  la  periostitis  alveola  dentaria,  by 

Juan  D.  Susini. 
La  tuberculosis  en  Bolivia:  su  etialagia  y  prafUaxia,  by  Nestor  Morales 

Villazon.  , 

Lepra  y  autosangroterapia.     Necesidad  de  una  Liga  Panamericana  Anti- 

leprasa,  by  Luis  Zanotti-Cavazzoni. 


RKPORT   OI''  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL,.  23 1 

Linfocitosis  sanguinea  en  los  sifiliticos  (signo  diagnostico  y  pronoslico), 
by  Cdndido  Patino  Mayer  and  Augusto  Celestino  Gourdy. 

Los  alienados  delincuentes  y  los  delincuentes  alienados — Creadon  de 
manicomios  criminales,  by  Genaro  Giacobini. 

Los  dispensarios  para  lactantes  (Gotas  de  Leche)  como  medio  para  disminuir 
la  mortalidad  infantil,  hy  Julio  A.  Bauza. 

Lucha  contra  el  alcoholismo,  by  Ricardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 

Mechanical  appliances  in  the  treatment  of  pyrorrhea  alveolaris  and  a  short 
notice  on  an  astringent  substance  extracted  from  a  tree  called  "targua 
Colorado,"  by  Felipe  Gallegos. 

Mental  Hygiene.  The  etiology  and  prevention  of  insanity  from  the  socio- 
logical point  of  view,  by  William  A.  White. 

O  erro  essencial  de  pessoa  na  lei  brazileira  do  casamento  civil,  by  Jos6 
Rodrigues  da  Costa  Doria. 

On  the  hearing  of  occupation  on  medicine,  by  David  L.  Edsall. 

Os  fumadores  de  maconha:  effeitos  e  males  do  vicio,  by  Jose  Rodrigues  da 
Costa  Doria. 

Pabellon  modelo  de  clinica  medica  del  Hospital  Rawson,  by  Tomas  S. 
Varela. 

Pauperism,  by  Edward  T.  Devine. 

Parasitologia  de  ciertos  animales  del  Paraguay,  by  Luis  E.  Migone. 

Prevencion  de  la  tuberculosis  desde  el  punto  de  vista  sociologico:  confe- 
rencia  sabre  la  higiene  de  la  boca,  by  Felipe  Gallegos. 

Profilaxia  de  la  tuberculosis ,  by  Constancio  Castells  E. 

Prophylaxia  do  ophidismo  na  America,  by  Vital  Brazil. 

Prophylaxis  of  venereal  diseases,  by  Edward  L.  Keyes,  jr. 

Proyecto  de  ordenanza  reglamentaria  de  la  prostitution,  by  Silvestre  Oliva. 

Proyecto  de  ordenanza  reglamentaria  del  comercio  de  leche  de  consumo  en 
Buenos  Aires,  by  Ricardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 

Puericultura,  by  P.  Rueda. 

Regimen  de  convalecencia  en  los  alienados,  by  Santin-Carlos  Rossi. 

Reorganizacidn  del  servicio  medico-legal  en  Chile,  by  I.  Marcial  Rivera. 

Signo  0  'puntada  colitica  de  la  pneumonia  en  la  infancia,  by  Genaro  Giaco- 
bini. 

The  alcohol  and  drug  habit  and  its  prophylaxis,  by  Harvey  W.  Wiley. 

The  defective  child  and  the  prevention  of  the  feeble-minded,  by  Henry 
Herbert  Goddard. 

The  employment  of  married  and  pregnant  women  and  the  protection  and 
promotion  of  the  health  of  female  wage  earners,  by  John  B.  Andrews. 

The  etiology  and  prevention  of  tuberculosis  from  the  sociological  points  of 
view,  by  William  Charles  White. 


232  REPORT   OK  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

The  progress  of  the  antituberotUosis  fight  in  Brazil,  by  Clemen te  Ferreira. 

The  training  of  defectives,  by  E.  R.  Johnstone. 

Tratamiento  de  la  ttiberciUosis  por  el  pneumo-tdrax  artificial,  by  Joaquim 

de  Oliveira  Botelho. 
Tratamiento  en  libertad  de  los  alienados  en  la  Repuhlica  Argentina,  by 

Ricardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 
Un  trabajo  de  proiesis  dental,  by  A.  E.  Mordn. 
Un  nuevo  flagelado  de  las  planias  (Leptomonas  Elmassianii),  by  Luis  H. 

Migone. 
Vvlgarizacidn  cienlifica.     Higiene  hucal,  by  Julio  h.  Catoni. 
Ways  and  means  of  bringing  matters  of  piiblic  health  to  social  usefulness 

by  William  C.  Woodward. 
What  can  unofficial  effort  do  for  public  health  9  by  Hoyt  E.  Dearholt. 
What  can  unofficial  effort  do  for  public  health  9  by  Irving  Fisher. 
Youthful  offenders — a  comparative  study  of   two  groups,  each  of  i,ooo 

young  recidivists,  by  William  Healy  and  Augusta  F.  Bronner. 

SUBSECTION  4. 
SANITATION. 

A  contribution  to  the  study  of  artificial  illumination,  by  James  D.  Gatewood. 

Available  methods  for  the  sanitary  disposal  of  refuse,  by  George  A.  Soper. 

Buildings  for  human  occupancy,  by  Robert  W.  de  Forest. 

Changes  in  the  food  supply  and  their  relation  to  nutrition,  by  Lafayette  B. 
Mendel. 

Collection. and  disposal  of  municipal  refuse,  by  J.  T.  Fetherston. 

Enfermedades  transmitidas  por  insectos  en  Pan  America,  by  Juan  Guiteras. 

Fresh  air  and  ventilation  in  the  light  of  modern  research,  by  C.  E.  A.  Winslow. 

Nota  sobre  a  extincfdo  completa  da  febre  amarella  no  Estado  de  S.  Paulo 
(Brasil),  by  Emilio  Ribas. 

Rural  hygiene,  by  J.  N.  Hurty. 

Sanitary  aspects  of  waste  disposal,  by  W.  T.  Sedgwick, 

Teoria  bioldgica  de  la  inmunidad;  tratamiento  esencial  de  las  diversas 
infecciones  de  neumococo,  by  Julio  Mendez. 

The  applicability  of  microscopic  methods  to  the  study  of  water-supply  prob- 
lems, by  E.  M.  Chamot.  • 

The  control  of  Asiatic  cholera  on  international  trade  routes,  by  Allan  J. 
McLaughlin. 

The  effect  of  land  subdivision  upon  housing  and  public  health,  by  John 
Nolen. 

The  human  side  of  city  planning,  by  J.  Horace  McFarland. 


REPORT   OF  THE  SECREJTARY  GENERAL.  233 

The  means  by  which  infectious  diseases  are  transmitted,  and  their  extermina- 
tion, by  Alvah  H.  Doty. 
The  purification  of  water  supplies,  by  Edwin  O.  Jordan. 
The  sanitation  of  the  Panama  Canal,  by  D.  P.  Reeder. 
The  significance  of  chemistry  in  water  purification,  by  Edward  Bartow. 
Town  and  city  planning,  by  Frederick  Law  Olmsted. 

SUBSECTION  5. 
LABORATORY  CONFERENCES. 

Accidn  respiratoria  del  depressor  cordis,  by  Teodoro  Muhm. 

Anaphilaxis  and  its  relation  to  immunity,  by  J-  Bronfenbrenner. 

Anaphylatoxin  and  the  mechanism  of  anaphylaxis,  by  Richard  Weil. 

Cancer  in  plants,  by  Erwin  F.  Smith. 

Cancer  problems  in  special  biological  groups :  Fish  tumors — Further  obser- 
vations on  so-called  carcinoma  of  the  thyroid,  by  Harvey  R.  Gaylord. 

Ckemotherapeutic  experiments  on  rat  tumors,  by  Richard  Weil. 

Experimental  studies  in  heredity,  by  Maud  Slye. 

Factors  in  immunity  to  cancer,  by  James  B.  Murphy  and  John  J.  Morton. 

Filariasis  in  the  Americas,  by  Allen  J.  Smith. 

General  biology  of  the  protozoan  life  cycle,  by  Gary  N.  Calkins. 

General  pathology  and  experimental  cancer  research,  by  James  Ewing. 

General  problems  and  tendencies  in  cancer  research,  by  Leo  Loeb. 

Hay  fever  and  certain  other  local  anaphylactic  phenomena  referable  to  the 
respiratory  mucous  membranes,  by  A.  Parker  Kitchens  and  Claude  P. 
Brown. 

Immunity  to  transplantable  neoplasms,  by  William  H.  Woglom. 

Nota  sobre  el  tratamiento  de  la  infeccion  puerperal  por  los  banos  tibios 
prolongados,  by  Aristides  Fiallo  Cabral. 

Nouveau  precede  pour  la  transfusion  du  sang,  b'y  Louis  Agote. 

Radium  in  experimental  cancer,  by  Francis  Carter  Wood. 

Radium  in  the  treatment  of  cancer,  by  William  Duane. 

Sero-diagnostic  methods  in  cancer;  reactions  of  Freund  and  of  von  Dungern, 
by  A.  F.  Coca. 

Teratoma  de  la  region  del  tuber  cinereum,  by  Guillermo  A.  Bosco. 

The  application  of  chemical  methods  to  the  study  of  cancer,  by  Casimir  Funk. 

The  biological  and  medical  significance  of  the  intestinal  flagellates,  by  Charles 
At  wood  Kofoid. 

The  classification  of  the  parasitic  amoebce  of  man,  by  Charles  F.  Craig. 

The  mechanism  and  clinical  significance  of  anaphylactic  and  pseudo -anaphy- 
lactic skin  reactions,  by  John  A.  Kolmer. 


234  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

The  mechanistic  theory  of  cancer,  by  G.  A.  H.  Clowes. 

The  relation  of  hay  fever  to  anaphylaxis,  together  with  a  theory  regarding  the 

nature  of  anaphylactic  phenomena,  by  G.  A.  H.  Clowes. 
The  tissue  culture  in  cancer,  by  Montrose  T.  Burrows. 
Tissties  cultures  in  cancer,  by  Robert  A.  Lambert. 
Tumor  immunity,  by  E.  E.  Tyzzer. 

SECTION  IX. 

tRANSPORTATION,  COMMERCE,  FINANCE,  AND  TAXATION. 

Address  before  the  section,  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Hon.  William 
Gibbs  McAdoo. 

SUBSECTION  1. 

TRANSPORTATION,       • 

A  navegagdo  interior  do  Brasil,  by  Pedro  Souto  Maior. 

Ferrocarriles  de  la  Republica  Oriental  del  Uruguay,  by  Guillermo  Dotte. 

How  the  aeroplane  may  effect  closer  alliance  of  the  South  A  merican  countries 

with  the  United  States,  by  Alberto  Santos-Dumont. 
Hydroplanes,  by  Gonzalo  Mejia. 
Lines  of  future  railway  development,  by  Fred  Lavis. 
Motor  driven  vehicles  and  motor  railroad  cars  as  a  factor  in  transportation, 

by  Thomas  H.  Wheless. 
Necesidad  de  un  convenio  inter nacional  sobre  arqueo  de  buqu^s  mercantes, 

by  Guillermo  Lyons. 
Regulation  of  public  utilities,  by  Charles  A.  Prouty. 
Resena  general  sobre  la  marcha  y  desarrollo  qu£  han  tenido  los  ferrocarriles 

colombianos  desde  1835  hasta  19 14,  by  Alfredo  Ortega. 
Some  problems  and  principles  of  Government  regulation  of  railroads,   by 

Emory  R.  Johnson. 
The  relation  of  central  to  local  control  in  the  regulation  of  public  utilities, 

by  Alfred  P.  Thom. 
The  safety-first  movement  on  American  railways,  by  Ralph  C.  Richards. 

SUBSECTION  2. 
COMMERCE. 

Abundant  vegetable  products  in   Venezuela  for  dyeing  and  tanning,  by 

Andres  Ybarra. 
A  plea  for  the  ratification  of  the  Buenos  Aires  Trade-Mark  Convention  of 

Aikgust  20,  1910,  by  James  T.  Newton. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI^.  235 

Brazil:  Contribution  to  her  economic  and  financial  study  from  1888  to 

19 1 5,  by  Alvaro  de  Menezes. 
Changes  in  accepted  conclusions  as  to  international  trade  due  to  (j)  Asiatic 

development  and  (2)  to  war,  by  John  Bates  Clark. 
Comercio  del  Uruguay,  by  Pablo  Fontaina. 

Comercio  entre  Estados  Unidos  y  Centra  America,  by  Rafael  Guirola  D. 
Commercio  estrangeiro  entre  paizes  americanos,  by  Arthur  Guimaraes. 
Educacion^  clima,  riquszas  mineralogicas  y  agricolas,  comercio,  finanzas  y 

beneficencia  de  la  Republica  de  Guatemala,  by  Joaquim  de  Oliveira 

Botelho. 
Effects  of  the  war  upon  the  trade  of  South  America,  by  George  E.  Roberts. 
$Es  deseable  y  posible  establecer  tarifas,  metodos  y  clasificaciones  uniformes 

en  los  gastos  de  pu^rto,  reglamentos  y  clasificaciones  de  aduana  entre 

las  Republicas  de  Norte,  Centro  y  Sudamerica?  by  Juan  Jose  Reinoso. 
Estadisticas  de  poblacion  y  navegactdn,  by  Direcci6n  General  de  Estadistica 

de  la  Republica  Oriental  del  Uruguay. 
Estudio  sobre  los  recursos  de  la  Republica  de  Honduras  y  su  desarrollo 

comercial,  by  Guillermo  Campos. 
Geographical  and  statistical  notice  about  the  Republic  of  Honduras,   by 

Antonio  A.  Ramirez  F.  Fontecha. 
Is  it  desirable  and  possible  to  establish  uniform,  rates,  methods ,  and  classifica- 
tions in  port  charges,  customs  regulations ,  and  classifications  between 

the  North,  Central,  and  South  American  countries?  by  F.  M.  Halstead. 
La  Republica  Centro- Americana  de  Honduras:  sus  medios  de  comunicacidn, 

comercio findustria  y  orientacion  econdmica  actual  y  para  el  porvenir, 

by  Antonio  A.  Ramirez  F.  Fontecha. 
On  some  possible  reciprocal  relations  in  the  patent  practice  of  Pan  A  merican 

countries,  by  Frederick  Transom. 
Organizacion  del  comercio  exterior  en  Europa,  con  destino  al   Uruguay, 

especialmente  de  artictdos  manufacturados ,  by  Octavio  Morat6  and 

J.  West. 
Puntos  de  vista  relativos  al  desarrollo  industrial  y  comercial  de  la  Republica 

Dominicana,  by  Federico  Veldzquez. 
Regimen  aduanero  del  Uruguay ^  by  A.  Idiartegaray. 
Relaciones  comerciales  de  El  Salvador  y  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America, 

by  Pedro  S.  Fonseca. 
Situation  economique  ei  financikre  d' Haiti,  by  General  F.  Legitime. 
The  balance  of  trade  in  the  commerce  between  South  America  and  the 

United  States,  by  Jeremiah  W.  Jenks. 
The  possibility  of  standardizing  census  and  commercial  statistics  in  the 

American  Republics,  by  S.  N.  D.  North. 


'236  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAI,. 

SUBSECTION  3. 

FINANCE. 

A  common  m^onetary  unit  for  America,  by  Guillermo  Subercaseaux. 

Credito  y  bancos,  by  Alejandro  Tdlice, 

Economic  theories  and  scientific  progress,  by  Jacob  H.  Hollander. 

El  problema  rentistico  de  Nicaragua,  by  Pedro  J,  Cuadra  Ch. 

El  sistema  fiscal  de  Mexico,  by  Toribio  Esquivel  Obregon. 

Industrial  investments  as  a  basis  of  foreign  trade  expansion,  by  David 

Kinley. 
Investment  of  capital  in  Brazil,  by  H.  C.  de  Martins  Pinheiro. 
La  Hacienda  Publicay  el  credito  del  Peril,  by.  Enrique  Ramirez  Gast6n. 
La  moneda  internacional,  by  Joaquin  D.  Casasiis. 
La  organizacidn  y  las  funciones  de  las  finanzas  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de 

America  y  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  Venezuela,  by  N.  Veloz  Goiticoa. 
Memoria  sobre  finanzas  e  impuestos,  by  Pedro  Gdlvez  Portocarrero. 
Necesidad  de  adoptar  principios  generales  uniformes  en  la  America  en 

materia  de  bancos  como  medio  para  aproximarse  a  la  unificacidn 

monetaria,  by  Toribio  Esquivel  Obregon. 
Peru's  financial  problem,  by  Osgood  Hardy. 
Problema  del  cambio  internacional  (monetario)  y  medios  mds  adecuados' 

para  establecer  un  cambio  directo   (monetario)   entre  los  paises  del 

Continente  Americano,  by  Baron  de  Franzenstein. 
Procedimientos  mds  indicados  para  facUitar  las  transacciones  comerciales 

entre  los  manufacturer os  de  Estados    Unidos  y  los  com.erciantes  his- 

panoamericanos ,  by  Lorenzo  Anadon. 
The  effects  of  the  war  on  Latin  American  public  finance,  by  Chester  Lloyd 

Jones. 
The  possibility  of  introducing  a  common  monetary  standard  as  between  the 

Republics  of  America,  by  E.  W.  Kemmerer. 
The  relation  of  public  finance  to  private  credit,  by  Willard  Straight. 
The  relations  of  Federal,  State,  and  local  revenues,  by  Edwin  R.  A.  Seligman 
Unificacidn  monetaria,  by  Pedro  J.  Cuadra  Ch. 
Why  Latin  American  municipal  and  State  bonds  should  be  quoted  in  New 

York,  by  Roger  W.  Babson. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIy.  237 

SUBSECTION  4. 

TAXATION. 

Government  monopolies  and  internal  revenue  systems,  by  Carl  C.  Plehn. 

Impuestos  directos,  by  Juan  A.  Mdrquez. 

Los  catastros  parciales  en  la  aplicacion  de  leyes  impositivas  sobre  la  pro- 

piedad  raiz,  su  ejecucidn  e  importancia,  by  Antonio  F.  Solari. 
Necesidad  de  reformar  las  leyes  impositivas  relaciondndolas  con  el  catastro 

en  la  politica  economica  y  financiera  de  los   pueblos,  by  Antonio  F. 

Solari. 
Protection  and  nationalism,  by  Alvin  S.  Johnson. 
Relaciones  generales  entre  las  rentas  federales,  del  Estado  y  locales,  by  S. 

Herndndez  y  Hernandez. 
The  American  system  of  special  assessments  and  its  applicability  in  other 

countries,  by  .Robert  M.  Haig. 
The  assessment  of  real  estate,  by  Lawson  Purdy. 
The  taxation  of  business,  by  Thomas  S.  Adams. 
The  principles  of  equity  in  the  taxation  of  foreign  corporations,  by  Fred 

Rogers  Fairchild. 
Tributacion  directa  en  Costa  Rica,  by  Roberto  Brenes  Mes6n. 


APPENDIX  C. 


LEARNED  SOCIETIES,  EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS, 
PRIVATE  ORGANIZATIONS,  AND  GOVERNMENTAL 
BUREAUS. 


Academia  Brasileira  de  Letras,  Brasil. 

His  Excellency  Domicio  da  Gam  a. 

rodrigo  octavio. 

Mangel,  de  Ouveira  Lima. 
Academia  de  Ciencias  Medicas,  Fisicas  y  Naiurales  de  la  Habana,  Cuba. 

Juan  Santos  Fernandez; 

Juan  Guiteras. 
Academia  de  Chile,  Chile. 

Enrique  Cuevas. 
Academia  Colombiana  de  Juris prtidencia,  Colombia. 

Phanor  J.  Eder. 
Acctdemia  de  la  Historia,  Mexico. 

Manuel  Gamio. 
Academia  Militar,  Guatem^ala. 

CoRONEL  Ramon  Bengochea. 
Academia  Nacional  de  Historia,  Colombia. 

General  Carlos  Cuervo  Marquez. 

tulio  ospina. 
Academia  Nacional  de  Medicina,  Brasil. 

JOAQUIM    DE  OlIVEIRA  BoTELHO. 
Academia  Nacional  de  Medicina,  Peru. 

Carlos  Morales  Macedo. 
Academia  Peruana  de  Juris prudencia  y  Legislacion,  Peril. 

Victor  Maurtua. 
Academia  de  Prdctica  Forense,  Peru,. 

Jos6  Angel  Capar6. 
Actuarial  Society  of  America,  secretary,  R.  Henderson,  32  Nassau  Street ^ 
New  York  City. 

R.  Henderson. 

W,    A.    HUTCHESON. 

238 


re;port  OF'  the;  secretary  general.  239 

Aero  Clvb  of  America,  secretary,  Howard  Huntington,  297  Madison  Avenue, 
New  York  City. 
Alberto  Santos-Dumont. 
Henry  A.  Wise  Wood. 
Henry  Woodhouse. 
Emerson  McMilun. 
Agricultural  College  of  Utah,  Logan,  Utah. 

John  A.  Widtsoe. 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  College  Station,  Texas. 
Clarence  Ousley. 
C.  C.  Hedges. 
Albany  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  secretary,  E.  G.  Raynor,  Barge  Canal 
Office,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
William  B.  Landreth. 
American  Academy  of  Medicine,  secretary,  Thomas   W.   Grayson,   11 01 
Westinghouse  Building,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
John  B.  Roberts. 
G.  N.  Acker. 
American  Academy   of    Political   and    Social   Science,   secretary,   J.    F. 
Lichtenberger,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Edmund  J.  James. 
David  Kinley. 
Emory  R.  Johnson. 
Carl  Kelsey. 
Clyde  L.  King. 
American  Anthropological  Association,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washing- 
.  ton,  D.  C. 
Charles  Peabody. 
Clark  Wissler. 
Am£rican  Antiquarian  Society,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Hiram  Bingham. 
American  Association    for   International   Conciliation,   secretary,   F.    P. 
Keppel,  415  West  One  hundred  and  seventeenth  Street,  New  York 
City. 
F.  P.  ElEPPEL. 
American   Association  for   the   Advancement   of   Agricultural   Teaching, 
secretary,  A.  C.  Monahan,  Bureau  of   Education,  Department  of 
Interior,  Washington,  D.  C. 
C.  H.  IvANE. 
A.  C.  Monahan. 
4819^—17 16 


240  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  secretary,  L.  O. 
Howard,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 
W.  W.  Campbeli.. 
Iv.  O.  Howard. 
American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation,  secretary,  John  B.  Andrews^ 
131  East  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York  City. 
Frederick  M.  Davenport. 
John  B.  Andrews. 
American  Association  Medical   Milk  Commissioners,  secretary,  Otto   P. 
Geier,  Ortiz  Building,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
John  W.  Kerr. 
J.  H.  Mason  Knox. 
American    Association    of    Economic    Entomologists,    secretary,    A.    F. 
Burgess,  Melrose  Highlands,  Mass. 
C.  L.  MarIvATT. 
W.  J.  Holland. 
American  Association  of   Farmers'  Institute    Workers,  secretary,  L.  R. 
Taft,  East  Lansing,  Mich. 
J.  M.  Stedman. 
American  Association  of  Immunologists,  secretary,  Martin  J.  Synnoit, 
34.  South  Fullerton  Aventie,  Montclair,  N.  J. 
Richard  Weil. 
A.  Parker  Hitchens. 
American  Association  of  Instructors  and  Investigators  in  Poultry  Hus- 
bandry, secretary,  Harry  R.  Lewis,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
Raymond  Pearl. 
James  E.  Ricb. 
American  Association  of  Museums,  secretary,  Paul  M.  Rea,  Charleston, 
S.  C. 
Paul  M.  Rea. 
James  E.  Talmage. 
American  Association  to  Promote  the  Teaching  of  Speech  to  the  Deaf, 
secretary,  Z.  F.  Westervelt,  1545  St.  Paul  Street,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Alexander  Graham  Bell. 
Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor. 
American  Astronomical  Society,  secretary,  Philip  Fox,  Dearborn  Observa- 
tory, Evanston,  III. 
Solon  I.  Bailey. 
W.  W.  Campbell. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIy.  24I 

American  Bankers  Association,  secretary,  F.  E.  Farnsworth,  5  Nassau 
Street,  New  York  City. 
William  A.  I,aw. 
W.  S.  KiEs. 
American  Bar  Association,  Section  of  Legal  Education,  secretary,  C.  M. 

Hepburn,  Indiana  University,  Bloomington,  Ind. 
American    Ceramic    Society,   secretary,    Edward  Orton,   jr.,   Ohio   State 
University,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Arthur  S.  Watts. 
American  Chemical  Society,  secretary,  Charles  L.  Parsons,  Box  505,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 
Charles  H.  Herty. 
Charles  L.  Parsons. 
American  Civic  Association,  secretary,  R.  B.  Watrous,  914   Union  Trust 
Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 
J.  H.  McFarland. 
R.  B.  Watrous. 
A.  W.  Dunn. 
American  ClimatologiccU  and  Clinical  Association,  secretary,  Guy  Hinsdale, 
Hot  Springs,  Va. 
Charles  W.  Richardson. 
Guy  Hindsdale. 
American  Economic  Association,  secretary,  A.  A.  Young,  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

W.   F.   WiLLCOX. 

A.  A.  Young. 
American  Electric  Railway  Association,  secretary,  E.  B.  Burritt,  8  West 
Fortieth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Clarence  P.  King. 
W.  F.  Ham. 
American  Electrochemical  Society,  secretary,  Joseph  W.  Richards,  Lehigh 
University,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Carl  Hering. 
G.  A.  RousH. 
American   Entomological   Society,  secretary,  James  A.  G.  Rehn,  Logan 
Square,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
James  A.  G.  Rehn. 
Morgan  Hebard. 


242  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

American  Ethnological  Society,  secretary,  R.  H.  Lowie,  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History,  New  York  City. 
Clark  Wissler. 
Pliny  Earle  Goddard. 
American  Exporters'  and  Importers'  Association,  secretary,  George  F.  Trow- 
bridge, ly  Battery  Place,  New  York  City. 
William  C.  Wulp. 
American  Farm-Management  Association,  secretary,  G.  A.  Billings,  Office 
Farm  Management,  Washington,  D.  C. 
W.  J.  Spillman. 
G.  F.  Warren. 
Atnerican  Folk-Lore  Society,  secretary,  Alans  on  Skinner ,  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History,  New  York  City. 
Franz  Boas. 
Charles  Peabody. 
American  Forestry  Association,  secretary,  P.  S.  Ridsdale,  1410  H  Street 
NW.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
C.    F.   QUINCY. 

P.  S.  Ridsdale. 
American  Foundrymen's  Association,  secretary,  A.  O.  Backert,  Twelfth  and 
Chestnut  Streets,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Stanley  G.  Flagg,  jr. 

R.  A.  Bull.  , 

American  Genetic  Association,  secretary,  George  M.  Rommel,  511  Eleventh 
Street  NW.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Paul  Popenoe. 
T.  H.  Kearney. 
American  Geographical  Society  of  New   York,  director,  Isaiah  Bowman, 
Broadway  and  One  hundred  and  fifty-sixth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Leon  Domini  an. 
American  Highway  Association,  secretary,  J.  E.  Pennybacker,  Colorado 
Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 
L.  W.  Page. 
H.  B.  Spencer. 
American  Historical  Association,  secretary,  W .  G.  Leland,  11 40  Woodward 
Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Archibald  C.  Coolidge. 
Bernard  Moses. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL.  243 

American  Home  Economics  Association,  secretary,  Mrs.  Alice  P.  Norton, 
1J26  East  Fifty-eighth  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

C.  F.  IvANGWORTHY. 

Martha  Van  Rensselaer. 
American  Institute  of  Architects,  secretary,  E.  C.   Kemper,  The  Octagon, 
Washington,  D.  C. 
George  Oakley  Totten,  Jr. 
Glenn  Brown. 
American  Institute  of  Chemical  Engineers,  secretary,  J.  C.  Olsen,  Cooper 
Union,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Samuel  P.  Sadtler. 
J.  C.  Olsen. 
American  Institute  of  Consulting  Engineers,  F.  A.  Molitor,  35  Nassau 
Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
DuGALD  C.  Jackson. 
C.  O.  Mailloux. 
American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology,  secretary,  Edwin  M. 
Abbott,  700-70J  Land  Title  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
William  A.  White. 
Edward  Lindsey. 
American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers,  secretary,  F.  L.  Hutchison,  55 
West  Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Gano  Dunn. 
John  H.  Finney. 
W.  McClelland. 
.American  Institute  of  Metals,  secretary,  W.  M.  Corse,  106  Morris  Avenue, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
George  K.  Burgess. 
Arthur  W.  Gray. 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  secretary,  Bradley  Stoughton,  2g 
West  Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Anthony  F.  Lucas. 
William  L.  Saunders. 
Bradley  Stoughton. 
Edwin  W.  Parker. 
American  Library  Association,  secretary,  G.  B.  Utley,  78  East  Washington 
Street,  Chicago,  III. 
Herbert  Putnam. 
H.  H.  B.  Meyer. 


244  RBPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

American  Manufacturers'   Export  Association,  secretary,  E.  V.  Douglas, 
i6o  Broadway,  New  York  City. 
WiivUAM  P.  Barba. 

A.  E.  OSBORN. 

American  Mathematical  Association,   secretary,   F.   N.   Cole,  501   West 
One  hundred  and  sixteenth  Street,  New  York  City. 
E.  W.  Brown. 
Henry  B.  Fine. 

E.  H.  Moore. 

Am£rican  Medical  Association,  secretary,  Alex.  R.  Craig,  535  North  Dear- 
horn  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

W.  C.  GORGAS. 

William  H.  Welch. 
American  Medical  Society  for  the  Study  of  Alcohol  and  Other  Narcotics, 
Secretary,  T.  D.  Crothers,  Walnut  Lodge  Hospital,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Tom  a.  Williams. 
H.  J.  Berkeley. 
R.  P.  Gundry. 
Ernest  S.  Bishop. 
American  Mining  Congress,  secretary,  J.  F,  Callbreath,  Munsey  Building, 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Carl  Scholz. 
J.  F.  Callbreath. 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Eighty-first  Street  and  Centred  Park 
West,  New  York  City. 

F.  M.  Chapman. 
H.  J.  Spinden. 

American  Peace  Society,  secretary,  A.  D.  Call,  Colorado  Building,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Arthur  Deerin  Call. 

John  Mez. 
American  Peat  Society,  secretary,  Julius  Bordello,  Kingshridge,  N.  Y. 

Carl  KlEinstuck. 

Julius  Bordollo. 
American  Pediatric  Society ,  secretary,  Samuel  S.  Adams,  1801  Connecticut 
Avenue  NW.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Samuel  S.  Adams. 

J.  H.  Mason  Knox. 
American    Philological    Association,   secretary,    F.   G.   Moore,   Columbia 
University,  New  York  City. 

Kirby  Flower  Smith. 

Mitchell  Carroll. 


REPORT  Olf  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  245 

American  Philosophical  Association,  secretary,  E,  G.  Spavlding,  Princeton, 
N.J. 
A.  O.  LovEjoY. 
A.  T.  Armstrong. 
American  Philosophical  Society,  secretary,  I.  M.  Hays,  104  South  Fifth 
Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Albert  Michelson. 
William  B.  Scott. 
American  Physical  Education  Association,   secretary,  J.   H.  McCurdy, 
93  Westford  Avenue,  Springfield,  Mass. 
Dudley  A.  Sargent. 

J.  H.  McCURDY. 
American  Physical  Society,  secretary,  A.  D.  Cole,  Ohio  State  University, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

S.  W.  StraTTon. 

J.  S.  Ames. 
American  Physiological  Society,  secretary,  Charles  W.  Greene,  Columbia,  Mo. 

W.  W.  Ford. 

John  F.  Anderson. 
American  Phytopathological  Society,  Washington,  D.  C. 

W.  A.  Orton. 

C.  L.  Shear. 
American  Political  Science   Association,  secretary,  Chester  Lloyd  Jones, 
University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 

John  Bassett  Moore. 

W.  F.  Dodd. 
American  Pomological  Society. 

E.  R.  Lake. 
American  Prison  Association,  secretary,  Joseph  P.  Byers,  502  Empire 
Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Joseph  P.  Byers. 
American  Psychological  Association,  secretary,  R.  S.  Woodworih,  Columbia 
University,  New  York  City. 

Shepherd  I.  Franz. 

Edward  L.  Thorndike. 

Howard  C.  Warren. 

Raymond  Dodge. 

Harvey  A.  Carr. 
American  Public  Health  Association,  secretary,  S.  M.  Gunn,  ^55  Boylston 
Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

William  C.  Woodward. 


246  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

American  Railway  Associaiian,  secretary,  W.  F.  Allen,  7^  Church  Street, 
New  York  City. 
Fairfax  Harrison. 
Stuyvesant  Fish. 
American  Railway  Bridge  and   Building   Association,  secretary,   C.   A. 
Lichty,  Chicago  &  North  Western  Railway,  Chicago,  III. 
Warrick  R.  Edwards. 
W.  M.  Cardwell. 
American  Railway  Engineering  Association,  secretary,  E.  H.  Fritch,  goo 
South  Michigan  Avenue,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
A.  W.  Thompson. 
H.  B.  Spencer. 
American  Railway  Master  Mechanics  Association,  secretary,  J.  W.  Taylor, 
1112  Karpen  Building,  Chicago,  III. 
M.  K.  Barnum, 

E.  W.  Pratt. 

American  Red  Cross,  secretary,  Charles  L.  Magee,  1624.  H  Street  NW., 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Ernest  P.  Bicknell. 
C.  A.  Devol. 
American  Sanatorium  Association,  secretary,  E.  S.  McSweeny,  Sea  View 
Hospital,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 
Vincent  Y.  Bowditch.  ' 

Gordon  Wilson. 
American  Social  Hygiene  Association,  secretary,  S.  F.  Snow,  105  West 
Fortieth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Donald  R.  Hooker. 
James  B.  Reynolds. 
American  Social  Science  Association. 

John  H.  Finley, 
American  Society  for  Cancer  Research,  secretary,  Richard  Weil,  gyo  Park 
Avenue,  New  York  City. 
Richard  Weil. 

F.  C.  Wood. 

American  Society  for  Control  of  Cancer,  secretary,  F.  L.  Hoffman,  Pru- 
dential Insurance  Co.,  Newark,  N.J. 
F.  L.  Hoffman. 
F.  C.  Wood. 
American  Society  for  Extension  of  University  Teaching,  secretary,  William 
K.  Huff,  729  Withers poon  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
William  K.  Huff. 
Henry  La  Barre  Jayne. 


REPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  247 

American  Society  for  Testing  Materials,  secretary,  Edgar  Marburg,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

W.    H.    BlXBY. 
A.   W.   GiBBS. 
American  Society  for  Judicial  Settlement  of  International.  Disputes,  secre- 
tary, Tunstall  Smith,  The  Preston,  Baltimore,  Md. 
American  Society  of  Aeronautic  Engineers,  secretary,  L.  B.  Sperry,  297 
Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 
Alberto  Santos-Dumont. 
Henry  A.  Wise  Wood. 
Henry  Woodhouse. 
Emerson  McMillin. 
American  Society  of  Agronomy,  secretary,  C.  W.  Warburton,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Carleton  R.  Ball. 
C.  W.  Warburton. 
American  Society  of  Biological  Chemists,  secretary,  P.  A.  Shaffer,  Wash- 
ington University  Medical  School,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Carl  L.  Alsberg. 
Lafayette  B.  Mendel. 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  secretary,  Charles  Warren  Hunt,  220 
West  Fifty-seventh  Street,  New  York  City. 
William  W.  Harts. 
American  Society  of  Heating  and  Ventilating  Engineers,  secretary,  J.  J. 
Blackmore,  29  West  Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Reginald  Pelham  Bolton. 
J.  A.  Donnelly. 
American   Society  of  International   Law,  secretary,  James  Brown  Scott, 
2  Jackson  Place,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Elihu  Root. 
James  Brown  Scott. 
American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  secretary,  C.  W.  Rice,  29  West 
Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 
Ambrose  Swasey. 
Waldo  H.  Marshall. 
Calvin  W.  Rice. 
American  Society  of  Municipal  Improvements,  secretary,  C.  C.  Brown, 
702  Wulsin  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
W.  W.  Crosby. 
Norman  S.  Sprague. 
John  M.  Goodell. 
Rudolph  Hering. 
Nelson  P.  Lewis. 


248  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

American  Society  of  Naturalists,  secretary,  Bradley  M.  Davis,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

E.   G.   CONKLIN. 

H.  S.  Jennings. 
American  Society  of  Naval  Engineers,  secretary,  A.  T.  Church,  Lieutenant, 
United  States  Navy,  Navy  Department,  Washington.  D.  C. 
C.  W.  Dyson,  Captain,  United  States  Navy. 
A,  T.  Church,  Lieutenant,  United  States  Navy. 
American  Society  of  Refrigerating  Engineers,  secretary,  Wm.  H.  Ross,  154 
Nassau  Street,  New  York  City. 
N.  H.  HiLLER. 

H.  C.  Dickinson. 
American  Society  of  Tropical  Medicine,  secretary,  John  M.  Swan,  4^7 
Park  Avenue,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Joseph  H.  White. 
C.  C.  Bass. 
American  Society  of  Zoologists,  secretary,  Caswell  Grave,  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Ethan  A.  Andrews. 
American  Sociological  Society,  secretary,  Scott  E.  W.  Bedford,  University 
of  Chicago,  Chicago,  III. 
Albion  W.  Small. 
American  Statistical  Association,  secretary,    C.  W.  Doien,  491  Boylston 
Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
E.  Dana  Durand. 
John  Koren. 
American  Surgical  Association,  secretary,  John  H.  Gibbon,  1608  Spruce 
Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
George  Tully  Vaughan. 
James  F.  Mitchell. 
American  Therapeutic  Society,    secretary,  Lewis  H.   Taylor,   The  Cecily 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Robert  T.  Morris. 
Noble  P.  Barnes. 
American  Veterinary  Medical  Association,  secretary,  C.  M.  Haring,  Divi- 
sion of  Veterinary  Science,  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
j.  r,  mohler. 
Archibald  R.  Ward. 
N.  S.  Mayo. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  249 

American  Water   Works   Association,  secretary,  J.  M.  Diven,  47  State 
Street,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Nicholas  S.  Hill,  Jr. 
Amherst  College,  Amherst,  Mass. 

Alexander  MeiklEjohn. 
Anthropological  Society  of  Washington,  secretary,  Daniel  Folkmar,  Depart- 
m£nt  of  Commerce,  Washington,  D.  C. 

John  R.  Swanton. 

Daniel  Folkmar. 
Archaeological    Institute   of    America,    secretary,    Mitchell    Carroll,    The 
Octagon,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mitchell  Carroll. 

F.  W.  Shipley. 

W.  H.  Holmes. 
Asistencia  PUhlica  de  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina. 

RiCARDO  SaRMIENTO   I^ASPIUR. 

Asociacion  de  Educacidn  Nacional,  Chile.  * 

Jos^  Maria  Galvez. 

Julio  Philippi. 

DarIo  E.  Salas. 

Arturo  E.  Salazar. 

His  Excellency  Eduardo  SuArez  Mujica. 
Asociacion  de  Maestros  del  Uruguay,  Uruguay. 

AdOLPO  BERRO  GARCf  a. 
Asociacidn  de  la  Prensa  Medica  de  la  Habana. 

Juan  Santos  Fernandez. 
Association  of  American  Law  Schools,  secretary,  W.  W.  Cook,  University 
of  Chicago  Law  School,  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  III. 

John  Bassett  Moore. 

Eugene  Wambaugh. 
Association  of  American  Portland  Cement  Manufacturers,  secretary,  Percy 
H.  Wilson,  Bellevue  Court  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Percy  H.  Wilson. 

Lewis  R.  Ferguson. 
Association  of  American  State  Geologists. 

William  Bullock  Clark. 

F.  W.  De  Wolf. 

I.  C.  White. 
Association  of  American   Universities,   secretary,   H.    V.  Ames,    Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Herman  V.  Ames. 


25©  REPORT   OP  THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Association  of  Colleges  and  Preparatory  Schools  of  the  Middle  States  and 
Maryland,  secretary,  George  W.  McClelland,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Frederick  P.  KIeppel. 
C.  A.  Richmond. 
Association  of  Colleges  and  Secondary  Schools  of  the  Southern  States,  see- 
retary,  Bert  E.  Young,  Vanderhilt  University,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
J.  M.  Callahan. 
Bert  E.  Young. 
Association  of  Collegiate  Alumna,   secretary,  Miss  Vida  Hunt  Francis, 
1225  Spruce  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Mary  Sherwood. 
Eunice  Wead. 
Susan  Kingsbury. 
Association  of  Feed  Control  Officials,  secretary,  Philip  H.  Smith,  Amherst, 
Mass. 

J.    K.    HAYWt)OD. 

George  E.  Bidwell. 
Association  of  Life  Insurance  Medical  Directors,  secretary,  F.  S.  Weisse, 
34  Nassau  Street,  New  York  City. 
Faneuil  S.  Weisse. 
F.  C.  Wells. 
Gordon  Wilson. 
.Association  of  Military  Surgcoyis  of  the    United  States,  secretary.  Brig. 
Gen.  S.  C.  Stanton,  ^33  North  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  III. 
George  A.  Lung,  Medical  Inspector,  United  States  Navy. 
J.  H.  Ullrich,  Major,  Maryland  National  Guard. 
Association  of  Official  Agricultural  Chemists,  secretary,  Carl  L.  Alsberg,  Box 
3274,  Station  F,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Harvey  W.  Wiley. 
Claude  S.  Hudson. 
Association  of  Official  Seed  Analysis  of  North  America,  secretary,  J.  P. 
Helyar,  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
Edgar  Brown. 
Association  of  State  Superintendents,  secretary,  M.  P.  Shawkey,  Charles- 
ton, W.  Va. 
J.  Frank  Marsh. 
Astrophysical  Observatory  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  director,  C.  G. 
Abbot,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Charles  Greeley  Abbot. 
Frederick  E.  Fowle. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  25 1 

Ateneo  de  Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

His  Excellency  Carlos  M.  de  Pena. 

Mario  Gil. 
A  ieneo  de  Santiago,  Chile. 

Dario  E.  Salas. 

Enrique  Soro. 
Atlanta  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  W.  G.  Cooper,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

S.  W.  McCalliE. 
Babson's  Statistical  Organization,  Wellesley  Hills,  Mass. 

Roger  W.  Babson. 

Leroy  D.  Peavey. 
Barnard  College,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

John  Bassett  Moore. 

Edmund  B.  Wilson. 
Biological  Society  of  Washington,  secretary,  M.  W.  Lyon,  jr.,  New  National 
Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Paul  Bartsch. 
,  J.  N.  Rose. 
Boston  College,  Boston,  Mass. 

Gustavo  A.  Caballero. 
Boston  University,  Boston,  Mass. 

Everett  W.  Lord. 

Lemuel  H.  Murlin. 
Botanical  Society  of  America,  secretary,  H.  H.  Bartlett,  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

William  E.  Safford. 
Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Warren  Benjamin  Catlin. 
Brooklyn  Engineers'  Club,  secretary,  Joseph  Strachan,  177  Remsen  Street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Clarence  D.  Pollock. 
Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Henry  B.  Gardner. 

Frederic  P.  Gorham. 

John  C.  Dunning. 
Brunswick  Board  of  Trade,  secretary,  J.  G.  Weatherly,  Brunswick,  Ga. 

James  S.  Brailey,  Jr. 
Bryn  Mawr  College,  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 

Florence  Bascom, 

W.  B.  Huff. 


25*  RBPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Bucknell  University,  Lewisburg,  Pa. 

John  H.  Harris. 
Bureau  of  American   Ethnology,   Smithsonian  Institution,   Washington, 
D.C. 

F.  W.  Hodge. 

J.  W.  Fewkes. 
Bureau  of  Commercial  Economics,  Real  Estate  Trust  Co.  Building,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Francis  Holley. 

A.  Maris  Boggs. 
Bureau  of  Railway  Economics,  Homer  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Frank  Haigh  Dixon. 

Lucius  E.  Johnson. 
Business  Men's  Club,  secretary,  John  M.  Tulher,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Thomas  F.  Gailor. 
BuUer  College,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

W.  P.  Hay. 
California  State  Board  of  Health,  Bureau   of  Administration,  secretary, 
W.  A.  Sawyer,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

W.  A.  Sawyer. 

Fred  F.  Gundrum. 
Canisius  College,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Richard  B.  Schmitt. 
Carnegie  Endowment  for  International    Peace,   secretary,  James  Brown 
Scott,  2  Jackson  Place,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Nicholas  Murray  Butler. 
Carnegie  Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching,  secretary,   Clyde 
Furst,  ^76  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Clyde  Furst. 
Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology,  director,  Arthur  A.  Hamerschlag,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Arthur  A.  Hamerschlag. 

John  Hopkin  Leete. 
Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Robert  Woodward. 
Carnegie  Miiseum,  Carnegie  Institute,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

W.  J.  Holland. 
Case  School  of  Applied  Sciences,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Charles  S.  Howe. 

William  R.  Veazey. 

R.  H.  Danforth. 

F.  R.  Van  Horn. 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  253 

Catholic  Educational  Association,  secretary,  F.  W.  Howard,    16 51   East 
Main  Street,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Thomas  J.  Shahan. 

E.  A.  Pace. 

Francis  W.  Howard. 
Catholic  University  of  America,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Frank  O'Hara. 

Salvador  MartInez  pe  Alva. 
Centre  Nacional  de  Ingenieros,  Argentina. 

Coronel  Benjamin  GarcIa  Aparicio. 

Rear  Admiral  Juan  A.  MartIn. 

Crist6bal  M.  Hicken. 

AgustIn  Mercau. 
Centro  Naval,  Argentina. 

Rear  Admiral  Juan  A.  MartIn. 

Lieutenant  Juan  N.  Pastor. 
Centro  de  Sciencias,  Leiras  e  Artes,  Brasil. 

Vital  Brazil. 

His  Excellency  Domicio  da  Gama. 

Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima. 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  State  of  New  York,  secretary^  Charles  T. 
Gwynne,  65  Liberty  Street,  New  York  City. 

H.  de  B.  Parsons. 

Julio  F.  Sorzano. 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States  of  America,  secretary,  Elliot  H. 
Goodwin,  Riggs  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

John  Joy  Edson. 

Elliot  H.  Goodwin. 

John  B.  Fahey, 

A.  B.  Farquhar. 
Charleston  (S.  C.)  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  A.  B.  Snell,  Charles- 
torir,  S.  C. 

P.  H.  Gadsden. 
Charleston  (W.  Va.)  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  S.  P.  Puffer,  Charles- 
ton, W.  Va. 

Edward  A.  Barnes. 
Charlotte  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  James  R.  Kinsloe,  Charlotte, 
N.C. 

J.  V.  Simms. 


254  REPORT  OF   THE   SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

Chemical  Society  of  Washington,  secretary,  E.  C.  McKelvy,  Washington, 
D.C. 

R.  B.  SOSMAN. 

H.  M.  LooMis. 
Chemists  Club  of  New  York,  secretary,  R.  Stevenson,  52  East  Forty-first 
Street,  New  York  City. 

Maximilian  Toch. 

F.  K.  Cameron. 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce,  secretary,  Frederick  L.  Brown,  10  South 
La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

David  Kinley. 
Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  W.  C.  Culkins,  Cincinnati^ 
Ohio. 

Francis  B.  James. 

Levi  C.  Good  ale. 
Ctvil  Engineers'  Society  of  St.  Paul,  secretary,  C.  E.  Nagel,  300  Shubert 
Building,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

George  W.  Rathjens. 
Clark  University,  Worcester,  Mass. 

George  Hubbard  Blakeslee. 
Clemson  Agricultural  College,  Clemson  College,  S.  C. 

Walter  M.  Riggs. 
Cleveland  Chamber  of  Commerce,   secretary,  Munson  Havens,  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Bascom  Little. 
Cleveland  Engineering  Society,  secretary,  C.  E.  Drayer,  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce Building,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

C.  L.  BartlETT. 

R.  W.  Parkhurst. 
Club  de  Engenharia,  Brasil. 

Vicente  Licinio  Cardoso. 

Feliciano  Mendes  de  Moraes. 

rodrigo  octavio. 

Luis  Betim  Paes  Leme. 
Colegio  de  Abogados  de  la  Habana,  Cuba. 

Rafael  MarIa  Angulo. 
Colegio  de  Abogados  de  la  Republica  de  Costa  Rica,  Costa  Rica. 

His  Excellency  Manuel  Castro  Quesada. 

John  Bassett  Moore. 
Colegio  Nacional  "Benigno  Malo,"  Ecuador. 

His  Excellency  Gonzalo  S.  C6rdova. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL,.  255 

College  of  Hawaii,  HonoltUu,  Hawaii. 

Frank  T.  Dilungham. 

Arthur  R.  Keller. 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Charles  Baskerville. 

Guy  Edward  Snider. 
College  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Worcester,  Mass. 

George  L.  Coyle. 
Colorado  College,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

William  F.  Slocum. 

Homer  Le  Roy  Shantz. 

Maurice  C.  Hall. 

E.  C.  Hills. 
Columbia  Historical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Job  Barnard. 

James  Dudley  Morgan. 
Columhia  University,  New  York  City. 

John  Bassett  Moore. 

Edmund  B.  Wilson. 
Comision  National  de  Educacion  Fisica  del  Uruguay,  Uruguay. 

His  Excellency  Carlos  Maria  de  Pena. 

Eduardo  Monteverde. 
Comision  Permanente  de  Gobierno  Local,  Chile. 

Eduardo  Carrasco  Bascunan. 

Julio  Philippi. 

Moisifes  Vargas. 
Commercial  Law  League  of  America,  secretary,  William  C.  Sprague,  108 
South  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

J.  Kemp  BartlETT. 

J.  H.  Ralston. 
Coinm,ercial  Museum,,  secretary,   Wilfred  H.  Schoff,  Thirty-fourth  Street 
below  Spruce  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

W.  P.  Wilson. 

Wilfred  H.  Schoff. 
Comparative  Law  Bureau,  American  Bar  Association,  secretary,  R.  P, 
Shick,  1107  Franklin  Bank  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Phanor  J.  EdeR. 

Robert  P.  Shick. 
Conference  of  State  and  Provincial  Boards  of  Health  of  North  America, 
Richmond,  Va. 

J.  N.  HurTy. 

J.  S.  Fulton. 

48192—17 17 


256  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Consejo  Nacional  de  Higiene,  Uruguay. 

JusTo  F.  Gonzalez. 
Conservatorio  Nacional  de  Musica  y  Declamacidn,  Panamd. 

Narciso  Garay. 

Manuel  DIaz  G. 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Jacob  Gould  Schurman. 

A.  A.  Young. 
Corte  de  Justicia  Centro- Americana,  Centro-Amirica. 

J.  Rafael  Oreamuno. 
Cosmos  Club,  secretary,  D.  L.  Hazard,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Frederick  V.  Coville. 

Hugh  M.  Smith. 
Council    on    Medical    Education,   secretary,    N.   P.   Colwell,  535  North 
Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

Wm.  H.  Welch.. 

W.    C.   GORGAS. 

Cruz  Vermelha  Brasileira,  Brasil. 

JOAQUIM    DE   OlIVEIRA   BoTELHO. 

Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

H.  S.  Person. 
Davenport  Academy  of  Sciences,  acting  director,  E.  K.  Putnam,  Davenport, 
Iowa. 

E.  K.  Putnam. 
Delaware  College,  Newark,  Del. 

Samuel  C.  Mitchell. 

Edward  Laurence  Smith. 
Department  of  Health,  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  Harrtsburg,  Pa. 

Samuel  G.  Dixon. 
Detroit  Board  of  Commerce,  secretary,  B.  H.  Gitchell,  Detroit,  Mich. 

E.  M.  Houghton. 
Direccidn  General  de  Instruccidn  Primaria,  Uruguay. 

His  Excellency  Carlos  MarIa  de  Pena. 

Mario  Gil. 
Division  of  Economics  and  History,  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 
Peace,  director,  John   Bates   Clark,   407  West  One  hundred  and 
seventeenth  Street,  New  York  City. 

John  Bates  Clark. 

David  Kinley. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv.  257 

Division  of  Intercourse  and  Education,  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Inter- 
national Peace,  director,  Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  407  West  One 
hundred  and  seventeenth  Street,  New  York  City. 
NicHOivAS  Murray  Butler. 
Division   of  International   Law,    Carnegie   Endowment  for   International 
Peace,  director,  James  Brown  Scott,  2  Jackson  Place,  Washington, 
D.  C. 
George  A.  Finch. 
Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HoLivis  Godfrey. 
Earlham  College,  Richmond,  Ind. 

David  Worth  Dennis. 
Engineers  Club  of  Baltimore,  secretary,  William  D.  Janney,  6  West  Eager 
Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 
William  D.  Janney. 
Walter  Wilson  Crosby. 
Engineers  Club  of   Minneapolis,    secretary,  E.  W.  Ashenden,   17  Sixth 
Street  South,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Charles  L.  Pillsbury. 
Engineers  Club  of  Philadelphia,  secretary,  Lewis  H.  Kenney,  1J17  Spruce 
Street,  Philadelphia. 
J.  W.  LEdoux. 
Frederick  Transom. 
Engineers  Society  of  Milwaukee,  secretary,  Fred  H.  Dorner,  Wells  Build- 
ing, Milwaukee,  Wis. 
George  Staal.  '     ■ 

Fred  H.  Dorner. 
Engineers'  Society  of  Northeastern  Pennsylvania,  secretary,  F.  F.  McKenna, 
415  North  Washington  Avenue,  Scranton,  Pa. 
Arthur  Storrs. 
Engineers'  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  secretary,  E.  R.  Dasher,  ji  South 
Front  Street,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Farley  Gannett. 
Engineers'  Society  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  secretary,  E.  K.  Hiles,  2511 
Oliver  Building,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
A.  Stucki. 

W.  H.  BlXBY. 

Charles  V.  Wheeler. 
E.  F.  Wendt. 


258  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Entomological  Society  of  America,  secretary,  A.  D.  MacGillivray,  University 
of  Illinois,  Urbana,  III. 
F.  M.  Webster. 
C.  L.  Marlatt. 
Entomological  Society  of  Washington,  secretary,  S.  A.  Rohwer,  National 
Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 
A.  N.  Caudeli.. 
Charles  R.  Ely. 
Escola  de  Direito  de  Bahia,  Brasil. 

J0S6   RODRIGUES  DA  CoSTA   DORIA. 

Escuela  de  Derecho  de  Costa  Rica,  Costa  Rica. 

Luis  Anderson. 
Escuela  de  Ingenieros,  Peru. 

VfcTOR  Maurtua. 
Escuela  de  Medicina,  Quimica  y  Farmacia  de  la  Universidad  de  El  Salvador 
El  Salvador. 

His  Excellency  Rafael  ZaldIvar. 
Escuela  Nacional  de  Industrias  de  Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

AdOLFO   BERRO   GARCfA. 

Escuela  NacioruU  de  Minas,  Colombia. 

Francisco  Escobar  Campuzano. 
Estacidn  Experimental  Agrondmica,  Cuba. 

J.  T.  Crawley. 

John  R.  Johnston. 
Estacidn  Agricola  Experimental  de  Tucumdn,  Argentina. 

Arthur  R.  Rosenfeld. 
Eugenics   Research   Association,   secretary,   W.   F.   Blades,   Garrison-on- 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 

J.  McKeen  Cattell. 

Wm.  F.  Blades. 
Faculdade  Livre  de  Sciencias  Juridicas  e  Sociaes  do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brasil. 

Rodrigo  Octavio. 
Faculdade  de  Medicina  de  Porto  Alegre,  Brasil. 

Gen.  William  C.  Gorgas. 
Facultad  de  Agronomia  y   Veterinaria  de  la   Universidad  Nacional  de 
Btienos  Aires,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 
Facultad  de  Ciencias  Econdmicas  de  la  Universidad  Nacional  de  Buenos 
Aires,  Argentina. 

EdUARDO   SaRMIENTO   IvASPIUR. 


REPORT  OF  THS   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  259 

Facultad  de   Ciencias  Exactas,   Fisicas  y  Naturales   de  la    Universidad 
Nacional  de  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina. 
Agustin  Mercau. 
Iberio  San  Roman. 
Facultad  de  Ciencias  Fisicas,  Matemdticas  y  Astrondmicas  de  la   Uni- 
versidad Nacional  de  La  Plata,  Argentina. 
Agustin  Mercau. 

Facultad  de  Ciencias  Juridicas  y  Sociales  de  la'  Universidad  Nacional  de 

la  Plata,  Argentina. 
Ernesto  Quesada. 
Facultad  de  Ciencias  Medicas  de  la   Universidad    Nacional  de  Buenos 

Aires,  Argentina. 

RiCARDO   SaRMIENTO   LASPIUR. 
TOMAS   S.  VaREIvA. 

Facultad  de  Ciencias  y  Letras  de  la  Universidad  de  la  Habana,  Cuba. 

■  Luis  Montana. 
Facultad  de  Derecho  de  la  Universidad  de  la  Habana,  Cuba. 

Antonio  Sanchez  de  Bustamante  y  Sirven. 
Facultad  de  Derecho  y  Ciencias  Sociales  de  la  Universidad  Nacional  de 
Buenos  Aires,  Argentina. 

Carlos  Octavio  Bunge. 

Enrique  Gil. 
Facultad  de  Derecho  y  Notariado,  Guatemala. 

Adrian  Recinos. 
Facultad  de  Derecho  y  Notariado  de  Occidente  y  Septentridn,  Nicaragua. 

Luis  Felipe  Core  a. 

Antonio  Lazo  Arriaga. 
Facultad  de  Filosofia  y  Letras  de  la   Universidad  Nacional  de  Buenos 
Aires,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

Carlos  Octavio  Bunge. 

Ernesto  Quesada. 
Federation  de  Estudiantes  de  Chile,  Chile. 

DarIo  E.  Salas. 
Federation  of  American    Societies  for  Experimental   Biology,  secretary, 
John  Au£r,  Rockefeller  Institute,  New  York  City. 

W.  W.  Ford. 

John  F.  Anderson. 


26o  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Federation  of  International  Polity  Clubs,  secretary,  F.  B.  Faulk,  40  Mount 
Vernon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

George  W.  Nasmyth. 

Fred  B.  FouIvK, 
Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  assistant  secretary,  D.  C.  Davies,  Chi- 
cago, III. 

Charles  B.  Cory. 

W.  H.  Osgood.      • 
Fordham  University,  New  York  City. 

C.  Francis  Strohaver. 
Franklin  Institute,  secretary,  R.  B.  Owens,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Walton  Clark. 

R.  B.  Owens. 

E.  H.  Sanborn.  " 
General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  secretary,  Mrs.  Eugene  Reilley,  508 
Park  Avenue,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

(Mrs.)  Percy  V.  Pennyb acker. 

(Mrs.)  S.  B.  Sneath. 
Geological  Society  of  America,  secretary,  E.  O.  Hovey,  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History,  New  York  City. 

John  M.  Clarke. 

James  F.  Kemp. 
Geological  Society  of  Washington,  United  States  Geological  Survey,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

T.  Wayland  Vaughan. 

A.  C.  Spencer. 
George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Bruce  R.  Payne. 
Georgetown  University,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Francis  A.  Tondorf. 
George  Washington  University,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Charles  H.  Stockton. 

Charles  E.  Munroe. 
Georgia  School  of  Technology,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

K.  G.  Matheson. 
Gimnasio  Paraguayo,  Paraguay. 

Luis  E.  Migone. 
Grand  Rapids  Association  of  Commerce,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

(Mrs.)  W.  F.  Mcknight. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  26 1 

Greater  Des  Moines  Committee,  secretary,  Ralph  P.  Bolton,  Des  Moines, 
Iowa. 
Paul  Beer. 
Gremio  Polytechnico  de  Sao  Paulo,  Brasil. 

Pedro  Siqueira  Campos. 
Grinnell  College,  Grinnell,  Iowa. 
J.  H.  T.  Main. 
Charles  Le  Deuc. 
Paul  F.  Peck. 
Charles  E.  Payne. 
Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 
Frederick  M.  Davenport. 
Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Edwin  Francis  Gay. 
Archibald  Coolidge. 
Thomas  Barbour. 
Health  Department  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  Municipal  Building,  Wash- 
ington,, D.  C. 
Joseph  J.  Kinyoun. 
Robert  L.  Lynch. 
Honolulu  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  Raymond  C.  Brown,  Honolulu, 
Hawaii. 
Sidney  Ballou. 
Hospital  Rosales,  El  Salvador. 

His  Excellency  Rafael  Zaldivar. 
Houston  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Houston,  Tex. 

J.  E.  Eagle.  , 

Jeff  McLemore. 
Hunter  College,  New  York  City. 

E.  S.  Burgess. 
Illinois  Manufacturers'  Association,  secretary,  John  M.  Glenn,  1227  Fort 
Dearborn  Building,  Chicago,  III. 
William  Butterworth. 
D.  E.  Felt. 
Illinois  Society  of  Engineers  and  Surveyors,  secretary,  E.  E.  R.  Tratman, 
Wheaton,  III. 
C.  G.  Elliott. 
John  W.  Alvord. 
Illinois  State  Board  of  Health,  secretary,  C.  St.  Clair  Drake,  Springfield,  III. 
C.  St.  Clair  Drake. 
John  A.  Robinson. 


262  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

Illuminating  Engineering  Society,  secretary,   C.   A.   Littlefield,   29   West 
Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 

C.  P.  Steinmentz. 

A.  E.  KennelIvY. 
I  lustre  Colegio  de  Ahogados,  Peru. 

RiCARDO  GOYBURU. 

Indiana  Academy  of  Sciences,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Carl  H.  Eigenmann. 

Amos  W.  Butler. 
Indiana  State  Board  of  Health,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

John  N.  Hurty. 
Indiana  University,  Bloomington,  Ind. 

Carl  H.  Eigenmann. 
Institute  of  Radio  Engineers,  secretary,  David  Sarnoff,  iii  Broadway,  New 
York  City. 

John  Stone  Stone. 

John  L.  Hogan,  Jr. 
Institute  Archeologico  e  Geographico  Pernambucano,  Brasil. 

His  Excellency  Domicio  da  Gama. 

Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima. 
Institute  y  Escu^la  Normal  Centred  de  Senoritas,  Guatemala. 

Adrian  Recinos. 
Instituto  Geogrdfico  Argentina,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

CoRONEL  BenjamIn  GarcIa  Aparicio. 
Instituto  Historico  da  Bahia,  Brasil. 

Jos6   RODRIGUES  DA  CoSTA   DORIA. 
Institute  Historico  e  Geographico  Brasileiro,  Brasil. 

John  Casper  Branner. 

rodrigo  octavio. 

Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima. 

Pedro  Souto  Maior. 
Institute  de  Ingenieros  de  Chile,  Chile. 

Ram6n  Salas  Edwards. 
Instituto  de  Ingenieros  de  Rio  de  la  Plata,  Argentina. 

F.    A.    GOODMANSON. 

Institute  Libre  de  Segunda  Ensenanza,  Argentina. 

Iberio  San  Roman. 
Institute  Medico  de  Sucre,  Bolivia. 

Constant  Lurquin. 


REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIy.  263 

Instituio  Nacional  Central  de  Varones,  Guatemala. 

Adrian  Recinos. 
Instituto  da  Ordem  dos  Advogados  BrasUeiros,  BrasU. 

RODRIGO  OCTAVIO. 
Instituto  Paraguayo,  Paraguay. 

Juan  F.  Pe;rez. 
Instituto  Pedagdgico  de  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina. 

TOMAS   S.    VARElyA. 

Instituto  Pedagdgico  de  Santiago,  Chile. 

Jos6  Maria  Gai,vez. 

DARfo  E.  Salas. 
Instituto  Polytechnico  Brasileiro,  Brasil. 

Vicente  Licinio  Cardoso. 

Feuciano  Mendes  de  Moraes. 
Insular  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  Arturo  Bravo,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

Rafaeiv  Rios. 
International  Association  for  Testing  Materials,  general  secretary,  Ernst 
Reitler,  Nordbahnstrasse  50,  Vienna,  Austria. 

Robert  W.  Hunt. 

Henry  M.  Howe. 

Edgar  Marburg. 

ManseieivD  Merriman. 
International  Dry-Farming  Congress,  secretary,  R.  H.  Faxon,  Denver,  Colo. 

Frank  W.  Mondeli.. 
International    Health    Commission,    director  general,   Wickliffe  Rose,  61 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Victor  G.  Heiser. 

John  A.  Ferrell. 

WicKiviFFE  Rose. 
Iowa  Engineering  Society,  secretary,  S.  M.  Woodward,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Paul  Beer. 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 

Raymond  A,  Pearson. 

Franck  E.  Horack. 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Frank  J.  Goodnow. 

J.  S.  Ames. 

Carl  C.  Thomas. 
Junta  de  Historia  y  Numismdtica  Americanos,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

Ernesto  Quesada. 


264  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL,. 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan,  Kans. 

H.  J.  Waters. 

William  M.  Jardine. 
Kenyan  College,  Gamhier,  Ohio. 

George  F.  Weida. 

W.  F.  Peirce. 
Knox  College,  Galesburg,  lU. 

John  Van  Ness  Standish. 

Frank  Wenner. 
Knoxville  Board  of  Commerce,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

James  Maynard. 

G.  L.  SWIGGETT. 
Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa. 

John  H.  MacCracken. 

James  T.  Rood. 

Edward  Hart. 

Albert  K.  Heckel. 
Lake  Mohonk  Conference  on  the  Indians  and  Other  Dependent  Peoples, 
secretary,  H.  C.  Phillips,  Mohonk  Lake,  N.  Y. 

H.  C.  Phillips. 
Lehigh  University,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Henry  Sturgis  Drinker. 

Benjamin  L.  Miller. 
Leland  Stanford  Junior  University,  Stanford  University,  Cal. 

John  Casper  Branner. 

Percy  A.  Martin, 

M.  S.  WiLDMAN. 

Lewis  Institute,  Chicago,  III. 

D.  A.  Abrams. 
Liga  Nacional  Contra  el  Alcoholismo,  Chile. 

Jos6  MarIa  Galvez. 
Louisiana  State  University  and  State  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College, 
Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Frederick  V.  Emerson. 
Louisville  Board  of  Trade,  secretary,  J.  F.  Buckner,  jr.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

GusTAvE  A.  Breaux. 

Roquet  Semp6r6. 
Maryland  Agricultural  College,  College  Park,  Md. 

H.  B.  McDonnell. 

J.  B.  S.  Norton. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  265 

Maryland  State  Board  of  Health,  16  West  Saratoga  Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 

J.  S.  Fulton. 
Massachusetts  AgriciUtural  College,  Amherst,  Mass. 

Ken  YON   L.    BUTTERFIELD. 

William  P.  Brooks. 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  Mass. 

Richard  C.  MacIvAURin. 

Wm.  T,  Sedgwick. 
Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  secretary,  A.  L.  Hunt,  The 
Rochambeau,  Washington,  D.  C. 

J.  B.  Nichols. 

J.  S.  Wall. 
Medical  Society  of  Virginia,  200  East  Franklin  Street,  Richmond,  Va. 

George  Ben  Johnston. 

Stuart  McGuire. 
Merchants  and  Manufacturers'  Association  of  Baltimore,  secretary,  Robert 
J.  Beacham,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Frederick  H.  Gottlieb. 

A.  R.  L.  DoHME. 
Merchants'  Association  of  Manila,  secretary,  B.D.A.  Gutiirrez,  Manila,  P.  I. 

Charles  M.  Swift. 
Merchants'  Association  of  New  York,  secretary,  S.  C.  Mead,  233  Broad- 
way, New  York  City. 

E.  A.  De  Lima. 

G.  C.  Mead. 
Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio. 

R.  M.  Hughes. 

Edgar  E.  Brandon.  ■ 
Michigan  State  Board  of  Health,  secretary,  John  L.  Burkart,  Lansing, 
Mich.  . 

James  W.  Follin. 
Michigan  State  College  of  Mines,  Houghton,  Mich. 

N.  S.  Osborne. 
Middlebury  College,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

C.  Ford  Langworthy. 

George  R.  Wales. 


266  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL,. 

Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society  of  America,  secretary,  F.  F.  Sharpless, 
52  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

CharivEs  Butters. 

John  Parke  Channing. 

Pope  Yeatman. 

W.  R.  IngalIvS. 

George  Otis  Smith. 
Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  AgrictUtural   College, 
Miss. 

George  R.  Hightower. 

W.  F.  Hand. 
Missouri  Historical  Society,  secretary,  Charles  P.  Pettus,  Jefferson  Me- 
morial, St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Charles  P.  Pettus. 
Modern  Language  Association  of  America,  secretary,  W.  G.  Howard,  jp 
Kirkland  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

George  N.  Henning. 

A,rnold  Werner-Spanhoofd. 
Montana  Society  of  Engineers,  secretary,  C.  H.  Moore,  Box  355,  Butte, 
Mont. 

Theodore  Simons. 
Montana  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

J.  M.  Hamilton. 
Montana  State  School  of  Mines,  Butte,  Mont. 

Theodore  Simons. 
Mount  Holyoke  College,  South  Hadley,  Mass. 

Cornelia  M.  Clapp. 

Abby  H.  Turner. 
Municipal  Engineers  Society  of  the  City  of  New  York,  secretary,  G.  A- 
Taber,  29  West  Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 

Alfred  D.  Flinn. 
Museo  de  Historia  Natural  de  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti, 

Cristobal  M,  Hicken. 
Museo  Histdrico  Nacional,  Uruguay. 

His  Excellency  Carlos  M.  de  Pena. 
Museo  Nacional,  Colombia. 

Leopold©  Montejo. 
Museo  Nacional,  El  Salvador. 

Carlos  A.  Meza. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL.  267 

Museo  Social  Argentino,  Argentina. 
Enrique  Nelson. 
Ernesto  Nelson. 
Miiseo  de  la  Universidad  Nacional  de  la  Plata,  Argentina. 
Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 
Cristobal  M.  Hicken. 
Museu  Nacional,  Brasil. 

Luiz  Betim  Paes  Leme. 
.  Museu  "Simoens  da  Silva,"  Brasil. 

Antonio  Carlos  Simoens  da  Silva. 
Museum  of  the  American  Indian,  Heye  Foundation,  10  East  Thirty-third 
Street,  New  York  City. 
Marshall  H.  Saville. 
George  H.  Pepper. 
Museum  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

John  M.  Clarke. 
National  Academy  of  Sciences,  secretary,  Arthur  L.  Day,  Smithsonian 
Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 
William  H.  Welch, 
e.  g.  conklin. 
National  Association  for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,  secre- 
tary, Charles  J.  Hatfield,  105  East  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York 
City. 
William  Charles  White. 
George  M.  Kober. 
National  Association  of  Cotton  Manufacturers,  secretary,  C.  J.  H.  Woodbury^ 
45  Milk  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
Albert  Greene  Duncan. 
Charles  T.  Plunkett. 
National  Association  of  Manufacturers  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
secretary,  George  S.  Boudinot,  30  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 
James  A.  Emery. 
Albert  A.  Snowden. 
Vincent  Gonzales. 
National  Association  of  State    Universities,   secretary,   Guy  P.   Benton, 
University  of  Vermont,  Burlington,  Vt. 
Guy  p.  Benton. 
National  Brick   Manufacturers'  Association,   secretary,    T.   A.   Randall, 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

L.  Perry  West. 


268  REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

National  Child  Labor  Committee,  secretary,  Owen  R.  Lovejoy,  105  East 
Twenty- second  Street,  New  York  City. 
Isaac  N.  Seugman, 
Samuel  McCune  Lindsay. 
Felix  Abler. 
National  Commercial  Teachers^  Federation,  secretary,  E.  E.  Jones,  301 
Security  Building,  Chicago,  III. 
J.  E.  Fuller. 
C.  P.  Zaner. 
Charles  M.  Miller. 
National  Committee  on  Provision  for  the  Feeble-minded,  secretary,  Joseph 
P.  Byers,  501  Empire  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(Mrs.)  C.  C.  RuMSEY. 
Joseph  P.  Byers. 
National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Corrections,  secretary,  Wm.  T.  Cross ^ 
315  Plymouth  Court,  Chicago,  III. 
Amos  W.  Butler. 
Wm.  T.  Cross. 
National  Conservation  Association,  secretary,  H.  A.  Slattery,  811  Munsey 
Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

GiFFORD   PiNCHOT. 

Baily  Willis. 
National  Dental  Association,  secretary,  Otto  U.  King,  Huntington,  Ind. 

Clarence  J.  Grieves. 

R.  Hamill  Swing. 
National  District  Heating  Association,  secretary,  D.  L.  Gctskill,  Greenville, 
Ohio. 

James  A,  Donnelly. 

Nelson  S.  Thompson. 
National  Drainage  Congress,  "/o  F.  J.  Watson,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

E.  O.  FiPPiN. 

Joseph  Hyde  Pratt. 
National  Economic  League,  6  Beacon  Street,  Boston.  Mass. 

Norman  L.  Behneke. 
National  Education  Association,  secretary,  Durand  W.  Springer,   Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

E.  B.  Krehbiel. 

Joseph  Swain. 


REJPORT  OP  the;  SECRKTARY  GENERAL.  269 

National  Electric  Light  Association,  secretary,   T.   C.  Martin,  29  West 
Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 
H,  A.  Wagner. 
W.  C.  L.  Egun. 
National  Federation  of  College  Women,  secretary,  *'/o  {Mrs.)  W.  O.  Thomp- 
son, State  University,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
(Mrs.)  Wm.  Oxi,ey  Thompson. 
(Mrs.)  George  A.  Miller. 
(Mrs.)  WiLLARD  Brahan. 
National    Federation    of   State    Teachers'    Association,   ^'/o   C    S.    Foos, 
Reading,  Pa. 
Charles  S.  Foos. 
National  Fire  Protection  Association,  secretary,  F.  H.  Wentworth,  87  Milk 
Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
Powell  Evans. 
Charles  F.  Nesbit. 
National  Foreign  Trade  Council,  secretary,  Robert  H.  Paichin,  64  Stone 
Street,  New  York  City. 
James  A.  Farrell. 
Alba  B.  Johnson. 
Robert  H.  Patchin. 
National  Geographic  Society,  secretary,  O.  P.  Austin,  Washington,  D.  C. 
O.  H.  Tittman. 
Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor. 
National  Housing  Association,  105  East  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York 
City. 
Lawrence  Veiller. 
National  Implements  and  Vehicle  Association  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
secretary,  E.  W.  McCullough,  76  West  Monroe  Street,  Chicago,  III. 
A.  B.  Farquhar. 
National  Kindergarten  Association,  secretary,  Dorothy  Perkins,  250  Madi- 
son Avenue,  New  York  City. 
(Miss)  Marion  Berger. 
(Mrs.)  Charles  Cary  Rumsey. 
National  Municipal  League,  secretary,  C.  R.  Woodruff,  70 j  North  American 
Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Wm.  D.  Foulke. 
L.  S.  RowE. 
Howard  L-.  McBain. 
Clinton  R.,  Woodruff. 


270  REPORT  OP  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAIv. 

National  Rivers  and  Harbors  Congress,  secretary,  S.  A.  Thompson,  824 
Colorado  Building,  WashingUyn,  D.  C. 
S.  A.  Thompson. 
National  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial  Education,  secretary,  C.  A . 
Prosser,  140  West  Forty-second  Street,  New  York  City. 
William  C.  Redfield. 
C.  A.  Herrick. 

J.  W.  IvIEB. 

National  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  secretary,  A. 
Howard  Clark,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 

A.  Howard  Clark. 
National  Tax  Association,  secretary,  Thorruis  S.  Adams,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

H.  B.  F.  Macfarland. 

M.  Markham  Flannery. 
New  England  Water  Works  Association,  Boston,  Mass. 

Alfred  D.  Flinn. 
New  Hampshire  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  Durham,  N.  H. 

Fred  Rasmussen. 
New  Mexico  State  School  of  Mines,  Socorro,  N.  Mex. 

T.  C.  Mackay. 
New  Orleans  Association  of  Commerce,    secretary,  Walter  Parker,  New 
Orleans,  La. 

C.  C.  Bass. 
New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  17.  West  Forty-third  Street,  New  York 
City. 

Ram6n  Guiteras. 

John  Cowell  MacEvitt. 
New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  secretary,  Henry  E.  Crampton,  Am£rican 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York  City. 

Henry  E.  Crampton. 

Clark  Wissler. 

Robert  H.  Lowie. 
New  York  Botanical  Garden,  director,  N.  L.  Britton,  New  York  City. 

William  Alphonso  Murrill. 
New  York  Entomological  Society,  secretary,  Charles  W.  Leng,  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York  City. 

Charles  W.  Leng. 

Frank  E.  Lutz. 


RHPORT  OF  THE  SECRKTARY  GENERAL.  2/1 

New  York  State  Waterways  Association,  secretary,  Herman  L.  Fairchild, 
University  of  Rochester,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

H.  Iv.  Fairchild. 
New  York  University,  New  York  City. 

Herman  M.  Biggs. 

Jeremiah  Jenks. 

Elmer  E.  Brown. 
Norfolk  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  W.  A .  Cox,  Norfolk,  Va. 

Barton  Myers. 
North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Health,  secretary,  W.  S.  Rankin,  Raleigh, 
N.C. 

W.  S.  Rankin, 
Northwestern  University,  Evanston,  III. 

James  Alton  James. 

Charles  Cheney  Hyde. 

A.  W.  Harris. 
Oherlin  College,  Oherlin,  Ohio. 

Karl  F.  Geiser. 
Ohservatorio  Astronomico  del  Colegio  de  Belen,  Cuba. 

Mariano  Gutierrez  Lanza,  S.  J. 
Ohservatorio  del  Colegio  de  Nuestra  Senora  de  Montserrat,  Cuba. 

Simon  Sarasola,  S.  J. 
Official  Dairy,  of  Pennsylvania,  Instr'uctors'  Association,  secretary,  C.  W. 
Larsen,  State  College,  State  College,  Pa. 

B.  H.  Rawl. 
Ivan  C.  Weld. 

Oficina  Internacional  Centro- Americana,  Centro- America. 

His  Excellency  GuillErmo  Campos. 

Carlos  Lara. 
Oficina  Internacional  Universitaria  Americana,  Uruguay. 

Juan  Riva  Zuchelli. 

Alberto  Voulminot. 
Oficina  Meteorologica  Argentina,  Argentina. 

H.  H.  Clayton. 
Ohio  Engineering  Society,  secretary,  John  Laylin,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Alexander  Potter. 

F.  A.  Barbour. 
Ohio  State  Archceological  and  Historical  Society,  secretary,  E.  O.  Randall, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

A.  M.  SchlESInger. 
48192—17 18 


272  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,. 

Ohio  State  Board  of  Health,  secretary,  E.  F.  McCampbell,  Ohio  State  Uni- 
versity, Columbus,  Ohio. 

E.  F.  McCampbell. 

H.  T.  Sutton. 
Ohio  State  University,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

William  Oxly  Thompson. 
Ohio  Wesley  an  University,  Delaware,  Ohio. 

George  Oswin  Higley. 
Oregon  Society  of  Engineers,  secretary,  Orrin  E.  Stanley,  P.  O.  Box  gjs, 
Portland,  Oreg. 

D.  C.  Henny. 
Pacific  Northwest  Society  of  Engineers,  secretary,  J.   A.  Jackson,  City 
Hall,  SeatUe,  Wash. 

Charles  W.  Kutz. 

C.  W.  Knox. 
Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Alvin  Pope. 
Pan  American  Division,  American  Association  for  International  Concili- 
ation, 407  West  One  hundred  and  seventeenth  Street,  New   York 
City. 

Peter  H.  Goldsmith. 

Henry  S.  Haskell. 
Pan  American  Society  of  the  United  States,  secretary,  H.  E.  Bard,  15 
Broad  Street,  New  York  City. 

John  Bassett  Moore. 

Harry  Erwin  Bard. 
Pan  American  Union,  Washington,  D.  C. 

John  Barrett. 

Francisco  J.  Yanes. 

Franklin  Adams. 

Wm.  C.  Wells. 

Wm.  V.  Griffin. 
Peabody  Museum  of  Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Alfred  M.  Tozzer. 

Charles  Peabody. 
Peabody  Museum  of  Yale  University,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

George  Grant  MacCurdy. 
Philadelphia  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  N.  B.  Kelly,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Alba  B.  Johnson. 

N.  B.  Keely. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI..  273 

Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  Mass. 

Warren  K.  Moorehead. 
Philosophical  Society  of  Washington,  secretary,  John  A.  Fleming,  Naval 
Observatory,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Wm.  S.  KicheIvBERGER. 

Wm.  Bowie. 
Pittshv/rgh  Chamber  of  Commerce,  secretary,  Logan  McKee,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Wm.  M.  Davidson. 
Portland  Chamber  of  Commerce  {Maine),  secretary,  W.  B.  Moore. 

Arthur  B.  Fels. 

Seth  a.  M0U1.TON. 
Prensa  de  Venezttela,  Venezuela. 

Sim6n  Barcei.6. 
Princeton  University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Phiup  MarshalIv  Brown. 

WHvIvIam  Berryman  Scott. 
Public  Museum  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  secretary,  Henry  L.  Ward,  Mil- 
waukee, Wis. 

S.  A.  Barrett. 
Purdue  University,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

Winthrop  E.  Stone. 

George  Irving  Christie. 
Radcliffe  College,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Frances  Gardiner  Davenport. 

Mabel  Colcord, 
Railway  Signal  Association,  secretary,  C.  C.  Rosenberg,  Times  Building, 
Bethlehem,  Pa. 

W.  J.  EcK. 

C.  C.  Anthony. 
Religious  Education  Association,  secretary,  H.  F.  Cope,  332  South  Michigan 
Avenue,  Chicago,  III. 

John  Nelson  Mills. 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Wm.  Pitt  Mason. 
Rhode  Island  State  College,  Kingston)  R.  I. 

Howard  Edwards. 
Rice  Institute,  Houston,  Tex. 

Edgar  Odell  Lovett.    . 
Richmond  College,  Richmond,  Va. 

F.   W.    BOATWRIGHT. 

Eugene  C.  Bingham. 


274  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI^. 

Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research,  manager,  Henry  James,  jr., 
Sixty-sixth  Street  and  Avenue  A,  New  York  City. 

Wm.  H.  Welch. 

James  B.  Murphy. 
Rose  Polytechnic  Institute,  Terre  Hau4e,  Ind. 

C.  Leo  Mees. 

John  White. 
Russell  Sage  Foundation,  New  York  City. 

John  M.  Glenn. 
Rutgers  College,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Jacob  G.  Lipman. 

Alfred  A.  Titsworth. 
St.  Louis  University,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

John  h.  Gipprich. 
St.  Stephens  College,  Annandale,  N.  Y. 

John  C.  Robertson. 

Robert  G.  Robb. 
School  of  American  Archaeology,  secretary,  Paul  A.  F.  Walter,  Santa  Fe, 
N.  Mex. 

W.  H.  Holmes. 

Edgar  L.  Hewett. 

Ralph  Emerson  Twitchell. 

Frank  Springer. 
Seismological  Society  of  America,  secretary,  S.  D.  Townley,  Stanford  Uni- 
versity, Cal. 

Jay  Backus  Woodworth. 
Smith  College,  Northampton,  Mass. 

F.  Stuart  Chapin. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  secretary,  Charles  D.  Walcott,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Charles  D.  Walcott. 
Sociedad  de  Amigos  de  la  Educacidn  Popular  de  Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

Eduardo  Monteverde. 
Sociedad  Argentina  de  Derecho  Internacional,  Argentina. 

Carlos  Octavio  Bunge. 

Eduardo  Sarmiento  I^aspiur. 
Sociedad  Boliviana  de  Derecho  Internacional,  Bolivia. 

Alberto  Diez  de  Medina. 
Sociedad  Cientifica  Argentina,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

Crist6bal  M.  Hicken. 

Agustin  M]^rcau. 

Iberio  San  Roman. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  275 

Sociedad  Cientifica  de  Chile,  Chile. 

Dario  E.  Salas. 
Sociedad  Colomhiana  de  Ingenieros,  Colombia. 

Meuton  Escobar  IvArrazabal. 
Sociedad  Cubana  de  Derecho  Internacional,  Cuba. 

Juan  Miguel  Dihigo. 

OCTAVIO  GiBERGA. 

Rafael  Montoro. 

Antonio  Sanchez  de  Bust  am  ante  y  Sirven. 

Fernando  Sanchez  de  Fuentes. 
Sociedad  Cubana  de  Ingenieros,  Cuba. 

Jos6  Ramon  Villal6n. 
Sociedad  Econ&mica  de  Amigos  del  Pais  de  la  Habana,  Cuba. 

ArI STIDES  AgramonTE. 
Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril,  Chile. 

Enrique  Cuevas. 
Sociedad  de  Geografia  e  Historia,  Chile. 

Moise;s  Vargas. 
Sociedad  Guatemalteca  de  Derecho  Internacional,  Guatemala. 

Jos^  Matos. 
Sociedad  Hondurena  de  Derecho  Internacional. 

Carlos  Alberto  Ucle;s. 

RiCARDO   J.    UrRUTIA. 

Sociedad  Juridico  Literaria,  Ecuudor. 

His  Excellency  Gonzalo  S.  Cordova. 
Sociedad  Mexicana  de  Geografia  y  Estadistica,  Mexico. 

Manuel  Gamio. 
Sociedad  Nacional  de  Agricultura,  Chile. 

Eduardo  Carrasco  Bascunan. 
Sociedad  Nacional  de  Profesores,  Chile. 

Dario  E.  Salas. 
Sociedad  NicaragHense  de  Derecho  Internacional,  Nicaragua. 

Alejandro  Ce;sar. 
Sociedad  Odontologica  Argentina,  Argentina. 

ToMAS  S.  Varela. 
Sociedad  Paraguaya  de  Derecho  Internacignal,  Paraguay. 

AntolIn  Irala. 
Sociedad  Peruana  de  Derecho  Internacional,  Peru. 

VicTOR  MatJrtua. 


2/6  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI^. 

Sociedade  Brasileira  de  Direito  Internacional,  Brasil. 

rodrigo  octavio. 

Manoel  de  Oliveira  Lima. 
Sociedade  de  Geographia  de  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brasil. 

JOAQUIM   DE  OUVEIRA   BoTELHO. 

Sociedade  de  Medicina  e  CirtCgia  do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brasil. 

JOAQUIM   DE  OuVEiRA    BoTElvHO. 

Sociedade  de  Medicina  Legal  e  Criminalogia  da  Bahia,  Brasil. 

Jose  Rodrigues  da  Costa  Doria. 
Sociedade  National  de  AgrictUtura,  Brasil. 

CuNTON  D.  Smith. 
Sociedade  Scientifica  de  Sao  Paulo,  Brasil. 

Pedro  Siqueira  Campos. 
Soci^te  Haitienne  du  Droit  International,  Haiti. 

Edmond  H^raux. 
Society  for  Practical  Astronomy,  ijj8  Madison  Park,  Chicago,  III. 

ROBAH  F.  Bumpas. 
Society  for  Promotion  of  Engineering  Education,  secretary,  F.  L.  Bishop, 
University  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

HoLLis  Godfrey. 

F.  A.  GOETZE. 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Agricultural  Science,  secretary,  L.  A.  Clinton, 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

David  Fairchild. 

L.  A.  Clinton. 
Society  of  American  Bacteriologists,  secretary,  A.  Parker  Hitchens,  Glen- 
olden,  Pa. 

Alexander  A.  Abbott. 

H.  W.  Conn. 
Society  of  American  Foresters,  secretary,  K.  W.  Woodward,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Raphael  Zon. 
Society  of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers,  secretary,  D.  H.  Cox,  29 
West  Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City. 

D.  W.  Taylor. 

C.  A.  McAllister. 
South  Dakota  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  Brookings, 
S.  Dak. 

Ellery  C.  Chilcott. 

David  Griffiths. 
South  Dakota  State  School  of  Mines,  Rapid  City,  S.  Dak. 

Cleophas  C.  O'Harra. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAL.  277 

Southern  Commercial  Congress,  secretary,  Clarence  Owens,  Southern  Build- 
ing, Washington,  D.  C. 
Clarence  J.  Owens. 

T.   S.   SOUTHGATE. 
Southern  Conference  for  Education  and  Industry,  secretary,  A .  P.  Bourland, 
508  McLachlen  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 
W.   M.   RiGGS. 

H.  A.  Morgan. 
Southern  Geographical  Society,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
C.  H.  Gordon. 

J.   F.   VOORHEES. 

G.  L.  Swiggett. 
Southern  Sociological  Congress,   secretary,  J.   E.   McCu/loch,   Nashville, 
Tenn. 

J.  E.  McCuLLOCH. 
State  College  of  Washington,  Pullman,  Washington. 

C.  V.  Piper. 
State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Paul  Skeels  Peirce. 

Frank  Edward  Horack. 
State  University  of  Nevada,  Reno,  Nev. 

J.  E.  Church. 
Stevens  Institute  of  Technology,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Alfred  Goldsborough  Mayer. 

Joseph  S.  McCoy,  Jr. 
Swarthmore  College,  Swarthmore,  Pa. 

William  I.  Hull. 

Clarence  Gates  Myers. 
Teachers  College,  Columbia  University,  New  York  City. 

Maurice  A.  Bigelow. 
Throop  College  of  Technology,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

James  A.  B.  ScherER. 

Arthur  H.  Fleming.  • 

Trinity  College,  Durham,  N.  C. 

W.  K.  Boyd. 

William  T.  Laprade. 
Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Conn. 
.  Robert  B.  Riggs. 

Frederick  W.  Carpenter. 

Henry  Augustus  Perkins. 


278  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,. 

Tufts  College,  Tufts  College,  Mass. 

Arthur  I.  Andrews 

Alfred  C.  Lane. 
Tulane  University,  New  Orleans,  L^ 

Morton  Aldrich 
Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Charles  Alexander  Richmond 
United  States. 

Department  of  State. 

Division  of  Latin  American  Affairs. 
J.  Butler  Wright. 
IvELAND  Harrison. 

Department  of  the  Treasury. 

Bureau  of  the  Public  Health  Service.     . 
Rupert  Blue. 
William  Colby  Rucker. 

Department  of  War. 

Army  Medical  Museum,  Office  of  the  Surgeon  Genercd. 

D.  S.  Lamb. 

E.  R.  Hodge. 
James  R.  Scott. 

Board  of  Engineers  for  Rivers  and  Harbors. 

Henry  C.  Newcomer. 
Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs. 

Charles  C.  Walcutt. 
Engineer's  Office. 

C.  A.  Flagler. 
Medical  Department  of  the  Army. 

Champe  C.  McCulloch. 

William  J.L.  Lyster. 

Department  of  Justice. 

Attorney  General's  Office. 
Samuel  J.  Graham. 
C.  E.  Stewart. 

Post  Office  Department. 

Postmaster  General's  Office. 
Otto  Praeger. 
R.  L.  Maddox. 


RKPORT  OF  the;  secretary  GENERAI..  279 


United  States — Continued. 

Department  of  the  Navy. 

Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Richmond  C.  HoIvCOmb. 

R.  C.  Ransdei*!,. 
Bureau  of  Navigation. 

ThoxMas  Washington. 

J.  H.  Dayton. 
Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering. 

Henry  C.  Dinger. 

Stanford  C.  Hooper. 
Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks. 

H.  R.  Stanford. 

Archibai^d  It.  Parsons. 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 

Bai^thasar  H.  Meyer. 
Naval  Hospital. 

Archibald  M.  Faunti^EROY. 
Naval  Medical  School. 

James  D.  Gatewood. 

Edward  R.  Stitt. 
Naval  Observatory. 

J.  A.  HooGEWERFF. 

Edwin  T.  Pollock. 
Naval  Radio  Service. 

William  H.  G.  Bullard. 

Samuel  W.  Bryant. 

Department  of  the  Interior. 

Bureau  of  Education. 

Samuel  P.  Capen. 

William  T.  Bawden, 
Bureau  of  Mines. 

Vannoy  H.  Manning. 

OzNi  P.  Hood. 
General  Land  Office. 

Clay  Tallman. 

John  McPhaul. 
Geological  Survey.  . 

George  Otis  Smith. 

Hiram  D.  McCaskey. 


28o  REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI.. 

United  State s-^-Contiaued. 

Office  of  Indian  Affairs. 
John  Francis,  Jr. 

A.  W.  WHEEI.ER. 
Patent  Office. 

Thomas  Ewing. 
James  T.  Newto^. 
Reclamation  Service. 
WiLUAM  A.  Ryan. 
Eugene  B.  Hoffman. 

Department  of  Agriculture. 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 
J,  R.  Mohler. 

B.  H.  Rawi.. 
Bureau  of  Biological  Survey. 

E.  W.  Nei^son. 

W.  L.  McAtee. 
Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates. 

George  K.  Holmes. 

Nat  C.  Murray. 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry. 

Karl  F.  KellErman. 

O.  F.  Cook. 
Bureau  of  Soils. 

Milton  W.  Whitney. 

Curtis  F.  Marbut. 
Forest  Service. 

H.  S.  Graves. 

A.  F.  Potter. 
Office  of  Markets  and  Rural  Organization. 

Charles  J.  Brand. 

C.  W.  Thompson. 

Office  of  Public  Roads  and  Rural  Engineering. 

L.  W.  Page. 

P.  St.  J.  Wilson. 
States  Relations  Service  (Office  of  Experiment  Stations). 

A.  C.  True. 

E.  W.  Allen. 
Weather  Bureau. 

Charles  Frederick  Marvin. 

Edward  Hall  Bowie. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  28 1 

United  States — Continued. 

Department  of  Commerce. 

Bureau  of  the  Census. 

Joseph  A.  Hii,l. 

Richard  Lappin. 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce. 

B.  E.  Pratt. 

F.  R.  Rutter. 
Bureani  of  Standards. 

S.  W.  Stratton. 

W.  F.  Hii,i,ebrand. 
Bureau  of  Fisheries. 

H.  M.  Smith. 

H.  F.  Moore. 
Bureau  of  Lighthouses. 

John  S.  Conway. 

h.  b.  bowerman. 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

E.  I^ESTER  Jones. 

R.  L.  Faris. 
Bureau  of  Navigation. 

E.  T.  ChamberIvAin. 

A.  J.  Tyrer.  • 

Department  of  Labor. 

Bureau  of  Immigration. 

A.  CaminETTi. 

A.  Warner  Parker. 
Bureau  of  Naturalization. 

Raymond  F.  Crist. 

J.  Henri  Wagner.  " 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 

Ch arises  H.  VERRII/I/. 

Chari^es  E.  Baldwin. 

Children's  Bureau. 

Jui,iA  C.  Lathrop. 
Hei/En  L.  Sumner. 

Board  of  Indian  Commissioners, 

Warren  K.  Moorehead. 
Botanic  Gardens,  Washington,  D.  C. 

George  Wesi<ey  Hess. 

Wii^LiAM  Padgett. 


282  REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY  GENERAL. 

United  States — Continued. 

CivU  Service  Commission,  Washington,  D.  C. 
•  George  R.  Wales. 

B.  L.  Faixoner. 
Federal  Reserve  Board. 

C.  S.  Hamlin. 
Paul  M.  Warburg. 

Federal  Trade  Commission. 

William  J.  Harris. 

Will  H.  Parry. 
Geographic  Board,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Andrew  Braid. 

Frank  Bond. 
Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

E.  J.  Kempf. 

J.  A.  Pfeiffer. 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Association,  secretary,  John  J.  Ferguson, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  III. 

Adolph  Eichhorn. 

S.  H.  GiLLILAND. 

Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

Samuel  E.  Tillman. 
National  Museum,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Charles  D.  Walcott. 
Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 
Ralph  Earle. 
W.  T.  Cluverius. 
Naval  Institute,  Annapolis,  Md. 
B.  C.  Allen. 
Ralph  Earle. 
Universidad  de  Antioquia,  Colombia. 
Francisco  Escobar  Campuzano. 
tulio  ospina. 
Universidad  Catdlica  de  Chile,  Chile. 

Ram6n  Salas  Edwards. 
Universidad  de  Cauca,  Colombia. 

TuLio  Ospina. 
Universidad  Central  de  Honduras,  Honduras. 

Carlos  Alberto  Ucl^s. 
Universidad  Central  de  Quito,  Ecuador. 
VfcTOR  Manuel  PenaherrEra. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  '  283 

Universidad  de  Chile,  Chile. 
Josti  Mar! A  Gai.vez. 
Teodoro  Muhm. 
Julio  Phiuppi. 
Dario  E.  Salas. 

ArTURO    E.  SaIvAZAR. 

Mois]§s  Vargas. 
Universidad  de  Cuzco,  Peru. 

Jos]§  AngeIv  Capar6. 

Alberto  Giesecke. 

His  Excellency  Federico  A.  Pezet. 
Universidad  de  El  Salvador,  El  Salvador. 

Carlos  A.  Meza. 
Universidad  Mayor  de  San  Marcos,  Peru. 

Isaac  Alzamora. 

Alejandro  O.  Deustua. 

Victor  Maurtua. 
Universidad  de  Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

His  Excellency  Carlos  Mar! a  de  Pena. 

Mario  Gil. 
Universidad  Nacional  de  Cdrdoba,  Argentina. 

Juan  B.  Ambrosetti. 

Ernesto  Quesada. 

Eduardo  Sarmiento  Laspiur. 
Universidad  Nacional  de  la  Plata,  Argentina. 

Agustin  Mercau. 
Universidad  de  Tucumdn,  Argentina. 

Arthur  H.  Rosenfeld. 
University  Museum,  secretary,  B.  Franklin  Pepper,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  . 

George  Byron  Gordon. 
University  of  Alabama,  University,  Ala. 

Lee  Bidgood. 

University  of  Arizona,  Tucson,  Ariz. 

R.  B.  VON  KlEinsmid. 
University  of  Arkansas,  Fayetteville,  Ark. 

H.  E.  Truax. 
University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Cal. 

Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler. 

D.  P.  Barrows. 
University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  III. 

Albert  A.  Michelson. 

RoLLiN  D.  Salisbury, 


284  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY   GENERAL. 

University  of  Cincinnati,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Frederick  Charles  Hicks. 
University  of  Colorado,  BotUder,  Colo. 

Livingston  Farrand. 
University  of  Denver,  University  Park,  Colo. 

David  Shaw  Duncan. 

Francis  L.  h.  Hiller. 
University  of  Florida,  Gainesville,  Fla. 

P.  H.  Rolfs. 

J.  R.  Benton. 

E.  R.  Flint. 

University  of  Georgia,  Athens,  Ga. 

J.  P.  Campbell. 

L.  L.  Hendren. 
University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  III. 

C.  Kendrick  Babcock. 

David  Kinley. 
University  of  Louisville,  Louisville,  Ky. 

W.  M.  Anderson. 

Charles  J.  Robinson. 
University  of  Maine,  Orono,  Me. 

Robert  J.  Aley. 
University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

J.  S.  Reeves. 

Wm.  J.  HUSSEY. 

James  W.  Glover. 
Harry  B.  Hutchins. 
Mortimer  E.  Cooley. 
.  Wm.  H.  Hobbs. 
University  of  Minnesota,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
W.  H.  Emmons. 

F.  E.  Clements. 
A.  J.  Todd. 
Solon  J.  Buck. 

University  of  Missouri,  Columbia,  Mo. 

A.  Ross  Hill. 
University  of  Montana,  Missoula,  Mont    ■ 

Edwin  B.  Craighead. 
University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Nebr: 

George  Elliott  Howard. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  285 


University  of  New  Mexico,  Albtcquerque,  N.  Mex. 

David  R.  Boyd. 

RoscoE  HlI<L. 
University  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 

Edward  K.  Graham. 

C.  Iv.  Raper. 
University  of  North  Dakota,  University  N,  Dak. 

Frank  L.  McVey. 

Herbert  A.  Hard. 
University  of  Notre  Dame,  Notre  Dame,  Ind. 

J.  A.  Capar6. 
University  of  Oklahoma,  Norman,  Okla. 

Stratton  D.  Brooks. 

John  A1.1.EY, 
University  of  Oregon,  Eugene,  Oreg. 

P.  h.  CaMPBEIvIv. 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

h.  S.  RowE. 

LiGHTNER  WiTMER. 

University  of  Pittsburgh,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

J.  T.  Holdsworth. 

Samuei/  Black  McCormick. 

F.  I,.  Bishop. 

RoswELiv  H.  Johnson. 

m.  a.  rosanopf. 

Francisco  Pinol. 

Morris  Knowles. 
University  of  Porto  Rico,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

P.  G.  Miller. 

Luis  Munoz  Rivera. 
University  of  Rochester,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Herman  Leroy  Fairchild. 
University  of  South  Carolina,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

A.  C.  Moore. 
University  of  South  Dakota,  Vermillion,  S.  Dak. 

Elmer  Kendall  Eyerly. 
University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Tex. 

William  R.  Manning. 

Lewis  H.  Haney. 

C.  G.  Butte. 

C.  G.  Haines. 

A.  B.  Wolfe. 

J.  E.  Trelevan. 


286  REPORT  OF  THB  SECRETARY  GENERAI,. 

University  of  the  South,  Sewanee,  Tenn. 

Albion  W.  Knight. 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

John  M.  Clarke. 
University  of  Vermont  and  AgrictUtural  and  Mechanical  College,  Burling- 
ton, Vt. 

Guy  Potter  Benton. 
University  of  Washington,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Vanderveer  Custis. 

Luis  A.  Santander. 
University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 

Charles  R.  Van  Hise. 

C.  K.  Leith. 

Chester  Lloyd- Jones. 

Ralph  Henry  Hess. 

Richard  Theodore  Ely. 

Louis  E.  Reber. 
University  of  Wyoming,  Laramie,  Wyo. 

AvEN  Nelson. 

Laura  A.  White. 

H.  C.  Dale. 
Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Aaron  L.  Treadwell. 
Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  Blacksburg,  Va. 

R.  J.  HOLDEN. 
Washington  Academy  of  Sciences,  secretary,  George  K.  Burgess,  Bureau 
of  Standards,  Washington,  D.  C. 

F.  W.  Clarke. 

George  K.  Burgess. 
Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lexington,  Va. 

Glenn  Brown. 

William  Taylor  Thom. 
Washington  Board  of  Trade,  secretary,  C.  J.  Gockeler,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Appleton  p.  Clark,  Jr. 

Archibald  M.  McLachlEn. 
Washington  Society  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  of  America,  general  sec- 
retary, Mitchell  Carroll,  The  Octagon,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Charles  Henry  Butler. 

John  B.  Larner. 
Washington  Society  of  Engineers,  secretary,  F.   W.  Albert,  310  District 
Building,  Washington,,  D.  C. 

George  R.  Putnam. 

J.  C.  HOYT. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  GENERAI,.  287 

Washington  University,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Francis  E.  Nipher. 

Alexander  S.  Langsdorf. 
Wellesley  College,  Wellesley,  Mass. 

IvOUisE  Sherwood  McDowei.Iv. 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn. 

William  North  Rice. 

Walter  G.  Cady. 
Western  Association  of  Electrical  Inspectors,  secretary,  William  S.  Boyd, 
175  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

William  J.  Canada. 
Western  Reserve  University,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Charles  F.  Thwing. 
Western  Society  of  Engineers,  1735  Monadnock  Building,  Chicago,  III. 

W.  H.  BlXBY. 

Albert  Reichman. 

Ernest  McCullough. 

John  F.  Hayford. 

Philip  B.  Woodworth. 
West  Virginia  University,  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

Frank  B.  Trotter. 

C.  R.  Jones. 
Whitman  College,  Walla  Walla,  Wash. 

William  E.  Borah. 
Williams  College,  Williamstown,  Mass. 

Francis  Bowes  Sayre. 
Wilmington  Chamber  of  Com,merce,  secretary,  Neil  B.  Sinclair,  Wilming- 
ton, Del. 

Charles  h.  Reese. 

Leonard  Yerkes. 
Wisconsin  State  Board  of  Industrial  Education,  Racine,  Wis. 

Louis  E.  Reber. 
Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Ira  N.  Hollis. 
Yale  University,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Hiram  Bingham. 

Avard  L.  Bishop. 
Yale  University  Law  School,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

George  D.  Watrous. 

Gordon  E.  Sfierman. 

48192—17 19 

o 


RETURN  TO  the  circulation  desk  of  any 
University  of  California  Library 
N.^r,  or  to  the 

NORTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
BIdg.  400,  Richmond  Field  Stdtion 
University  of  Cdlifornia 
Richnnond,  CA  94804-4698 


ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 
(5mC2:°6?5"r°^^^----^VC*g 

*  boXto  NRL^'  '"  '^'''"^^^  ^^  ^-9-9 

•  Renewals  and  recharges  may  be  made  4 
doys  prior  to  due  date. 

DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 

AUG  2  8  2002 


12,000(11/95) 


FORM  NO.  DD6 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
BERKELEY,  CA  94720 


U.  C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 

CDS13Efi^D3 


